有錢沒人！人才短缺將成雲計算快速發展的最大威脅

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" 受疫情影響，全球大多數企業線下活動受到明顯衝擊，線上服務的需求激增，也因此帶動了雲服務市場。賽迪數據顯示，2020 年全球雲計算市場銷售額爲2957. 6 億美元，增速爲9.8%。在政策推動與市場需求的刺激下，分析者普遍認爲，未來幾年雲市場的強勁發展勢頭有望保持下去。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"但近期，瑞銀分析師指出，人才問題可能成爲阻礙雲計算髮展的一個重要因素。瑞銀警告稱，隨着雲遷移在疫情期間加速，相關人才需求也在增加。但需求可能超過供給，這會拖累雲計算業務的整體增長。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"人才短缺或拖累業務增長"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"瑞銀分析師在近期報告中指出，他們在2021年第二季度，第一次同時聽到亞馬遜、微軟和谷歌三個雲巨頭對IT人才短缺的擔憂。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"“亞馬遜網絡服務（AWS）、微軟Azure、谷歌雲的整體風險在於，由於缺少相關人才，客戶可能無法憑藉既定的遷移項目推進。”瑞銀分析師寫道。一些雲計算客戶表示，由於其IT合作伙伴忙於處理積壓項目，他們的一些項目已經向後拖了幾個月的時間。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"需要雲計算能力的不僅是雲廠商，還有他們的客戶，尤其是缺乏專門人手和還未向員工提供雲計算培訓的客戶。Gartner副總裁希德·奈格（Sid Nig）之前表示，調查發現，超過40%的企業組織在尋找第三方幫助其處理雲計算項目。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"即使客戶繼續從亞馬遜、微軟和谷歌購買雲計算服務，他們也無法在該技術全面落地前看到投資收益。而任何的推遲都有可能導致與雲計算的成本和價值相關的問題進一步惡化。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"雲計算人才的短缺不僅給三巨頭敲響了警鐘，還給需要這類員工的IT提供商，以及剛剛使用雲計算服務的客戶敲響了警鐘。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"有受訪者對瑞銀表示，大型雲計算基礎設施合作伙伴之間的戰爭很瘋狂，無論是客戶還是系統集成商，都無法以足夠快的速度招到人，甚至一些規模最大的IT合作伙伴，都在嘗試通過收購專業化小型公司的方式來獲取人才。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"出於業務需要，在線視頻會議公司Zoom宣佈收購雲服務公司Five9 Inc.，價值約147億美元。而云廠商們也在加緊收購步伐。微軟公司收購了08年成立的雲遷移技術提供商Movere，此舉將方便客戶將現存的應用和基礎設施等遷移到微軟的雲計算平臺Azure，並使遷移的過程更加簡單。去年，谷歌宣佈26億美元完成了對大數據分析公司Looker的收購，Looker將被併入谷歌雲部門。這是谷歌歷史上第三大收購案，也顯示了谷歌對於數據分析和雲市場的迫切爭奪。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"這種情況也反映到了三巨頭將既定交易轉化爲實際消費收入的速度上。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"事實上，分析師早就警告過人才短缺的威脅。年初，Flexera公司首席執行官Jim Ryan就表示，在2021年雲計算最關注的問題將會是人力資源短缺。儘管衆多的企業願意支付高薪來聘請人才，但是目前對於雲計算的專業人員還是供不應求。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"“雲計算採用過程中的必要技術將越來越受重視。”Gartner副總裁莉迪亞·梁（Lydia Leong）在3月份表示，“這套生態系統中的所有企業都需要獲得更多人才，所有云計算提供商均是如此。”"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"企業競爭加劇人才爭奪"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"經過多年發展，雲計算市場馬太效應加劇，市場份額向逐漸被幾大廠商佔據。根據Gartner統計，亞馬遜、微軟、阿里雲、谷歌雲和華爲雲佔據了全球公有云IaaS超80%的市場份額，受品牌、資金、規模等差距的限制，雲計算IaaS已經變成大廠之間的競爭。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"亞馬遜最先入局雲計算，經過15年發展，亞馬遜在IaaS和數據庫PaaS這兩個領域在市場份額和產品功能方面“明顯”處於領導地位，能夠設計從芯片到完整軟件堆棧的一切產品。今年第一季度，其雲計算業務AWS營收135億美元，同比增長32%，市場預期132.3億美元。該業務佔亞馬遜總營收的12%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"微軟雖然較亞馬遜較晚入局，但市場份額近五年來持續上升，已經從2016年的8.7%上升至2020年的19.7%。在微軟2021財年第三財季（Q3）財報顯示，微軟智能雲業務的收入爲151億美元，同比增長23%，其中Azure收入同比增長50%，帶動服務器產品和雲服務收入增長26%至27億美元。Piper Sandler分析師Brent Bracelin預測，到了2022年，微軟Azure雲服務業務將會取代其辦公軟件業務Office成爲公司最大的營收源。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"排名第三的 IaaS 提供商是在中國占主導地位的阿里巴巴。根據阿里發佈的2021財年第四財季（即2021年1月-3月）財報。阿里雲全財年營收601.2億元，比上一財年400億收入大幅增長50%。阿里雲已連續兩個財季盈利，前期戰略投入形成的規模效益正在逐步釋放。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/ae\/ae0bc5bd038bb06c2c7023a6f90145be.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"從Gartner統計的全球雲計算市場從2016年到2020年的格局變化中可以看出，廠商之間的競爭一直沒有停過。亞馬遜雖然仍保持第一的位置，但其市場份額也逐漸在被其他廠商奪取。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"同時，雲計算市場還在不斷湧入新的玩家，其中最被人熟知的就是蘋果，入局第一件事就是爭奪人才。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"2019 年下半年，蘋果加速雲計算佈局，並從亞馬遜、谷歌等企業挖來了很多人才，包括曾負責亞馬遜容器託管服務的Michael Crosby、前谷歌雲工程師Francesc Campoy、前 Amazon Web Services 的首席開源技術專家Arun Gupta和前亞馬遜雲服務容器工程師Maksym Pavlenko等，業務方向也是對雲計算很重要的容器技術上。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"瑞銀表示，巨頭們仍短期內的發展勢頭可能不會放緩，但人才短缺問題仍然是切實存在的威脅。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"重金難求"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"除了IT\/互聯網企業以外，金融、醫療、教育等傳統企業也逐漸“上雲”，迫切需要大量開發者人才。人社部中國就業培訓技術指導中心的《新職業在線學習平臺發展報告》指出，未來5年，雲計算產業人才缺口將高達150萬。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/ef\/ef1ef1475437be6ba752f87865142e0c.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"雲計算領域崗位分佈，圖片來自網絡，侵刪"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"《中國雲計算行業洞察與人才分析》顯示，雲計算領域人才"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.sohu.com\/a\/417476131_100112531","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"月均薪酬"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在1萬元以上的佔比高達93.7%，3萬元以上佔比仍達24.7%，而整體互聯網行業人才月均薪酬1萬元以上的佔比僅爲45%，3萬元以上佔比只有1.7%。相比之下，雲計算人才遠超互聯網人才薪酬平均線，反映出市場對於其專業技術人才的剛需。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"華雲數據產品技術中心高級副總裁郭曉曾表示，雲計算工程師這個崗位之所以含金量高，因爲其不僅要能構建雲系統，還要能夠對雲資源進行管理、應用和服務，非常考驗技術人員的綜合能力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"但市場上，精英人才卻是“高薪難求”。大多數高級人才選擇在相對穩定和成熟的大公司之間流動，同時由於人才培養體系不夠健全，對雲計算有深入瞭解的人才數量也很少。人才建設已經成爲企業乃至整個社會不得不面臨和解決的問題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"參考鏈接："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/businesshala.com\/amazon-and-microsofts-massive-cloud-growth-could-be-slowed-by-labor-shortages-of-it-talent-wall-street-analyst-warns\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/businesshala.com\/amazon-and-microsofts-massive-cloud-growth-could-be-slowed-by-labor-shortages-of-it-talent-wall-street-analyst-warns\/"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]}]}