有钱没人！人才短缺将成云计算快速发展的最大威胁

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" 受疫情影响，全球大多数企业线下活动受到明显冲击，线上服务的需求激增，也因此带动了云服务市场。赛迪数据显示，2020 年全球云计算市场销售额为2957. 6 亿美元，增速为9.8%。在政策推动与市场需求的刺激下，分析者普遍认为，未来几年云市场的强劲发展势头有望保持下去。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"但近期，瑞银分析师指出，人才问题可能成为阻碍云计算发展的一个重要因素。瑞银警告称，随着云迁移在疫情期间加速，相关人才需求也在增加。但需求可能超过供给，这会拖累云计算业务的整体增长。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"人才短缺或拖累业务增长"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"瑞银分析师在近期报告中指出，他们在2021年第二季度，第一次同时听到亚马逊、微软和谷歌三个云巨头对IT人才短缺的担忧。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"“亚马逊网络服务（AWS）、微软Azure、谷歌云的整体风险在于，由于缺少相关人才，客户可能无法凭借既定的迁移项目推进。”瑞银分析师写道。一些云计算客户表示，由于其IT合作伙伴忙于处理积压项目，他们的一些项目已经向后拖了几个月的时间。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"需要云计算能力的不仅是云厂商，还有他们的客户，尤其是缺乏专门人手和还未向员工提供云计算培训的客户。Gartner副总裁希德·奈格（Sid Nig）之前表示，调查发现，超过40%的企业组织在寻找第三方帮助其处理云计算项目。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"即使客户继续从亚马逊、微软和谷歌购买云计算服务，他们也无法在该技术全面落地前看到投资收益。而任何的推迟都有可能导致与云计算的成本和价值相关的问题进一步恶化。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"云计算人才的短缺不仅给三巨头敲响了警钟，还给需要这类员工的IT提供商，以及刚刚使用云计算服务的客户敲响了警钟。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"有受访者对瑞银表示，大型云计算基础设施合作伙伴之间的战争很疯狂，无论是客户还是系统集成商，都无法以足够快的速度招到人，甚至一些规模最大的IT合作伙伴，都在尝试通过收购专业化小型公司的方式来获取人才。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"出于业务需要，在线视频会议公司Zoom宣布收购云服务公司Five9 Inc.，价值约147亿美元。而云厂商们也在加紧收购步伐。微软公司收购了08年成立的云迁移技术提供商Movere，此举将方便客户将现存的应用和基础设施等迁移到微软的云计算平台Azure，并使迁移的过程更加简单。去年，谷歌宣布26亿美元完成了对大数据分析公司Looker的收购，Looker将被并入谷歌云部门。这是谷歌历史上第三大收购案，也显示了谷歌对于数据分析和云市场的迫切争夺。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"这种情况也反映到了三巨头将既定交易转化为实际消费收入的速度上。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"事实上，分析师早就警告过人才短缺的威胁。年初，Flexera公司首席执行官Jim Ryan就表示，在2021年云计算最关注的问题将会是人力资源短缺。尽管众多的企业愿意支付高薪来聘请人才，但是目前对于云计算的专业人员还是供不应求。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"“云计算采用过程中的必要技术将越来越受重视。”Gartner副总裁莉迪亚·梁（Lydia Leong）在3月份表示，“这套生态系统中的所有企业都需要获得更多人才，所有云计算提供商均是如此。”"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"企业竞争加剧人才争夺"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"经过多年发展，云计算市场马太效应加剧，市场份额向逐渐被几大厂商占据。根据Gartner统计，亚马逊、微软、阿里云、谷歌云和华为云占据了全球公有云IaaS超80%的市场份额，受品牌、资金、规模等差距的限制，云计算IaaS已经变成大厂之间的竞争。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"亚马逊最先入局云计算，经过15年发展，亚马逊在IaaS和数据库PaaS这两个领域在市场份额和产品功能方面“明显”处于领导地位，能够设计从芯片到完整软件堆栈的一切产品。今年第一季度，其云计算业务AWS营收135亿美元，同比增长32%，市场预期132.3亿美元。该业务占亚马逊总营收的12%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"微软虽然较亚马逊较晚入局，但市场份额近五年来持续上升，已经从2016年的8.7%上升至2020年的19.7%。在微软2021财年第三财季（Q3）财报显示，微软智能云业务的收入为151亿美元，同比增长23%，其中Azure收入同比增长50%，带动服务器产品和云服务收入增长26%至27亿美元。Piper Sandler分析师Brent Bracelin预测，到了2022年，微软Azure云服务业务将会取代其办公软件业务Office成为公司最大的营收源。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"排名第三的 IaaS 提供商是在中国占主导地位的阿里巴巴。根据阿里发布的2021财年第四财季（即2021年1月-3月）财报。阿里云全财年营收601.2亿元，比上一财年400亿收入大幅增长50%。阿里云已连续两个财季盈利，前期战略投入形成的规模效益正在逐步释放。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/ae\/ae0bc5bd038bb06c2c7023a6f90145be.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"从Gartner统计的全球云计算市场从2016年到2020年的格局变化中可以看出，厂商之间的竞争一直没有停过。亚马逊虽然仍保持第一的位置，但其市场份额也逐渐在被其他厂商夺取。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"同时，云计算市场还在不断涌入新的玩家，其中最被人熟知的就是苹果，入局第一件事就是争夺人才。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"2019 年下半年，苹果加速云计算布局，并从亚马逊、谷歌等企业挖来了很多人才，包括曾负责亚马逊容器托管服务的Michael Crosby、前谷歌云工程师Francesc Campoy、前 Amazon Web Services 的首席开源技术专家Arun Gupta和前亚马逊云服务容器工程师Maksym Pavlenko等，业务方向也是对云计算很重要的容器技术上。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"瑞银表示，巨头们仍短期内的发展势头可能不会放缓，但人才短缺问题仍然是切实存在的威胁。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"重金难求"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"除了IT\/互联网企业以外，金融、医疗、教育等传统企业也逐渐“上云”，迫切需要大量开发者人才。人社部中国就业培训技术指导中心的《新职业在线学习平台发展报告》指出，未来5年，云计算产业人才缺口将高达150万。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/ef\/ef1ef1475437be6ba752f87865142e0c.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"云计算领域岗位分布，图片来自网络，侵删"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"《中国云计算行业洞察与人才分析》显示，云计算领域人才"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.sohu.com\/a\/417476131_100112531","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"月均薪酬"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在1万元以上的占比高达93.7%，3万元以上占比仍达24.7%，而整体互联网行业人才月均薪酬1万元以上的占比仅为45%，3万元以上占比只有1.7%。相比之下，云计算人才远超互联网人才薪酬平均线，反映出市场对于其专业技术人才的刚需。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"华云数据产品技术中心高级副总裁郭晓曾表示，云计算工程师这个岗位之所以含金量高，因为其不仅要能构建云系统，还要能够对云资源进行管理、应用和服务，非常考验技术人员的综合能力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"但市场上，精英人才却是“高薪难求”。大多数高级人才选择在相对稳定和成熟的大公司之间流动，同时由于人才培养体系不够健全，对云计算有深入了解的人才数量也很少。人才建设已经成为企业乃至整个社会不得不面临和解决的问题。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"参考链接："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/businesshala.com\/amazon-and-microsofts-massive-cloud-growth-could-be-slowed-by-labor-shortages-of-it-talent-wall-street-analyst-warns\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/businesshala.com\/amazon-and-microsofts-massive-cloud-growth-could-be-slowed-by-labor-shortages-of-it-talent-wall-street-analyst-warns\/"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]}]}