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如何編寫有用的錯誤消息？
{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"錯誤消息的領域涉及很多方面的內容。它們需要將UX領域的幾乎所有元素（信息、說明、界面、微文案）結合起來，並且用幾句話將這些信息闡述清楚。所有這些元素都是爲了一個共同的目標："},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"在出現問題時幫助用戶"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/14\/1428d5672c0901991d606f9739f23555.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"錯誤消息需要快速、清晰地通知、指導和引導用戶"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但上面的說法還是太簡單了，因爲錯誤消息還需要包含以下內容："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"你的站點或系統的結構"},{"type":"text","text":"：用戶和開發人員都不希望看到無窮無盡、含義各異的文本字符。所以你需要考慮爲之編寫錯誤消息的系統上下文。你需要找出系統的所有需求和約束，然後儘可能讓錯誤邏輯保持簡單和一致。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"整體體驗"},{"type":"text","text":"：從現有的設計模式中汲取靈感，或共同打造一個新的設計模式來滿足設計和內容需求。用戶都喜歡熟悉的內容，並且重用各種語言模式就像重用各種設計模式一樣會讓大家都很滿意。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"品牌和產品"},{"type":"text","text":"：消息應該反映你的品牌或產品的聲音和基調，這些內容還要同上下文和用戶心態保持平衡。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"那麼，如何編寫對所有人和用戶都有幫助的錯誤消息呢？你該從哪裏入手？"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"（先）不要寫任何東西！"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"什麼都不管就開始打字是很誘人的做法。你覺得你的大腦每次只會應付一條消息，因此每個錯誤都能寫出完美、井井有條的消息！"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"聽起來很棒？但情況並非總是如此。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果你正在開發一個新的網站、工具或系統，你需要寫很多錯誤消息纔行。如果你要添加一條消息，那麼同類的消息可能已經有好幾條了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"利益相關者也有很多：設計師、開發人員、品牌人員，他們都希望看到精心設計、保持一致的錯誤處理方法。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"用戶需要在他們遇到問題時獲得錯誤消息的幫助——所以這些消息最好是有用的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"因此，與其“編寫”錯誤消息，不如考慮“構建”消息。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"打下堅實的基礎"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果你正在創建一個全新的網站、工具或系統，請召集整個團隊，共同列出所有可能出錯的事情，例如："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"可能提交錯誤信息的人"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"將用戶引向不存在頁面的損壞鏈接"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"系統整個崩潰，沒有任何解釋"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"o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