年輕人逃離算法圍城：老年版APP，用着真香

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"技術最終是爲人服務的，只有更人性化的技術解決方案才能走得更長久。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"年輕人愛上適老版APP"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"有意思的是，不少年輕人正在適老版App裏假裝老年用戶。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“很多APP實在是太眼花繚亂了，亂到年輕人都不知道哪是哪，還是用老年版APP清爽”，一位網友在某社交平臺上如是表示TA鍾愛老年版APP的理由。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"適老版APP原本是爲了方便老年人使用互聯網等智能技術的需求而推出。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"去年12月，工信部針對老年人用機難問題印發了《互聯網應用適老化及無障礙改造專項行動方案》，並公佈了首批適老化和無障礙改造APP名單，包括微信、淘寶、美團、百度、支付寶等43款生活類APP。此後，更多APP也響應政策需求，推出“老年模式”，互聯網適老化進程加速。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在“老年模式”下，APP 的頁面更簡潔，字體更大、更清晰。更重要的是，相比之下，老年版 APP 少了很多套路。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"工信部印發的《互聯網網站適老化通用設計規範》和《移動互聯網應用（App）適老化通用設計規範》中要求，網頁中嚴禁出現廣告內容及插件，特別是付款類操作不能有任何誘導式按鍵，也不能隨機出現廣告或臨時性的廣告彈窗。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"適老化改造政策一經推出，便在互聯網上引發年輕人的關注。有網友表示，手機 APP 就應該簡單點，有時候年輕人都未必弄明白，更何況老年人。而且一定要杜絕各種彈窗廣告，年輕人都經常不小心中招。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"老年版 APP 沒有無休止的彈窗廣告，沒有各種煩人的跳轉、推送，也沒有令人眼花繚亂的商品推薦、優惠券... 簡直完美切中當下年輕人使用手機 APP 的痛點。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"沒想到，老年版 APP 意外收穫了很多年輕人的喜愛。可見年輕人太需要純淨的上網環境了。老年版 APP 就這樣憑藉清朗的特點成爲年輕人逃離嘈雜世界的“避風港”。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"天下苦APP久矣"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"年輕人青睞老年版APP背後，也折射出，在商業世界的裹挾之下，手機APP的諸多亂象。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"爲了搶奪用戶的注意力，現在層出不窮的超級APP變得越來越沒有邊界，它們試圖集所有的功能於一身。其結果就是，很多APP在變得越來越“沉重”，越來越臃腫。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另一方面，APP氾濫也讓用戶在海量信息中“找不到北”，很多人手機上裝了少則十幾個，多則上百個APP，但實際上真正常用的也沒幾個。就算是最頻繁使用的APP，也不是都熟悉裏面的所有功能。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對於用戶來說，手機APP儘管帶來了便利，卻也帶來了很多“不可承受之重” 。龐雜且臃腫的APP，極其佔用手機運行的內存，導致手機變卡變慢。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"互聯網世界，比起便捷，現代人可能更無法忍受“等待”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外，很多APP上的虛假廣告、廣告騷擾、插件、誘導下載、誘導付費等問題也令用戶頭疼不已。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"手機App還是個人隱私數據泄露的重災區。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在國內，幾乎所有的手機APP在安裝時都要綁定用戶的手機號碼，還要獲取用戶的相機、通訊錄、位置、短信記錄等隱私信息，不少網絡運營者未經用戶授權收集和故意泄露個人信息。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"中國消費者協會2018年發佈的《App 個人信息泄露情況調查報告》顯示，超八成受訪者曾遭遇個人信息泄露問題。騷擾電話\/短信、詐騙電話和垃圾郵件…信息泄露給用戶帶來了嚴重困擾，隱私信息在“裸奔”已經成爲大家無奈的“共識”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"最近幾年，國家接連出手整治，保護用戶數據安全。2019 年 5 月，國家網信辦發佈了"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/syI6WM61OWkOV8K-XtQe","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"《數據安全管理辦法（徵求意見稿）》"}]},{"type":"text","text":"，其被業界認爲是中國版的 GDPR，《辦法》對網絡運營者在數據收集、處理使用、安全監督管理三方面做出了具體要求，其中針對 App 隱私泄露問題就做出了明確規範。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"國家已經多次查處違規APP。工信部發布的2021年第二季度電信服務有關情況通告中，對國內主流手機應用商店的36萬款App進行技術檢測，其中發現有達569款App存在違規收集使用個人信息以及強制、頻繁、過渡索取權限的問題，公開通報291款未在限期內整改的App，並下架48款拒不整改的App。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"用戶困在算法裏，國家加強推薦算法監管"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不久前，一篇《外賣員被困在算法裏》的文章刷屏，不止外賣員，其實我們每個人都被困在了"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzU1NDA4NjU2MA==&mid=2247543341&idx=1&sn=75ee31881c44b480c6ecbdf9ad5119a4&chksm=fbea93e2cc9d1af45bcdba2e2366549a97dd029ce7275a7fe7c4811020e76cd3f48af2bb44a4&scene=27#wechat_redirect","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"算法"}]},{"type":"text","text":"裏。現在國內科技企業普遍會使用算法來預測用戶的偏好，如餐飲外賣平臺、短視頻平臺、電商平臺、社交平臺等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"無處不在的算法推薦給用戶帶來了諸多困擾。近期，Netflix出品的紀錄片《監視資本主義：智能陷阱》中，描述了算法對人們生活的影響。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"斯坦福教授在紀錄片中表示，如今社交軟件所帶來的全民成癮困境，視爲與毒品等同的現象。這種成癮性帶來了很多隱患，如年輕人可能僅僅因爲社交媒體賬號下的一條嘲諷評論，就陷入負面情緒，甚至產生抑鬱傾向。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"紀錄片引用的數據顯示，2011-2013年間，美國的青少年中的抑鬱、焦慮和自殺人數呈明顯上升趨勢，而這段時期也正是社交軟件數量瘋狂增長的階段。此外，社交媒體的特性，註定使得那些帶有明顯煽動性的假新聞比真新聞呈現出更快的傳播速度。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"今年以來，我們國家對互聯網平臺使用算法機制展開了嚴監管行動，整治算法濫用行爲。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"8月27日，國家網信辦起草了"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/xie.infoq.cn\/article\/067bd36c1824d54bb3f7ae81c","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"《互聯網信息服務算法推薦管理規定（徵求意見稿）》"}]},{"type":"text","text":"，向社會公開徵求意見。徵求意見稿對互聯網服務提供商向用戶提供建議內容時所使用的算法加強監管，以保護用戶的隱私和數據安全。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"《算法推薦管理規定意見稿》明確，算法推薦技術，是指應用生成合成類、個性化推送類、排序精選類、檢索過濾類、調度決策類等算法技術向用戶提供信息內容。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"國家網信部門將對算法推薦服務提供者實施分級管理，具有輿論屬性或社會動員能力的算法推薦服務提供者需要進行備案，完成備案後還需要在平臺公示。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"徵求意見稿中指出，算法推薦服務提供者不得利用算法虛假註冊賬號、非法交易賬號、操縱用戶賬號，或者虛假點贊、評論、轉發、網頁導航等，實施流量造假、流量劫持。應當制定並公開算法推薦相關服務規則；不得設置誘導用戶沉迷或者高額消費等違背公序良俗的算法模型；不得利用算法屏蔽信息、過度推薦、操縱榜單或者檢索結果排序、控制熱搜或者精選等干預信息呈現，實施自我優待、不正當競爭、影響網絡輿論或者規避監管等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"算法推薦服務的平臺要定期審覈評估算法模型，不得實施流量造假、流量劫持，不得控制檢索結果和熱搜榜單，首頁、熱搜、彈窗等內容要符合主流價值導向，還需要向用戶公示算法推薦原理機制。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外，算法推薦服務提供者，應當向用戶提供不針對其個人特徵的選項，或者向用戶提供便捷的關閉算法推薦服務的選項。用戶選擇關閉算法推薦服務的，算法推薦服務提供者應當立即停止提供相關服務。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"技術最終是爲人服務的，只有更人性化的技術解決方案才能走得更長久。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"參考鏈接："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/baijiahao.baidu.com\/s?id=1709253060960824248&wfr=spider&for=pc","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/baijiahao.baidu.com\/s?id=17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