年轻人逃离算法围城：老年版APP，用着真香

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"技术最终是为人服务的，只有更人性化的技术解决方案才能走得更长久。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"年轻人爱上适老版APP"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"有意思的是，不少年轻人正在适老版App里假装老年用户。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“很多APP实在是太眼花缭乱了，乱到年轻人都不知道哪是哪，还是用老年版APP清爽”，一位网友在某社交平台上如是表示TA钟爱老年版APP的理由。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"适老版APP原本是为了方便老年人使用互联网等智能技术的需求而推出。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"去年12月，工信部针对老年人用机难问题印发了《互联网应用适老化及无障碍改造专项行动方案》，并公布了首批适老化和无障碍改造APP名单，包括微信、淘宝、美团、百度、支付宝等43款生活类APP。此后，更多APP也响应政策需求，推出“老年模式”，互联网适老化进程加速。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在“老年模式”下，APP 的页面更简洁，字体更大、更清晰。更重要的是，相比之下，老年版 APP 少了很多套路。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"工信部印发的《互联网网站适老化通用设计规范》和《移动互联网应用（App）适老化通用设计规范》中要求，网页中严禁出现广告内容及插件，特别是付款类操作不能有任何诱导式按键，也不能随机出现广告或临时性的广告弹窗。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"适老化改造政策一经推出，便在互联网上引发年轻人的关注。有网友表示，手机 APP 就应该简单点，有时候年轻人都未必弄明白，更何况老年人。而且一定要杜绝各种弹窗广告，年轻人都经常不小心中招。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"老年版 APP 没有无休止的弹窗广告，没有各种烦人的跳转、推送，也没有令人眼花缭乱的商品推荐、优惠券... 简直完美切中当下年轻人使用手机 APP 的痛点。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"没想到，老年版 APP 意外收获了很多年轻人的喜爱。可见年轻人太需要纯净的上网环境了。老年版 APP 就这样凭借清朗的特点成为年轻人逃离嘈杂世界的“避风港”。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"天下苦APP久矣"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"年轻人青睐老年版APP背后，也折射出，在商业世界的裹挟之下，手机APP的诸多乱象。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"为了抢夺用户的注意力，现在层出不穷的超级APP变得越来越没有边界，它们试图集所有的功能于一身。其结果就是，很多APP在变得越来越“沉重”，越来越臃肿。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另一方面，APP泛滥也让用户在海量信息中“找不到北”，很多人手机上装了少则十几个，多则上百个APP，但实际上真正常用的也没几个。就算是最频繁使用的APP，也不是都熟悉里面的所有功能。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"对于用户来说，手机APP尽管带来了便利，却也带来了很多“不可承受之重” 。庞杂且臃肿的APP，极其占用手机运行的内存，导致手机变卡变慢。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"互联网世界，比起便捷，现代人可能更无法忍受“等待”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外，很多APP上的虚假广告、广告骚扰、插件、诱导下载、诱导付费等问题也令用户头疼不已。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"手机App还是个人隐私数据泄露的重灾区。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在国内，几乎所有的手机APP在安装时都要绑定用户的手机号码，还要获取用户的相机、通讯录、位置、短信记录等隐私信息，不少网络运营者未经用户授权收集和故意泄露个人信息。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"中国消费者协会2018年发布的《App 个人信息泄露情况调查报告》显示，超八成受访者曾遭遇个人信息泄露问题。骚扰电话\/短信、诈骗电话和垃圾邮件…信息泄露给用户带来了严重困扰，隐私信息在“裸奔”已经成为大家无奈的“共识”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"最近几年，国家接连出手整治，保护用户数据安全。2019 年 5 月，国家网信办发布了"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/syI6WM61OWkOV8K-XtQe","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"《数据安全管理办法（征求意见稿）》"}]},{"type":"text","text":"，其被业界认为是中国版的 GDPR，《办法》对网络运营者在数据收集、处理使用、安全监督管理三方面做出了具体要求，其中针对 App 隐私泄露问题就做出了明确规范。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"国家已经多次查处违规APP。工信部发布的2021年第二季度电信服务有关情况通告中，对国内主流手机应用商店的36万款App进行技术检测，其中发现有达569款App存在违规收集使用个人信息以及强制、频繁、过渡索取权限的问题，公开通报291款未在限期内整改的App，并下架48款拒不整改的App。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"用户困在算法里，国家加强推荐算法监管"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不久前，一篇《外卖员被困在算法里》的文章刷屏，不止外卖员，其实我们每个人都被困在了"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzU1NDA4NjU2MA==&mid=2247543341&idx=1&sn=75ee31881c44b480c6ecbdf9ad5119a4&chksm=fbea93e2cc9d1af45bcdba2e2366549a97dd029ce7275a7fe7c4811020e76cd3f48af2bb44a4&scene=27#wechat_redirect","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"算法"}]},{"type":"text","text":"里。现在国内科技企业普遍会使用算法来预测用户的偏好，如餐饮外卖平台、短视频平台、电商平台、社交平台等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"无处不在的算法推荐给用户带来了诸多困扰。近期，Netflix出品的纪录片《监视资本主义：智能陷阱》中，描述了算法对人们生活的影响。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"斯坦福教授在纪录片中表示，如今社交软件所带来的全民成瘾困境，视为与毒品等同的现象。这种成瘾性带来了很多隐患，如年轻人可能仅仅因为社交媒体账号下的一条嘲讽评论，就陷入负面情绪，甚至产生抑郁倾向。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"纪录片引用的数据显示，2011-2013年间，美国的青少年中的抑郁、焦虑和自杀人数呈明显上升趋势，而这段时期也正是社交软件数量疯狂增长的阶段。此外，社交媒体的特性，注定使得那些带有明显煽动性的假新闻比真新闻呈现出更快的传播速度。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"今年以来，我们国家对互联网平台使用算法机制展开了严监管行动，整治算法滥用行为。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"8月27日，国家网信办起草了"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/xie.infoq.cn\/article\/067bd36c1824d54bb3f7ae81c","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"《互联网信息服务算法推荐管理规定（征求意见稿）》"}]},{"type":"text","text":"，向社会公开征求意见。征求意见稿对互联网服务提供商向用户提供建议内容时所使用的算法加强监管，以保护用户的隐私和数据安全。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"《算法推荐管理规定意见稿》明确，算法推荐技术，是指应用生成合成类、个性化推送类、排序精选类、检索过滤类、调度决策类等算法技术向用户提供信息内容。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"国家网信部门将对算法推荐服务提供者实施分级管理，具有舆论属性或社会动员能力的算法推荐服务提供者需要进行备案，完成备案后还需要在平台公示。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"征求意见稿中指出，算法推荐服务提供者不得利用算法虚假注册账号、非法交易账号、操纵用户账号，或者虚假点赞、评论、转发、网页导航等，实施流量造假、流量劫持。应当制定并公开算法推荐相关服务规则；不得设置诱导用户沉迷或者高额消费等违背公序良俗的算法模型；不得利用算法屏蔽信息、过度推荐、操纵榜单或者检索结果排序、控制热搜或者精选等干预信息呈现，实施自我优待、不正当竞争、影响网络舆论或者规避监管等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"算法推荐服务的平台要定期审核评估算法模型，不得实施流量造假、流量劫持，不得控制检索结果和热搜榜单，首页、热搜、弹窗等内容要符合主流价值导向，还需要向用户公示算法推荐原理机制。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外，算法推荐服务提供者，应当向用户提供不针对其个人特征的选项，或者向用户提供便捷的关闭算法推荐服务的选项。用户选择关闭算法推荐服务的，算法推荐服务提供者应当立即停止提供相关服务。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"技术最终是为人服务的，只有更人性化的技术解决方案才能走得更长久。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"参考链接："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/baijiahao.baidu.com\/s?id=1709253060960824248&wfr=spider&for=pc","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/baijiahao.baidu.com\/s?id=1709253060960824248&wfr=spider&for=pc"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/baijiahao.baidu.com\/s?id=1678059391362000383&wfr=spider&for=pc","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/baijiahao.baidu.com\/s?id=1678059391362000383&wfr=spider&for=pc"}]}]}]}