混合雲IT架構時代，企業如何利用AI應對數據挑戰？

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"9 月 8 日，"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/cn-zh","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"IBM"}]},{"type":"text","text":" “科技一席談” 媒體專訪在線上舉行。IBM 大中華區科技事業部、客戶成功管理部總經理朱輝，IBM 中國混合雲與 AI 華東及華南大區總經理許偉傑分別就“數據與AI”主題做分享，並與 InfoQ 在內的衆多科技媒體一同交流。"}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"混合雲 + AI 已成 IBM 戰略核心"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"當前，混合雲 + AI 已成爲 IBM 當之無愧的戰略核心。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/53\/9e\/53a592f19ccee76f603eb29b91f71e9e.png","alt":null,"title":"IBM 大中華區科技事業部、客戶成功管理部總經理 朱輝","style":[{"key":"width","value":"50%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"朱輝透露，目前 IBM 三分之一的營收來自於混合雲相關業務，公司硬件、軟件、服務、諮詢等各條線都已經統一到了混合雲與 AI 的戰略平臺上。此外，從軟件的角度來看，經過過去五六年的調整和整合，整個軟件的產品線都已經集中到了基於容器化平臺的 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/cn-zh\/cloud\/paks?lnk2=learnfeature","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Cloud Paks"}]},{"type":"text","text":"當中。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“Cloud Paks 相當於把IBM廣受客戶認可、技術能力非常領先的企業級軟件基於紅帽OpenShift進行容器化、以微服務的方式來提供給客戶。不僅是把這些工具給容器化，還有很多基於容器的協同、管理的能力。”許偉傑說道。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/a7\/47\/a7f93e16d673a1a64c0aef1cc2a85f47.png","alt":null,"title":"IBM 中國混合雲與 AI 華東及華南大區總經理許偉傑","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而在市場銷售的售前、售後服務體系方面，IBM 也已經建立了以數字化轉型、混合雲與 AI 能力爲主的諮詢服務體系，通過車庫創新、設計思維工作坊（Design Workshop）的方式和客戶共同創新，幫助客戶運用最新的技術，在完成數字化轉型、產生新的業務創新和業務價值的過程中，來發現、定義新的業務場景和 MVP（最小可行性產品）。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"數據方面，目前全球有 3200 多個企業級客戶使用 IBM 的混合雲平臺，有 4 萬用戶使用 IBM 的人工智能技術。IBM 今年二季度的財報數據顯示，IBM 在過去 12 個月的總營收當中有三分之一是來自於混合雲相關的業務，金額大約爲 263 億美金（約爲 1697 億元人民幣）。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"混合雲 IT 架構時代，企業正面臨數據挑戰"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"新技術能幫助企業提高生產力，創造新的價值。但與此同時，企業也會面對相應的挑戰。具體來說，有以下三方面挑戰："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第一，企業如何儘快、簡單、低風險、低成本地搭建起混合雲的環境和基礎架構。把公有云、私有云上面部署的應用和擁有的數據，以及本地系統當中運行的應用，在一個混合的 IT 環境下進行監管、運營、運維。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第二，智能自動化，怎樣通過技術和人工智能的能力，把低端、低價值的工作自動化。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第三，怎樣通過人工智能來實現數據的價值。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"其中，利用 AI 來實現數據價值的訴求還遠遠沒有達到理想狀態。IDC 數據顯示，有高達 90% 有價值的企業數據，或是無從訪問，或是無法信任，或是未被分析利用。這既阻礙了企業的決策，也限制了企業對業務表現實現實時的可視化、對客戶作出更快響應的能力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在朱輝看來，雖然當前很多企業已採用混合雲，並使用了大量 AI 技術，但同時也面臨諸多技術問題："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第一，數據量急劇增加，隨着非結構化數據加入到整個企業級數據的來源當中且成爲越來越重要的來源之後，一個企業所擁有的數據量以及增長速度正在呈幾何級增長。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第二，數據不僅來自於不同的應用系統，還存在於不同的形態當中，包括公有云、私有云和本地應用上。這些數據如果按照原來數據倉庫、數據集市、統一數據平臺的概念，把它複製或移動過來，會導致成本和複雜度越來越高、可靠性越來越低、所需要的時間越來越多。這意味着，難度也隨之越來越高。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對企業而言，如何利用 AI 技術來應對繁雜艱鉅的數據挑戰，是值得持續探索的課題。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"利用 AI 解鎖數據價值"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"爲了解決企業在混合雲 IT 架構時代如何發揮數據價值的問題，"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/baike.baidu.com\/item\/Data%20Fabric\/57375368?fr=aladdin","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Data Fabric"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 數據架構理念應運而生。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Data Fabric 是一種架構模式，目的是在混合雲時代解決企業內部數據資產多樣化、分散化、規模化和複雜化等挑戰。Data Fabric 以智能、安全和自服務的方式，動態地協調分佈式的數據源，跨數據平臺提供可信賴的數據，從而支持各種分析及應用場景。Data Fabric 不是點對點的連接或單⼀樞紐式的數據集成，⽽是在混合數據源之間“跨越”⼀個虛擬⽹絡，使得數據在這個虛擬的網上迅速流動。 "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"簡單來說，智能化的Data Fabric 的主要功能就是，在正確的時間，從任意正確的位置，將正確的數據與正確的人連接起來，從而全面釋放數據價值，加速企業的數字化轉型。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"IBM Cloud Pak for Data 的模塊化和可定製性質提供了一種理想的環境，可通過針對用戶的獨特需求量身定製的解決方案構建 Data Fabric。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"具體來說，IBM Cloud Pak for Data 上的智能化Data Fabric可以提供以下四方面 AI 自動化能力："}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"1.AutoCatalog（自動分類）"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"AutoCatalog 相當於一個由AI 賦能的“大腦”，可以對數據的發現和分類流程實現自動化，建立自動化目錄，維護來自於不同數據環境數據資產的 Dynamic（動態的）的 Real time catalogue（實時目錄）。實時目錄能夠提供能力上的支撐，是一個非常重要的自動化的能力，可以輕鬆查找跨企業內不同業務團隊之間的數據。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2.AutoAI（自動建模）"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"AutoAI 主要用來儘量降低 AI 模型開發、模型校正、模型自我重新培訓的技術門檻和人力付出，從而對動態的數據和整個 AI 本身算法生命的週期進行自動化。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3.AutoPrivacy（自動識別隱私規則）"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"AutoPrivacy 主要是通過數據隱私框架當中的關鍵能力，使用 AI 的能力智能化地識別企業內部的敏感數據，當被調用的時候系統能夠識別到、監控到，甚至在後續當定義敏感數據的使用和保護時，就可以爲企業內部的政策實施自動化提供技術和智能化的保障。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"4.AutoSQL（自動查詢）"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"通過 AutoSQL 的技術來實現訪問數據的自動化，無需物理地移動這些數據，從而提高了數據查詢的速度，也降低了使用數據的人對數據來源所需要的瞭解。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"IBM 將上述四項 AI 賦能的自動化能力都加入到最新的 Cloud Pak for Data 4.0 版本當中。從目前實驗室內部做的一些比對來看，Data Fabric 的價格以及自動化能力，能夠把查詢的速度提高 8 倍以上，成本降低大概一半。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在朱輝看來，Data Fabric 是非常重要的技術棧演進。隨着數據不斷增長，企業數字化進程必然加快。在此背景下，如果沒有人工智能，僅依靠人力來解鎖數據價值的成本巨大。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“混合雲架構實現了數據的民主，讓數據變得更加公開，更加能夠被普適性應用。在不傷及數據的擁有權、敏感度、安全性、可信性的前提下，讓更多人能夠從數據當中獲益，享受數據帶來的價值，實現數據的民主化。我們整個理念、技術的演進，就是圍繞着這樣的一種思路和邏輯在往前推進。”"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"寫在最後"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"當前，AI 在諸多領域已具備決策能力，比如 AlphaGo 走的每一步棋都是一個決定。至於 AI 做的決定是否可靠，朱輝認爲這其中只有一小部分是技術問題，大部分實際上是人文問題、法律問題和社會問題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對於未來，朱輝認爲 AI 能做的決定一定會越來越多。“但最終用 AI 做多少決定，還是人類的選擇。”"}]}]}