42%受访者能够接受机器人伴侣，研究生最害怕因AI发展失去工作

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近日，波士顿动力发布了一段机器人跳舞的视频，流畅的动作表现让很多观众不敢相信自己的双眼。如此自然丝滑，画面中的机器人简直像从皮克斯的动画片中走出来一样。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"有人感叹，这是他们见过的最可爱但也最恐怖的景象。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"问题来了，我们需要恐惧越来越先进的 AI 与机器人吗？AI 会接管整个人类世界吗？更重要的是，它们会夺去我们的工作、甚至撬走我们的男\/女朋友吗？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"对此，我们决定展开研究并调查了 1200 多位受访者。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我们主要关注三大核心议题："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"人工智能要以怎样的形式激发起我们的信任？"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我们愿意将哪些责任委派给人工智能？"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"哪些职业将被机器人与 AI 软件自动化所取代？"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"下面来看这场"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.tidio.com\/blog\/ai-trends\/","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" AI 调查"}]},{"type":"text","text":"的主要发现。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"九大令人震惊的 AI 统计结论"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我们的调查显示，越来越多的人对将 AI 融入日常生活的思路抱有开放态度。他们并不介意由 AI 接管日常任务或参与决策过程。另一方面，AI 的广泛应用也引发了人们对于相关风险的怀疑与担忧。以下是与此相关的几种有趣趋势。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1.近 69% 的硕士毕业生认为 AI 可能在未来几年内取代他们的工作、或极大降低他们的专业竞争力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"拥有硕士学位的群体最害怕因为 AI 的发展而失业，其中约 68.5% 的受访者担心被 AI 方案所取代，其余受访者当中表示担心的比例则为 55%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.收银员、司机与翻译被列为最可能被 AI 技术替代的职业。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"收银员（63%）、司机（51%）与翻译（42%）被列为最可能被AI技术替代的职业。大约 25% 的受访者认为客户服务代表与库管员同样风险高企。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3.超过 45% 的受访者对由 AI 管控经济持积极态度。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"部分人认为 AI 的介入能够防止腐败并改善经济。约 45% 的受访者希望 AI 能够调整国家的财政政策及预算。尽管如此，这方面意见仍呈现出强烈的两极分化态势，近 29% 的人极力反对、认为这是个糟糕的主意。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4.超过 60% 的受访者愿意在交通拥堵时使用自动驾驶 AI 出租车。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在运输及物流方面，受访者们对于 AI 可谓充满信心。超过半数受访者并不介意乘坐自动驾驶出租车（60%）或由AI管理空中交通流量（57%）。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"5.人们对于 AI 将给就业市场造成负面影响的担忧，达到机器人公平待遇问题的 7 倍。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"根据 32% 的受访者所言，机器人权利——类似于人权或动物权利——并不是个太值得关注的问题。他们认为这也是AI发展领域最不重要的问题之一。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"6.近 78% 的受访者认为 AI 可被用于传播错误信息。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除了担心自己的工作被 AI 夺走（42%）或者被犯罪分子所利用（51%）之外，此次调查的受访者们还担心有人滥用 AI 技术来传播错误信息。大约 78% 的受访者坚信这将成为最主要的 AI 威胁；相比之下，只有 3% 的受访者认为 AI 会在上位之后报复人类。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"7.男性对 AI 的信任比例达到女性的两倍。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"男性对 AI 技术的信任度明显高于女性。在受访者中，愿意让 AI 机器人处理日常任务或者教育孩子的男性受访者比例达到女性受访者的约两倍。另外，男性似乎也不太关注 AI 技术带来的潜在威胁。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"8.男性受访者与机器人\/AI进行交互的意愿较女性高 20%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"很明显，现有机器人及 AI 成果对男性的吸引力要远高于女性。我们列出一系列示例并询问受害者是否愿意与其中的机器人开展交互。平均而言，65% 的男性受访者给出了肯定的答案，而女性受访者的接纳比例则只有 45%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"9.近 42% 的受访者愿意与人形机器人发生亲密关系。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"约42%的受访者愿意与机器人发生亲密关系，但只有 39% 的受访者相信自己能够与 AI 建立起情侣般的感情联系。此外，男性与女性受访者对这个问题的看法具有较大区别。男性更容易接受与机器人亲热（48%）以及建立情感联系（43%）。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/3a\/b3\/3ab1988d14bbb57f9795ed7ab338d6b3.jpg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"人工智能正在夺走工作岗位"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"根据牛津研究，随着计算机化的快速普及，美国目前约 47% 的就业岗位处于风险之下。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“我的工作会被机器人取代吗？”这个问题正威胁着越来越多职业领域。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而这同时也是个种族问题。正如《时代》杂志的 Alana Semuels 所指出，随着新冠疫情的突然爆发，不少有色人种与低薪雇员丢掉了工作。她强调，这个群体主要为“收银员、食品服务员、客户服务代表等受自动化威胁最大的 15 种典型职位。”如今，他们在二次就业方面又遇到了新的问题。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"因为这些岗位如今很可能被 AI 方案所全面接管。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"约 65% 的受访者怀疑自己可能在未来几年内因 AI 普及而失业。近 79% 的受访者认为必须高度关注快速自动化这股重大趋势。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"特斯拉公司 CEO 埃隆·马斯克曾经说过，“失业浪潮一定会到来，因为未来的机器人确实比人类表现更好。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我们询问了哪些职业最可能被自动化替代。作为一家为电子商务领域开发 AI 聊天机器人的企业，我们也意识到自身给就业市场带来的变化驱动力。从这个角度看，客户服务代表无疑将是被快速取代的岗位之一。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/7a\/f2\/7abdyy2bf5747da4cb0dfe6fcd7225f2.jpg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"收银员、司机和翻译等高人气岗位也逐渐走向自动化的道路。自助结账、自动驾驶卡车与实时翻译软件已经融入我们的日常生活。大部分受访者分别认为收银员和司机（63%与51%）是最可能被 AI 技术取代的岗位。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前，AI 领域的常见用例之一正是客户服务聊天机器人。它们使用机器学习和自然语言处理（NLP）识别出对话意图。聊天机器人能够即时分析消息并快速回答常见问题，企业则乐于使用它们来节约资金并改善客户体验。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"警察、医生和律师则被普遍视为能在 AI 革命当中"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/sDE1xx9GYjG5ZCVB5iy2","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"幸存下来的职业"}]},{"type":"text","text":"。这些对创造力有着较高要求的职业似乎更不容易受到 AI 技术带来的颠覆性影响。此外，分别有近 39% 与 36% 的受访者将艺术家与音乐家列为最不可能被 AI 取代的工作。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/26\/19\/260bd560b4b2e1ab42133046e7f26619.jpg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"虽然人工智能在法律及医疗保健领域发挥着越来越重要的作用，但 AI 和机器人往往是在专家与客户\/患者之间扮演着连接性的角色。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"由 Hanson Robotics 开发的机器人护士 Grace 更像是医院里的接待员，而远远称不上真正的护士。无论如何，大多数患者在看到它时都会感到不大舒服，这也是我们接下来要讨论的话题。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"令人不适的机器人与恐怖谷理论"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"执行复杂操作的机器学习算法极为抽象，但这也正是当今世界实现 AI 的基本方式。我们使用机器学习与神经网络，根据大量数据摸索出任务的自动化执行方法。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但如果我们想给 AI 赋予个性和实体，情况则会变得更为复杂。人类之间天然易于亲近，但对于类人机器却抱有一种本能的恐惧。从字面意义上来讲，我们的大脑会将机器人视为活生生的人类，而它们的机械特征则会成为恐惧的根源。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这种效应被称为"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/wiki.mbalib.com\/wiki\/%E6%81%90%E6%80%96%E8%B0%B7%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"恐怖谷理论"}]},{"type":"text","text":"。我们可以不断提升人形机器人的仿真水平与交互能力，但在这种能力达到某个临界点后，实际感受反而会快速下降。我们不再将其视为人形机器人，而是某种怪异、有缺陷的“人”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/35\/97\/3569ae08eaed59f3d412a3ccbfc32d97.jpg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前最受欢迎的设计是 Cortana 语音助手与机器狗 Spot。可以看到，进一步添加人类特征反而会降低 AI 方案的吸引力。有趣的是，女性受访者一般不太愿意与任何类型的机器人互动。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/01\/dd\/0123669caa96575b107642257e7130dd.jpg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"与女性受访者相比，具有男性特征的通用机器人对男性受访者明显更具吸引力。软银开发后款玩具式机器人虽然主打“卡通化”与“高冷”特色，但男性受访者们仍认为它要比空山基设计的性感机械更有吸引力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我们还要求受访者们对自己的选择做出解释，下图为大家在描述机器人时经常使用的词汇。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/b7\/05\/b727c47cc44e07b71400b83957091805.jpg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"很明显，AI 化身与机器人设计同我们的社会现实密切相关。机器人设计师可以使用拟人化的特征来表达诸如强大、乐于助人或亲和等品质，而这一切也是社会上常见的性别刻板印象息息相关。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“虚拟助手与聊天机器人为什么总是女性？因为人类社会认为女性更擅长扮演这些角色。另外，来自麻省理工学院的救援机器人 Hermes 与波士顿动力的跑酷机器人 Atlas 等实体机器人在体态与动作上则具有鲜明的男性化特征，这是不是因为运动和强壮会被人们默认视为典型的男性元素？”香港科技大学电子与计算机工程学教授帕斯卡尔·冯说道。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"你愿意让机器人独立为你做手术吗？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"对于跟智能机器交互，很多人仍然持怀疑态度。但展望未来，人们还是给机器人保留了很大的发挥空间。事实证明，只要够便捷、心理问题可以慢慢克服。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"下图为受访者们认为最适合 AI 解决方案的常见用途："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/c3\/a0\/c34104cb2cda01503403dd36e3285ea0.jpg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"可以看到，我们并不介意 AI 帮我们完成家务或者料理健康及安全事务。但在某些领域，用机器人全面取代人类的想法似乎仍面临障碍。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"首先就是几个世纪前的文学作品就曾经提到的人跟机器谈恋爱的故事。十九世纪的歌剧《霍夫曼的故事》与Fritz Lang导演的《大都会》都是塑造女性机器人的代表作品。尽管情趣机器人与女性聊天机器人越来越受欢迎，但社会仍普遍认为它们属于拜物行为的典型代表、不愿加以广泛接纳。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"人工智能危险吗？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在调查当中，不乏下图这种“害怕机器人挖个坑把我埋了”的戏谑态度。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/ac\/21\/acd3274c0e8585d8cb234f71af2b7d21.jpg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这当然只是玩笑。对智能机器的恐惧已经成为经久不衰的笑料，它更多只是种流行文化符号、而不算什么实际问题。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"约有57%的受访者认为不需要担心AI会报复人类。AI不太可能控制人类或者向人类宣战。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"AI带来的真正危险，可能与技术滥用犯罪或对劳动力市场的冲击有关。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/65\/db\/65a059a3f14806cf712e9ccebe3e43db.jpg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"约68%的受访者认为我们需要担心AI最终会被富人们全面控制。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在某种程度上，AI带来的真正威胁还体现为充当施展权力的工具。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近95%的受访者认为AI将帮助大型企业实现业务流程自动化，但认为AI能让普通人的生活更便捷的受访者只有70%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"通过整理调查结果，一位AI记者给出了总结性论断："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"人工智能是科幻小说中很容易让人联想到的一个分支。从外面看，人工智能一点也不性感；技术人员通常认为它可以轻易地创造、神秘和无法理解。很少有工程师声称理解它，但即使是这些人私下也表示很难从人工智能中提取意义。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"人工智能的进步是一个常数。只有前瞻性思维是能够计算的。我们可以成功预测我们过去几十年的趋势，但即使是最古怪的语言也已崩溃。从终结者电影到主题公园，人工智能来了，它很可怕。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"很明显，AI 在短时间内还不会夺走我们的工作。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"总结"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我们生活在一个充斥着重大技术变革的时代。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"对 AI 的恐惧是完全合理的。不同人群对于AI技术的接受度也值得深思——接受过良好教育的人群及女性对AI抱有明显的恐惧，这意味着技术可能再次成为加深社会分裂的因素。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前，特斯拉与马斯克开发的新机器人只能算是宣传噱头，可以理解成穿着戏服的小丑。而且，人们并不担心会有终结者式的AI机器人闯进自己家中并疯狂破坏。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但是——"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"对于相当一部分人群来说，AI革命可能会改变他们的工作及生活方式。在事情真正失控之前，我们可能需要对就业市场、教育或交通运输等领域出现的颠覆性变化抱有审慎的态度。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"报告原文："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.tidio.com\/blog\/ai-trends\/"}]}]}