2021年外包實踐正在發生的變化 | InfoQ行業洞察

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"2020年對大多數企業來說都不是輕鬆的一年。特別是，它們還沒有做好應對混亂時期的準備。許多企業陷入停滯，還有一些企業在經營、銷售和業務關係等方面出現下滑。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"沒有人預料到2020年會給所有垂直行業的企業帶來突如其來的挑戰、驚奇和顛覆。在許多部門，大流行病的影響仍未消除。外包行業也不例外。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"2020年第二季度，許多外包合同被取消或終止。然而，儘管存在不確定性，但仍然存在着繼續經營並保持競爭力的迫切需要。到今年下半年，一些企業開始重新信任外包公司，並續簽了合同，這些合同着重關注了業務連續性和風險管理。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"2021年，在當前的外包實踐中反映出過去一年來的一些變化，行業中也呈現出一些新的趨勢。"}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"業務連續性是外包的核心。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"網絡安全正成爲優先考慮的事。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"第四次工業革命和在外包中採用顛覆性技術正變得比以往任何時候都更加關鍵。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"考慮到全球經濟形勢的不確定性，成本再次成爲外包關係中的首要問題。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"近岸貿易日益突出，但回包的重要性仍在下降。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"在對最新的調查報告進行了一些深入研究後，我分析了2021年外包實踐的變化，內容如下。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"將安全服務外包給MSP越來越流行"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"2019冠狀病毒(COVID-19)大流行引發了一場數字革命，大多數企業在幾個月內完成了爲期五年的數字轉型。然而，隨着數字化的增加，也暴露出了更多的網絡攻擊的機會。Syntax的一項"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/info.syntax.com\/ebooks\/3\/syntax-it-trends-benchmark-report-2021","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"調查"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"顯示，大多數IT領導和決策者對他們當前的安全工具和實踐不滿意。在總共500名受訪的決策者中，83%的人計劃將他們的安全團隊從內部轉移到託管服務提供商(MSP)。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"自疫情爆發以來，網絡安全攻擊情況有所惡化。自2020年3月以來，超過77%的領導者經常遭受網絡安全攻擊。隨着他們擴大"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.classicinformatics.com\/blog\/digital-transformation-2020","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"數字轉型計劃"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"，威脅也在升級。IT領導希望提高組織在所有層面上的安全性——員工培訓、雲計算、業務連續性和災難恢復——而不僅僅是業務層面。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"56%的領導者甚至計劃將總預算的40%以上投資於將網絡安全外包給託管的服務提供商。大多數公司計劃從MSP購買威脅情報、機器人檢測和漏洞掃描。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"事實上，外包安全功能已經變得非常流行，到2022年，預計MSP市場將達到410億美元。IT外包公司將加緊提供更好的安全服務、安全架構和安全策略，以保護這個數字轉型時代的所有重要數據。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"業務連續性成爲外包關係的核心"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"在2020年，每個組織都在想一件事，那就是從低迷的業務黑暗期中恢復過來。但除了災後恢復，它們還必須應對業務增長的波動，並注重業務連續性。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"他們需要做出反應，進行改造，並回歸“新常態”，這被標榜財務風險。無論是在岸、近岸還是離岸，業務連續性迫使每一家企業都繼續進行外包，但出現了一些新的規定或政策變化。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"企業已經開始尋找外包合同，以應對世界陷入停滯時的封鎖或全球不確定性。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"無論初創企業、企業或中小企業有多猶豫、困惑或害怕，他們都在繼續推進自己的產品數字化轉型，避免成爲過去。他們加強了外包關係，以維持他們的業務，併爲未來任何中斷做好準備。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"在選擇供應商或外包合作伙伴時，業務連續性將是最重要的。除了評估IT外包公司的常見因素外，企業還關注他們在本地提供完全數據安全的能力。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"外包爲第四次工業革命做好了準備"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"在先進的技術方面，科技生態系統已經擁抱了第四次工業革命。但是外包社區仍然落後了一步。它仍然依靠人類完成大部分工作。隨着大流行迎來了工作的未來，外包也發生了變化。一種新的數字化外包模式應運而生，使外包方式可與第四次工業革命相提並論。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"隨着大多數企業接受了技術革命，外包商也在加緊準備。這些外包技術將使雙方變得更加靈活、有彈性、高效和多產，同時推動穩定的收入。在未來的時間裏，更多的組織正在戰略性地將這些不斷髮展的技術納入他們的策略。我們可以看到外包服務中應用的一些技術是："}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"雲計算：大多數企業都將外包實踐應用到雲計算中。難怪雲市場預計到2022年將達到3310億美元。雲存儲允許無縫協作，加速數字轉型。大多數企業都在永久啓用雲基礎設施，在外包中包含雲能力將使關係更加透明。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"5G網絡：提供快速無線網絡，5G在第四次工業革命中將外包提升到了一個新的水平。它使外包關係中的一切都變得更快：管理、溝通、協作、數據傳輸等等。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"物聯網：物聯網使外包社區的服務提供商能夠爲預測性維護提供準確的分析，優化網絡基礎設施，甚至得出BI見解。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"機器人流程自動化：一種新的數字化外包模式正在形成，軟件機器人正在取代很大一部分IT工作。大多數不需要人工干預的重複性工作都是由機器人完成的。這些人工智能機器人非常智能，不僅讓外包變得更精通技術，還有助於節省時間、成本和人力。"}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"可持續外包更加重要"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"大多數讀者在聽到可持續外包這個詞時，都會想到有利於環境的外包實踐。然而，在這裏，我們並不是在討論外包的這一方面。相反，我們談論的是一般實踐中的可持續性，既滿足當前的需求，又不影響未來的需求。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"企業現在期待在外包方面有更可持續的實踐，以繼續保持長期的關係。疫情迫使一些企業取消了與一些公司的外包合同，主要是因爲在不確定時期，企業對自己的項目沒有信心。今後，企業更注重與外包服務提供商建立戰略伙伴關係或價值網絡，以確保連續性。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#4a90e2","name":"user"}}],"text":"這些外包關係將不同於當前的方法。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"他們不會只專注於當前的項目，而是更寬泛的合作伙伴關係。一家大型外包公司的"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www2.deloitte.com\/us\/en\/pages\/operations\/articles\/global-outsourcing-survey.html","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"高級副總裁"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"說：“客戶不需要經典的供應商管理。他們希望供應商管理人員能夠理解技術，理解初創企業的生態系統，幫助找到業務解決方案，並管理內部利益相關者。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"兩家公司（外包服務提供商和買家）走到一起形成了一種有價值的關係。這將不再是一個短期的解決方案。買方在考慮到所有風險、變更和需求的情況下設定目標，然後在此基礎上構建並選擇正確的"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.classicinformatics.com\/software-development-outsourcing-guide#outsourcingstrategy","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"外包策略"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"。他們作爲戰略伙伴攜手合作，建立更牢固、持久的關係。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"新型冠狀病毒病後出現了新的近岸聖地"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"外包有三種方式：離岸、在岸和近岸。早些時候，離岸外包是最受歡迎的外包方式。然而，去年在很大程度上改變了這一點。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#4a90e2","name":"user"}}],"text":"印度等大多數外包目的地都處於完全封鎖狀態，許多IT公司都關閉了。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"企業極不情願地撤回了大多數項目，轉而尋找附近的公司。這增加了近岸外包的流行度。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近岸外包是什麼?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"近岸外包是一種外包形式，即公司與位於其附近國家的服務提供商合作。它們應該是處於同一個地區的不同的國家。例如，如果你在澳大利亞，你會把工作外包給新西蘭。雖然近岸外包能提供同樣的好處，但成本仍將是一個挑戰。這就是爲什麼許多公司選擇離岸外包。然而，考慮到這些國家的技術發展和爲了降低風險，企業現在正在本地區尋找人才。這反過來又導致近岸外包突然呈現出繁榮景象。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#4a90e2","name":"user"}}],"text":"像波斯尼亞和黑塞哥維那這樣的國家很快就成爲了西歐國家的近岸麥加。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"疫情爲這些國家打開了新的機遇之門。由於地理位置、母語更加接近，對文化更加熟悉，使更多的人轉向近岸居住。墨西哥和哥倫比亞等拉丁美洲國家也出現了"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/oxfordbusinessgroup.com\/news\/covid-19-and-nearshoring-which-latin-american-countries-are-set-boom","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"類似"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"的情況，這些國家呼籲美國公司進行大規模的近岸經營。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"在接下來的幾個月裏，東歐、拉丁美洲等地區的公司將會有大量的近岸投資機會。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"成本降低再次成爲外包的首要原因"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"外包最初是一種降低運營成本的方式。然而，隨着時間的推移，質量、人才短缺、IT基礎設施、速度等因素成爲了外包的驅動力。由於其他原因，成本成爲了一項附屬效益。在2018年"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www2.deloitte.com\/us\/en\/pages\/operations\/articles\/global-outsourcing-survey.html","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Deloitte"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"的一項調查中，成本不再是外包的關鍵目標。它被更快的上市時間、伸縮性、競爭優勢和更好的用戶體驗所取代。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"然而，2020年的調查顯示，降低運營成本再次成爲一個關鍵因素。企業現在根據降低成本的程度來選擇外包合作伙伴。這主要是因爲COVID-19大流行造成的經濟不確定性。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/imgopt.infoq.com\/fi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Sharma)"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"白天熱衷於寫作，晚上則熱衷於閱讀，她目前在全球網絡開發公司"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.classicinformatics.com\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Classic Informatics"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"負責內容營銷(Content Marketing)。她熱愛她的職業，她喜歡瞭解IT行業的最新動態和趨勢。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":5},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"原文鏈接："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.com\/articles\/outsource-practices-change-2021\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"How Outsourcing Practices Are Changing in 2021: An Industry Insight"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":5},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"譯者簡介："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"冬雨，小小技術宅一枚，從事研發過程改進及質量改進方面的工作，關注編程、軟件工程、敏捷、DevOps、雲計算等領域，非常樂意將國外新鮮的IT資訊和深度技術文章翻譯分享給大家，已翻譯出版《深入敏捷測試》、《持續交付實戰》。"}]}]}