阿里巴巴提出“好科技”：技术如何真正服务社会

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"目前数字技术正以新理念、新业态、新模式全面融入人类生产生活，带来广泛而深刻的影响。技术不止是满足对未来的好奇心，更要真正解决人类和社会重大的问题。2021年10月21日，InfoQ 联合阿里巴巴CTO办公室共同举办技术＆可持续发展论坛，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#171a1d","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"阿里巴巴集团CTO程立和多位专家"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一起深度探讨了关于技术如何助力社会可持续发展、如何为人类创造更好的未来的话题"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"极客邦科技创始人兼CEO、TGO 鲲鹏会发起人霍太稳作为全场主持，在开场时提到，去年九月，我国提出 2030 年实现\"碳达峰\"与 2060 年实现\"碳中和\"的目标。相应的，整个产业界围绕\"碳达峰\"、\"碳中和\"开展的可持续发展建设计划，也在快速落地。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"如何让我们的星球变得更加美好，让人类文明更加健康可持续，是当下很多人的课题之一。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"阿里巴巴相信并正在践行的“好科技”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"阿里巴巴集团首席技术官程立在主题为《科技创新和未来生活》的分享中提到，随着阿里巴巴的科技、业务、平台持续发展，一方面要深耕自立自强的高科技，同时持续践行“人人受益、责任担当、开放共享”的好科技。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"对于"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"好科技"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"，程立也从三方面解释其含义："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"第一，人人受益，科技应该从人出发，从人的需要出发，以人为本，为人服务；"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"第二，责任担当。科技必须能够承担起对未来的责任，承担起对整个全人类的责任；"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"第三，开放共享。需要靠大家共同的努力，搭建一个真正开放的、科学的平台，开放的生产力的平台，开放的创新平台。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"基于此，程立也分享了阿里目前在这三方面的具体内容："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在围绕“人”方面，针对听障人群沟通难的问题，达摩院正在研发虚拟数字人小莫，让机器产生手语、生成手语，同时还能让机器读懂手语，未来机器可以成为健听人群和听障人群之间的一个沟通桥梁。其次，目前中国60岁及以上老人有2.64亿，在2.64亿老年人里面有1507万或多或少地出现了老年痴呆的症状，达摩院的一些团队正在尝试通过人工智能技术帮助进行老年痴呆的及早发现和干预，尝试把原来靠人工询问、判断的问题逐步通过机器来做到。另外，阿里还在推动如何让数字服务不产生数字鸿沟，目前，阿里巴巴12款APP加入了无障碍行动，确保发布后能满足无障碍的要求，让每个人都平等享受技术带来的红利，每个重要的产品淘宝、高德、饿了么都发布了长辈版。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在探讨科技解决未来方面，阿里也有一些重要方向的实践：第一，AI earth 做了三年，持续在探索如何用数字技术解决包括环境、气象、水利、农业的问题；第二，在全社会关注的双碳大目标下，技术如何发挥更大作用？今年阿里巴巴内部直接提出了低碳的目标，还成立了专门的项目来做这件事情，对单位的交易笔数，对交易的GMV碳排放是多少提出了目标；第三，目前手机等数字成员们与人类的关系越来越密切，未来如何让我们的数字伙伴们变得更加可靠、可信、可用。阿里巴巴专门成立了人工智能治理和可持续发展实验室持续研究这些问题。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"未来，全社会的技术创新需要更加公开的基础科研、开放的创新平台、全球的协作以及科技价值的牵引。在开放共享方面，阿里希望和全社会共同努力，通过开源的方式，共同让科技变得更好，让人们的生活变得更好。也希望人才培养和科技普惠能够助力解决乡村振兴的问题。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"数字技术应对自然灾害"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在论坛上，更多专家学者和行业精英也在思考技术如何更好地为整个人类社会服务。在本次论坛上，南京大学大气科学学院教授、博士生导师雷荔傈就《数字气象技术助力气象防灾减灾》演讲为大家带来了数字技术如何应对自然灾害。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"雷教授对目前气候变化进行分析，指出气候变化带来一些问题：第一，极端天气事件发生概率进一步增加，第二，气候变化加剧荒漠化、土地退化和粮食安全风险。如今来看，我们在数值天气预报上依旧面临诸多挑战，但也窥见了其未来发展的几个方面：天气科学、数值模式、观测技术、同化系统、高性能计算。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"一方面我们身处大数据时代，对于大气科学而言，观测数据已实现量级增长，模式输出量也大大增加。同时我们迎来机器学习的爆发，机器学习无论在数值模式、数据通化、观测信息上面都发挥了重要作用。这里，雷教授也举了一个相关案例：降水短临预报，AI 的加入有效地延长了预报时效，优化了预报结构、范围和精度。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"基于大数据和数据驱动的天气科学，雷教授也对数字气象技术提出展望：一方面，理解大气动力和物理过程、设计未来观测网络、“混合”数据的数值模式和通化技术，另一方面，改善公众对极端天气气候事件的认知，增加城市化保障能力、提高防灾减灾能力。演讲最后，雷教授也加以总结，未来科学技术和行业一定是紧密结合的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"生物医药前沿分享"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"除了在应对自然灾害方面的思考，本次论坛中，中国科学院脑科学与智能技术卓越创新中心神经科学研究所高级研究员、博士生导师仇子龙也就《基因编辑与下一代生物医药》主题演讲为大家带来了生物医药前沿知识分享。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在生物医药史上，基因工程的诞生，使得人类可以生产蛋白质，进而生产蛋白质药物的王者—抗体药物，很大程度上推动了人类健康，那么未来人类药物又该如何发展呢？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"仇老师以基因编辑为例展开讨论，基因组编辑从2012年开始，在传统思维中，基因编辑是基因剪刀，但确切来说它不是剪刀，而是一把锤子，只能对定点的基因做破坏，而不能编辑。所以这也是摆在生物医药学者面前最大的难题：高效率的准确修复基因突变。为了解决这个难题，很多生物医药家在共同努力，迄今为止，已能够在小老鼠的视网膜里面把一个基因的点突变精确的修好。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"对于未来生物医药，仇老师同样提出几点展望：第一，对绝症大病进行慢性病管理，用基因治疗应对罕见遗传病等，第二，通过疫苗解决上医治未病，第三，实现人口健康大数据管理。目前，仇老师团队已联合其它团队在中国建立了最大规模的自闭症的基因数据库，并希望与阿里携手共同在云平台层面进行建立真正中国的大规模的遗传数据库。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"营造可持续城市与包容社区"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"北京城市象限科技有限公司创始人 CEO、北京社区研究中心主任茅明睿也就《可持续的城市与包容的社区》主题和大家一起分享了我们赖以生存的城市与社区正在发生的变化。其中，他提出联合国的一个议程——“新城市议程”，“新城市议程”并不是追求一个高品质的空间，而是关注未来城市建设和空间使用和分配的时候，应该遵循平等、包容、参与和可持续等等的原则。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"他以三个案例来介绍团队如何响应“新城市议程”：第一，关于盲杖的故事。我们都知道，汽车倒车雷达可以使我们通过听觉知道周围有什么障碍，而如果把这个雷达装到盲杖上，就有可能帮助盲人通过雷达波的反射，告诉他们在行走过程中遇到障碍的情况，实现声音导盲的服务，同时可以收集雷达反射波的数据和GPS的数据，通过算法合成得到结果来感知城市的无障碍建设现状；"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"第二，团队在政府的巡逻车装上传感器，在巡逻过程中，巡逻车化身移动的环境监测站，不停地采集各种各样的微观尺度的环境数据，把数据传到城市大脑系统，再部署相应的合成算法，就可以得到每小时一次，20米网格的环境监测，从而实现更微观尺度的时间分辨的结果；"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"第三，井点一号小微空间更新，首先通过对老年健身空间对面城市管理的摄像头做算法，去识别这个场地人的到访、停留。再次，在设计过程中，做一个多智能体模型，模拟不同的人跟场地提供不同的设施和布局之间互动情况，经过大量的模型测算推演出一个最优解，以此来做设计方案。最后，团队还利用摄像头做了目标跟踪的算法，测算出在场地上的分布情况，从而验证设计是否合理。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"通过以上三个案例的分析，茅老师也介绍了营造可持续和包容的城市与社区的三点原则："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"第一，人本，人本是所有价值观的内核；"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"第二，面向科学价值开展循证；"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"第三，面向民主价值，让“人”进行充分的参与，这样所做的技术、公共治理、规划的设计才会变成有利于“人”的设计。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"圆桌论坛"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在最后的圆桌论坛环节中，几位老师也针对目前遇到的实际问题展开激烈讨论，在茅老师看来，目前遇到的问题是价值观问题，具体在于科技落地的时候会遇到具体的部门利益以及诉求，而在雷教授看来目前最大的问题在于科学和技术和产业如何结合，迫切需要一个渠道将科研成果实现业务化，推向公众。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"面对诸多实际中的问题，阿里巴巴研究员、集群管理和研发效能负责人张𬍛（lì ）玶（ping）也从技术角度给予了解答，从算力角度来说，一方面算力需要高速增长，来满足应用的需要；另一方面，在算力的方向上，需要不断地把低成本和高效的算力提供出来。这些需求对科技公司提出了挑战，通过技术持续提升资源的利用率和效率，会是未来持续努力的方向。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"当前，新一轮科技革命和产业变革不断推进，科技同经济、社会、文化、生态深入协同发展，对人类文明演进和全球治理体系发展产生深刻影响。以科技创新推动可持续发展成为破解各国关心的一些重要全球性问题的必由之路。未来，期待更多的企业、学者、行业精英们一起加入，共同思考技术"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#666666","name":"user"}}],"text":"和社会可持续发展的结合方式和价值体现。"}]}]}