中芯国际再现人事地震，蒋尚义上任不满1年后辞职，到底发生了什么？

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"芯片巨头中芯国际再发生管理层巨震。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"中芯国际管理层巨震"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"11月11日晚，中芯国际发布公告宣布了几则大的人事变动："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"蒋尚义博士因希望有更多时间陪伴家人，辞任本公司副董事长、执行董事及董事会战略委员会成员职务，自2021年11月11日起生效。蒋尚义已确认其与董事会并无意见分歧。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"公司执行董事兼联合首席执行官梁孟松博士为了专注于履行其作为公司联合首席执行官的职责，辞任执行董事职务，自 2021年11月11日起生效。梁孟松已确认其与董事会并无意见分歧。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"周杰由于工作需要，辞任非执行董事、董事会薪酬委员会成员及董事会审计委员会成员职务，自 2021年11月11日起生效。杨光磊为了专注于其他业务，辞任独立非执行董事及薪酬委员会成员职务，自 2021年11月11日起生效。委任独立非执行董事范仁达和刘明担任薪酬委员会成员，自2021年11月11日起生效。委任独立非执行董事刘遵义教授担任审计委员会成员，自2021年11月11日起生效。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"中芯国际称，上述变化对公司经营管理没有重大影响。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但股价似乎早已感受到了“风吹草动”。11月11日，中芯国际早盘收涨逾1个百分点，但午后突然下挫，截至收盘报58.45元\/股，下跌1.57%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"中芯国际11月11日晚间公布的第三季度业绩显示，公司第三季度实现营业收入92.81亿元，同比增长21.5%；归属于上市公司股东的净利润20.77亿元，同比增长22.6%。公司第二季度的净利润为42.09亿元，据此计算，第三季度净利环比下降50.66%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"中芯国际管理层评论说：“中芯国际被美国列入‘实体清单’以来，公司的生产经营面临巨大挑战。从年初开始，我们聚焦保障生产连续性和持续产能扩充两大重点，重新梳理供应链，想方设法，优化采购流程、加快供应商验证、提高生产规划和工程管理。目前生产连续性已经基本稳定，成熟工艺扩产有序推进，整体扩产进度如期达成；先进工艺业务亦稳步提升。从二季度开始，针对产能紧张问题，我们进一步明确产能分配策略，为支持广大客户需求，有序调配产能、优化排产，从整机厂的角度看实际终端需求，尽公司最大努力，解决客户芯片短缺问题。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"中芯国际表示，四季度公司将继续保持成长势头，营业收入预计环比增长11%到13%，毛利率预计在31%到33%之间。展望明年，公司认为市场整体景气度依然向好，公司产能不能满足客户需求的情况预计将持续至明年全年。在今年快速成长的基础上，明年公司收入成长预计将不低于行业平均水平。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"中芯国际代董事长高永岗在中芯国际 2021 第三季度业绩交流会中表示，如公司公告内容，四位董事提出辞任，公司尊重辞任董事的意见，在此感谢他们为中芯国际的发展做出的贡献。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"高永岗称，梁孟松博士将专注于公司的联合首席执行官职责，蒋尚义博士将担任公司顾问，目前公司董事会由 11 人组成，与行业内其他公司董事会规模基本相当，短期内公司不会增加董事人数，上述变化对公司经营管理没有重大影响。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"任期尚未满一年，蒋尚义为何放弃400万年薪离开？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这次中芯国际的管理层人事变动中，最出人意料的是蒋尚义的离开。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2020年12月15日，蒋尚义被任命为中芯国际董事会副董事长、第二类执行董事及战略委员会成员。当时的公告称，蒋尚义有权根据聘用合约获得年度固定现金酬金计67万美元(约合人民币428万元)及年度激励。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"截止目前，蒋尚义在中芯国际本次任期尚未满一年。上任未满一年，放弃400多万年薪，蒋尚义选择离开，这不禁令人猜想到底发生了什么？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"现年75岁的蒋尚义是芯片行业的领军人物。此前他曾在台积电先后担任研发副总裁、首席运营官等职，曾牵头了台积电20nm及16nm FinFET 等关键节点的研发，使台积电的行业地位从技术跟随者发展为技术引领者。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2013年，蒋尚义从台积电COO的职位上退休，但后续会担任台积电董事长顾问。之后，他出任中芯国际独立非执行董事及武汉弘芯半导体制造有限公司首席执行官。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2020年12月蒋尚义离开武汉弘芯半导体回到中芯国际。这一度引发了中芯国际的人事巨震，即当时轰动业界的“蒋来梁走”事件。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"中芯国际聘任蒋尚义之时，梁孟松向董事会递交了书面辞呈。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"当时，市场流传出的信函中，梁孟松表示，自己临时才知道“蒋先生即将出任公司副董事长一职”，“对此，我感到十分错愕与不解，因为我事前对此事毫无所悉。我深深的感到已经不再被尊重与不被信任。” 根据中芯国际的公告，对于委任蒋尚义副董事长、执行董事的议案，梁孟松给出了“无理由投弃权票”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这一封辞职信发出后威力不小。中芯国际市值一天内蒸发了 248 亿。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"后来，中芯国际为挽留梁孟松开出了丰厚的条件。今年 3 月 31 日，中芯国际公告显示，截至 2020 年 12 月 31 日，梁孟松仍为公司执行董事、联席 CEO。报告还提到，2020 年曾向公司的联席 CEO 梁孟松博士赠予了一套价值约 2250 万元（含税）的住房，房子的具体价格是 2247.1 万元。此外，梁孟松的薪资从 34 万美金年薪涨到了 153 万美金，翻了 4 倍多。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"今年6月，中芯国际股东大会批准了关于公司《2021 年科创板限制性股票激励计划（草案）》的议案。其中，建议授出 40 万股限制性股票给梁孟松的议案获通过。激励计划议案显示，中芯国际董事长周子学、副董事长兼执行董事蒋尚义与联合首席执行官兼执行董事赵海军、梁孟松这四人均拿到 40 万股限制性股票；首席财务官兼执行董事高永岗和技术研发执行副总裁周梅生各拿到 36 万股限制性股票等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"伴随着梁孟松留任，事情迎来转机。“蒋来梁走”人事地震暂告一段落，中芯国际同时拥有了“蒋梁”两位大牛，外界看来，似乎实现了双赢。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但仅不到1年，蒋尚义选择了离开。这其中的原因或许没有“陪伴家人”那么简单。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"管理问题积弊已久，各派系利益盘根错节"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"事实上，中芯国际的管理问题积弊已久。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"20 年来，中芯国际发展历史上经历过 4 任董事长、5 轮 CEO，掌门人几度更替，内争不断。企业内部派系众多，台湾系、海龟系、本土系难容水火，利益盘根错节。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2000 年，后来被誉为“中国半导体之父”的张汝京带着数百名半导体工程在上海创办了中芯国际。在张汝京领导下，中芯国际发展快速，从打下第一根桩开始，仅用了 13 个月就开始投片试产，2003 年，中芯国际发展成为全球第四大芯片代工厂。次年 3 月，中芯国际在美国和香港同时上市，一时间风光无两。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"早期如此快的发展速度得益于张汝京引多方外资入股的模式。当时为避开《瓦森纳协定》的技术封锁，张汝京引入了高盛、祥峰投资、汉鼎亚太、德意志管理基金等一批外资股东。到在美上市时，中芯国际的股东数量多达 75 个。数量多也意味着利益复杂，这也为后来的内部控制权纷争埋下了伏笔。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"危机很快到来。自 2003 年底开始，台积电以技术侵权、窃取商业机密为由多次将中芯国际告上法庭，2005 年 1 月，双方达成和解，官司以中芯国际赔偿台积电 1.75 亿美元暂告一段落；2009 年，双方又打了 4 年官司后，中芯国际在与台积电的专利侵权案中败诉，这次不但赔了款还交出了 10% 的股权，损失巨大。不久之后，张汝京递上了辞呈。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"创始人张汝京的离开，对于中芯国际来说，意味着一个时代结束了。灵魂人物的离开也让这家企业变得更加动荡了起来。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2009 年，一直擅于平衡各方势力的中芯国际原董事长江上舟病逝，中芯国际内部的各种矛盾一触即发，以总裁兼 CEO 王宁国为代表的台系力量，与以 COO 杨士宁为代表的海龟系之间的“王杨之争”愈演愈烈，双方打得不可开交。据悉，当王宁国被投票出局前后，曾一度引发了多达 90 多位台籍干部密集出走。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"最终二人双双辞职，两败俱伤。原先跟随张汝京一起创业的元老邱慈云成为新任掌门，这场派系斗争才落下帷幕。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2017 年，中芯国际首度实行双 CEO 模式，聘任赵海军出任中芯国际 CEO，前台积电资深研发处长梁孟松担任联合 CEO。近几年，有一些传闻称两位 CEO 不合。2020年，“蒋来梁走”事件又引发市场变动。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"错综复杂的派系斗争为中芯国际带来了很多负面影响，一个问题是，降低了研发效率，拖慢了芯片工艺研发进程。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另一方面也损失了众多顶尖人才。吴寒（化名）是中芯国际最早的一批员工之一，他 2002 年回国加入中芯国际，后来他因管理层之争而离开。“我的上司被因高层派系斗争被‘赶’走了，管理层变化严重影响了我的团队，后来我实在忍不了这种企业文化和管理方式就走了”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但企业文化复杂、管理层内部利益掣肘等交织下，要想彻底改变非常之难。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"参考链接："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/baijiahao.baidu.com\/s?id=1716148943997481088&wfr=spider&for=pc","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/baijiahao.baidu.com\/s?id=1716148943997481088&wfr=spider&for=pc"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/jbKRfvitzGNMq2VCUVkd","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/jbKRfvitzGNMq2VCUVkd"}]}]}]}