一千个人眼中，有一千个元宇宙

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"现在，阿弘正朝“大街”走去，那是 Metaverse 的百老汇，Metaverse 的香榭丽舍大道。它是一条灯火辉煌的主干道，反射在阿弘的目镜中，能够被眼睛看到，能够被缩小、被倒转。它并不真正存在，但此时，那里有数百万人在街上往来穿行。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这个来自《雪崩》的场景，一时间出现在各种网络媒体、博客和公开演讲中，迅速传遍互联网，为无数人知晓。"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/c0\/c0f3cbb24afbe8086bf651492b6ee86e.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"《雪崩》"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"《雪崩》是一本出版于 1992 年的科幻小说。在小说中，尼尔·斯蒂芬森不仅对未来技术进行了一番赛博朋克式的探索：智能手机、虚拟现实和数字货币等，而且"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"第一次提出 Metaverse，即元宇宙"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"30 年后的今天，元宇宙概念突然火了：大到 A 股上市公司的概念，小到大家吃饭喝茶时的谈资，都与元宇宙有关。例如，中青宝凭借一款元宇宙游戏《酿酒大师》，5 个交易日大涨 116%。资本市场被瞬间点燃。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"从沉寂到爆发，2021 年元宇宙概念的升温有三个重要节点："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3 月，Roblox 在美国纽交所上市，首日市值突破 380 亿美金，元宇宙第一股诞生。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"它率先引爆元宇宙概念"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"7 月与 8 月，先是 Facebook 宣布五年内转型成为元宇宙公司，之后，字节跳动耗资 15 亿美元收购 Pico。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"元宇宙热度进一步提升"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"10 月与 11 月，阿里成立 XR 实验室，专注基于 AR、VR 相关的技术研究；Facebook 在 Connect 年度大会上宣布公司改名为“Meta”；微软则在 Ignite 2021 发布”Mesh for Teams“。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"元宇宙概念步入高潮"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"结果是，一方面，诸多公司纷纷进军元宇宙，提升了元宇宙热度；另一方面，元宇宙概念越来越火，又带动了更多公司入场。但是，谈起元宇宙，人们依然有很多疑问："},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"元宇宙是什么？元宇宙是风口，还是泡沫？元宇宙会改变什么？......"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/ed\/ede2df9da7fe80f39ff6736d5ca59eda.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"华为云联创营元宇宙高峰论坛"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"11 月 27 日，InfoQ、华为云联创营、清华大学新闻学院新媒体研究中心携手举办了元宇宙高峰论坛，汇集学术界、产业界、科技界和投资界大咖，包括清华大学新闻学院教授、博导沈阳、Unity 大中华区技术总监孙志鹏、华为云架构与技术创新部高级专家尹青等，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"拨开元宇宙层层迷雾"},{"type":"text","text":"，与更多技术同行者共同探讨元宇宙发展趋势。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一千个人眼中有一千个元宇宙"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"由于元宇宙仍处于初期，且缺乏公认的权威定义，所以许多人心中只有模糊的概念。以至于 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"人人都在谈论元宇宙"},{"type":"text","text":"，但 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"每个人所说的元宇宙又不尽相同"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在小说《雪崩》里，元宇宙指的是一个沉浸式的数字环境，人们在其中凭借化身展开互动。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"信通院云大所云计算部副主任陈屹力表示，元宇宙的本质是以人为中心，利用数字技术构建一个与现实世界连接的虚拟世界。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"华为云架构与技术创新部高级专家尹青则认为，元宇宙的持续发展必然离不开创新性技术的突破。因为一直以来，创新性技术都是社会进步的驱动力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果说尹青和陈屹力从科技视角表达了对元宇宙的理解，那么清华大学新闻学院教授、博导沈阳则从学术界角度指出："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"元宇宙是整合多种新技术而产生的新型虚实相融的互联网应用和社会形态。它基于扩展现实技术提供沉浸式体验，基于数字孪生技术生成现实世界的镜像，基于区块链技术搭建经济体系，将虚拟世界与现实世界在经济系统、社交系统、身份系统上密切融合，并且允许每个用户进行内容生产和世界编辑。他说：“世界上，没有一种技术叫元宇宙，它只是一个概念。这个概念需要把多种技术整合起来。同时，这些技术要不断升级和完善，最终为用户所用。”"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这些观点各有侧重，视角也不同，但极大扩展了我们对元宇宙的理解与认识。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在本文，我们理解"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"元宇宙更像是下一代互联网，它是人类的数字化发展过程。当有一天，人们的数字生活价值大于物理生活的那一刻来临"},{"type":"text","text":"，这意味着"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"我们可能正式跨入元宇宙时代"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"面对元宇宙，人人都在“盲人摸象”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"当前，由于元宇宙发展仍处于早期，所以没有人可以准确地描绘出元宇宙全景。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如今，我们可以经常看到元宇宙的字眼，如 Soul 的品牌口号已调整为“年轻人的社交元宇宙”、Roblox 被称为“元宇宙雏形”。但是，这些可能并不全面。虽然这每一个都有可能是元宇宙的一部分，但它们实际上并非元宇宙。换言之，我们"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"每个人谈到元宇宙时都是“盲人摸象”"},{"type":"text","text":"，“只见树叶，不见森林”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不少人认为元宇宙是一个虚拟世界，或者被视为游戏、虚拟现实应用、数字与虚拟经济。但果真如此吗？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"沈阳在华为云联创营元宇宙高峰论坛上直言，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"元宇宙不是虚拟世界"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"虚拟世界的典型代表是游戏，比如《Second Life》。它发布于 2003 年，拥有更强的世界编辑功能与发达的虚拟经济系统，吸引了大量企业与教育机构。人们可以在里面生活，有工作、有爱好、有关系、有住处，甚至还能建立和定制个人空间。例如，BBC、路透社、 CNN 等报社在游戏中发布新闻资讯；IBM 在游戏中购买地产，建立自己的销售中心。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"沈阳认为，元宇宙 = 虚拟世界 x 现实世界。这意味着，相比虚拟世界，元宇宙的范围更大，它要求 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"虚拟世界与现实世界有更多的互联互通"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"元宇宙也不是一类虚拟现实应用"},{"type":"text","text":"。扎克伯格表示，不能把元宇宙等同于虚拟现实。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/9e\/9edc4575d00ac7faa879b4ffce53852a.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"事实上，作为一种体验虚拟世界的方式，人们通过 VR 寻求全新的娱乐体验，比如看电影、玩游戏等。但是，拥有 VR 设备的用户数并不多，除了游戏和电影，VR 的应用场景依然有限。应用场景的局限注定它无法代表元宇宙，而只是元宇宙的一角。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"元宇宙不是一种数字与虚拟经济"},{"type":"text","text":"。以“Roblox”为例，它有自己的经济系统。玩家可以通过叫做 Robux 的货币来购买游戏道具，开发者也可以用自己赚取的 Robux 购买平台的竞价广告位，或是其他人制作的开发资源，一切都可以在 Robux 内部流转，而且 Robux 还能与现实货币双向兑换。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"事实上，除了 Roblox，以前的《Second life》和《魔兽世界》等游戏早已出现正常运作的经济，真人用虚拟商品换取真金，或执行虚拟任务换取真金。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"元宇宙不是一款大型多人游戏"},{"type":"text","text":"。游戏是逃避现实、给定任务、被动消费，但元宇宙却是与现实联通、开放式探索和创造性游玩，虽然元宇宙涉及游戏化，但它并非一款游戏，也不是围绕某个具体目标。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"综上，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"元宇宙不是一款游戏、虚拟现实应用或数字与虚拟经济"},{"type":"text","text":"。这就好比说互联网，不能说《堡垒之夜》、Facebook 或谷歌就完全代表互联网一样。其实，互联网是一套广泛的协议、技术、管道和语言，再加上访问设备和内容，以及它们上面的通信体验。元宇宙也将是这样。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"元宇宙打破互联网内卷"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2021 年，被许多人称为“"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"元宇宙元年"},{"type":"text","text":"”。朱嘉明说：“元宇宙呈现出超出想象的爆发力，其背后是相关元宇宙要素的‘群聚效应（Critical Mass）’，近似 1995 年互联网所经历的‘群聚效应’。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"从 1992 年到 2021 年，元宇宙为何在今年火起来？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"自 2007 年乔布斯发布第一代 iPhone，时间已经过去十四年。这十四年，互联网由 PC 时代步入移动时代，智能手机成为划时代产品，对人类社会产生深远影响。但是，最近几年，智能手机的创新越来越少，更新主要表现为电池续航时间长一点、CPU 性能提升一点或像素增加一点。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"沈阳说：“为什么现在元宇宙这么火呢？很大程度上，如果不火反而不正常。如果说我们现在不往元宇宙方向走，人类将会停滞在手机阶段。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"因此，这是技术在渴望新产品。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"同时，从用户体验角度，从按键到触屏，智能手机带来交互方式的变革。但是，触屏交互带给用户的体验依然有限，用户期待具身交互、实时沉浸的全新体验。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在共享单车、短视频和社区团购风口后，资本正寻找新出口。现实世界与虚拟世界融合的元宇宙，可以创造新需求，带来新的商业机遇，以场景化社交、虚拟服装、虚拟土地、线上聚会等现实叠加虚拟可以打开广阔的商业潜能。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除了 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"技术渴望新产品、资本寻找新出口和用户期待新体验"},{"type":"text","text":"，元宇宙火热的另一大重要原因是 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"互联网产业当前陷入内卷状态"},{"type":"text","text":"，“在内容载体、传播方式、交互方式、参与感和互动性上长期缺乏突破，导致‘没有发展的增长’”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"所以，元宇宙可能打破现有桎梏，带领人类走出互联网内卷，进入新世界。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"从概念到落地：关键技术和应用场景是元宇宙突破口"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"从理论变成现实，元宇宙需要较长时间。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"信通院云大所云计算部副主任陈屹力在元宇宙高峰论坛上指出：元宇宙尚处于早期阶段，关键技术和应用场景是重要突破口。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"换言之，元宇宙想从理论变成现实，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一靠关键技术，二靠应用场景"},{"type":"text","text":"。关键技术的突破或新技术的出现，可以变革现有商业模式，创造新需求。而新的应用场景，则可以刺激技术的迭代升级，让技术实现飞速发展。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"以数字人为例，受益于 CG+AI 技术发展，近年来数字人技术进步很大，但整体仍处于初级阶段，依然面临众多挑战，如建模或重建精度不足，表情 \/ 动作不自然，技术门槛和制作成本高，自动化程度低（需要大量艺术家人工参与调校），难以规模化生产，无法满足未来千行百业对数字人的批量生产需求。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"随着 AI 重建 \/ 渲染、NLP 自然语言处理、语言识别、计算机视觉等人工智能技术的应用拓展，数字人正朝智能化、便捷化、精细化和多样化发展。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/78\/78056654290df51247875a2824ff58f3.webp","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"某种意义上，元宇宙是一系列技术的“"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"连点成线"},{"type":"text","text":"”，能够带来超越想象的潜力，驱动产品创新和商业模式创新。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果具备了技术和应用场景，那么，哪个行业可能会率先落地元宇宙？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前，笔者更看好游戏行业。一方面，Roblox 的成功上市，表明了资本市场对“元宇宙”概念的认可；另一方面，游戏所营造的虚拟世界、身份、互动性和经济系统被视为元宇宙的重要因素。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在元宇宙高峰论坛的小组讨论中，有多人也认同元宇宙概念会先在游戏行业落地。一方面是，游戏公司资金实力雄厚，愿意在元宇宙投入更多金钱和精力，比如腾讯、网易、米哈游都已在元宇宙上布局；另一方面，技术积累在游戏领域的应用更加明显，例如美国歌手 Travis Scott 在游戏《堡垒之夜》举办虚拟演唱会，1230 万游戏玩家成为虚拟演唱会观众。同时，元宇宙现有的场景形态主要体现在游戏领域。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外，元宇宙要求更高的沉浸式体验，而游戏在这个领域一直有积累，相比其他行业或领域，有更大优势。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另一种观点认为元宇宙的第一个大的应用场景是企业级服务市场，而非游戏市场。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"为什么这么说？美国独立专栏作家本·汤普森认为，从历史上看，新技术的采用，都需要某种强制功能。例如，个人电脑，首先被企业采用，因为它们提高了生产力，后来，又被已经在工作中体验过个人电脑的消费者所采用（一般来说，总有例外，智能手机的发展方向，就正好相反）。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"他写道：这就是为什么对制造消费产品没有真正概念的微软，为何能短暂地成为消费计算强国的原因：IBM 赠与微软的 PC 垄断，意味着 Windows PC 是家庭的明显选择。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"当然，由于元宇宙发展仍处于早期，我们无法预判元宇宙会率先在某个具体行业落地，但是变革前，每一个行业都有机会，而游戏、社交和企业级服务市场的机会可能更大。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"元宇宙的价值在于“连接”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"元宇宙不仅实现了人类感官维度的拓展，而且现实世界与虚拟世界的融合，极大拓展了人类的生存维度。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"举个例子，现在由于疫情，人们无法去国外旅行，但是通过元宇宙，人们可以领略世界各地的风光，观赏埃及金字塔，或与南极企鹅一起感受极地之寒，听狂风呼啸。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"互联网连接了人与人，让信息不再受限于时间和空间；元宇宙将连接人、事、物，让万物不再受限于时间和空间。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"比如，一个人现在学车时间长，花费高，如果是上班族，还得请假去练车。即使到驾校，还得排队，因为好几人共用一辆车。从报名到领证，少则 1 个月，长则半年或一年。如果在元宇宙里，学车这件事变得非常简单，你可以通过设备接入元宇宙里，随时随地练习开车，或许 10 分钟就能学会开车。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"元宇宙是一系列技术的“连点成线”，能够带来超越想象的潜力，驱动产品创新和商业模式创新。正如中信证券在一份研究报告所言，“届时，更多工作和生活将数字化，在线时间显著增长、三维数字世界、高智能度 AI 等都将带来人类数字经济高度繁盛”。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"写在最后"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"元宇宙是一个经典概念的重生，它代表了人们对数字化生存的向往。从当下到元宇宙，人们还有很长的路要走。这个过程中，创新平台与技术发挥着桥梁的作用，连接过去与未来，连接虚拟与现实，连接“人与万物”，当人与万物都能在一个平台实现“连接”后，“元宇宙”也就真的到来了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"作为技术发展的推动者，技术从业者在元宇宙上，只有多与他人交流和分享，共同探讨未来技术的可能性，方可寻到一条清晰的发展路径。而 InfoQ 此次联合华为云联创营共同举办元宇宙高峰论坛，旨在为技术从业者们提供一个交流元宇宙的场合，通过各个行业的大咖分享，拓展技术人视野，让他们比别人更早一点看到未来方向，从而在技术创新之路上走得更快、更远。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"华为云联创营，是以云、AI、音视频等创新技术为底座，与众多创新型企业 \/ 伙伴一起，进行商业场景共探、创新 SaaS 应用孵化的一个平台。通过技术协同、资源互补与品牌联动三大价值，实现华为云与伙伴之间的共创、共赢，同时共同推动产业数字化升级。"}]}]}]}