{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"作者：JackTian","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"来源：公众号「杰哥的IT之旅」","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"ID：Jake_Internet","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"转载请联系授权（微信ID：Hc220088）","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"原文地址：","attrs":{}},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/p9WlxEBfFj0h7IQIOa9Xqw","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/p9WlxEBfFj0h7IQIOa9Xqw","attrs":{}}]}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"大家好，我是杰哥。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在 Linux 操作系统下，我们经常使用 cat 命令去连接多个文件并打印到标准输出，合成几个文件为一个目标文件，追加几个文件到目标文件中。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"最近我在 GitHub 上发现了一个具有相似作用的命令叫做 “","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Bat","attrs":{}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"”，它是 cat 命令的替代品，具有一些例如","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"语法高亮","attrs":{}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"、 ","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Git 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操作系统的默认软件源中进行获取，可直接使用 pacman 命令在任何基于 Arch 的系统上来安装它。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"text"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"pacman -S bat","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Fedora","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"text"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"dnf install bat","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"macOS","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"brew install bat","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Ubuntu 21.10","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我是通过 Ubuntu 环境下安装的 bat，从 bat 的发布页面下载","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":".deb","attrs":{}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"文件，可执行如下命令进行下载和安装。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"text"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"sudo apt-get install wget\nwget https://github.com/sharkdp/bat/releases/tag/v0.18.3/bat_0.18.3_amd64.deb\nsudo dpkg -i bat_0.18.3_amd64.deb","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"对于其他系统，也许需要从软件源编译并安装，或参考 GitHub 上 bat 的其他操作系统安装方式。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"bat 命令的使用","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"bat 命令的使用与 cat 命令的使用非常相似。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"使用 bat 命令创建一个新文件：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"bat > jiaoben1.sh","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"使用 bat 命令查看文件内容:","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"bat jiaoben1.sh","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"使用 bat 命令同时查看多个文件：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"bat jiaoben1.sh jiaoben2.sh","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"使用 bat 命令将多个文件的内容合并到一个单独的文件中：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"bat jiaoben1.sh jiaoben2.sh > test.txt","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"上述介绍了 bat 创建新文件、查看文件内容、将多个文件的内容合并到一个单独的文件中的方式。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"接下来，我们就来看一下 bat 命令一些非常酷的特性。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"bat 命令支持大多数编程和标记语言的语法高亮，那么我们就来使用 cat 和 bat 命令展示下 jiaoben1.sh 里面的内容做个鲜明的对比。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/c0/c09b2479b8cb4e22a8049644aed2e885.gif","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"可以看出，cat 命令以纯文本格式显示文件的内容，而 bat 命令显示了语法高亮和整齐的文本对齐格式。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"从上面 bat 命令的输出，可以看出是有表格线的，如果你只想显示行号（而没有表格）可以使用","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"-n","attrs":{}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"参数来实现，虽然 cat 执行也会显示行号，但还是没有 bat 执行输出后的效果美观。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"text"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"bat -n jiaoben2.sh","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/0f/0f87a007ded1c2b15457e73b720ab31b.gif","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"bat 命令支持 Git 集成，可以轻松查看和编辑 Git 存储库中的文件，bat 与 Git 连接可显示关于索引的修改。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/a0/a0b3679df51ebf393d1073c839392d5d.webp","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"bat 支持自动分页，这点特性也是需要值得注意的。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"支持分页意思也就是说，当文件的输出内容超出屏幕显示的时候，bat 命令会自动将自己输出的内容传到 less 命令中，你将可以使用回车键一页一页的查看输出内容，使用空格键可直接跳转至文末最后一行。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"当你使用 bat 命令时这些都是不必要的，bat 命令将自动传输跨越多个页面的文件的输出。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"bat jiaoben3.sh","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/c7/c797db5fc451b18158096e2268610a63.gif","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"对比下 cat 命令，查看 jiaoben3.sh 跨多个页面文件内容时，提示符会直接跳到文件的最后一页，将无法看到跨多个页面文件开头及中间部分的内容。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"cat jiaoben3.sh","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/dc/dc57b7c0be968bf78f057a19ac5545c2.gif","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果你想要通过 cat 来实现 bat 命令的效果，则需要去使用 cat 的输出传输到 less 命令中去，这样就可以从开头部分一页一页的查看内容了。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"cat jiaoben3.sh | less","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/0d/0d2e110d8921443c0a1869f092eb5cca.gif","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"同样，这种方式也是可以使用回车键一页一页的查看输出内容以及使用空格键可直接跳转至文末最后一行。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"bat 定制主题","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前 bat 定制主题有 24 种，包括：Coldark-Cold、GitHub、Monokai Extended Light、OneHalfDark、Solarized (light)、TwoDark、Visual Studio Dark+、base16、zenburn 等；","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果你不喜欢默认主题，也是可以根据自己的风格进行修改，只需执行：","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"bat --list-themes","attrs":{}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"命令，即可显示可用的主题。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"text"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"# bat --list-themes\nTheme: 1337\n\n // Output the square of a number.\n fn print_square(num: f64) {\n let result = f64::powf(num, 2.0);\n println!(\"The square of {:.2} is {:.2}.\", num, result);\n }\n\n......","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"例如你要选择","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Dracula","attrs":{}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"主题，可直接执行：","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"bat --theme=Dracula 文件名","attrs":{}}],"attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/40/4060de17c2f2ecd8ffa2b8989d85988f.webp","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果你想永久改变某一个主题，可使用","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"export BAT_THEME=\"Dracula\"","attrs":{}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"在你的 shell 启动文件，以使更改为永久。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"您可以使用","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"--style","attrs":{}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"参数选项来控制","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"bat","attrs":{}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"输出的外观，配置元素包括：","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"行号、文件头、网格边框、Git修改","attrs":{}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"来显示除文件内容之外的东西，参数是一个逗号分隔的列表。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"--style=numbers,changes","attrs":{}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"可以使用仅显示 Git修改和行号，而不显示网格和文件标题，设置","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"BAT_STYLE","attrs":{}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"环境变量以使这些更改为永久。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"关于更多 bat 的使用方法可通过执行命令","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"man bat","attrs":{}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"或","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"bat --help","attrs":{}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除此之外，也可以通过 bat 项目的 GitHub 库查看更多详细信息，我用过 bat 后就不会再想用回 cat 了！","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"二、duf","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在 Linux 环境下，我们知道 df 命令是用于显示磁盘分区上可使用的磁盘空间，默认显示单位为 KB，你还可以利用该命令来获取硬盘被占用了多少空间，目前还剩下多少空间等信息。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"# df\nFilesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on\n/dev/sda3 18439940 4943264 12559972 29% /\ntmpfs 506176 76 506100 1% /dev/shm\n/dev/sda1 99150 30003 64027 32% /boot\n/dev/sr0 4363088 4363088 0 100% /media/CentOS_6.5_Final","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除此之外，du 命令也是查看使用空间的，但与 df 命令不同的是 Linux du 命令是对文件和目录磁盘使用的空间的查看，和 df 命令还是有一些区别的。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"# du\n4 ./.abrt\n8 ./.dbus/session-bus\n12 ./.dbus\n4 ./.nautilus\n40 ./.local/share/gvfs-metadata\n24 ./.local/share/applications\n68 ./.local/share\n72 ./.local","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"接下来就跟大家介绍一款终端工具，你可以理解为传统的 Linux 命令 df 和 du 整合版 —— duf。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"duf 是一个用 Golang 编写的跨平台磁盘使用情况工具，可以让你轻松地检查可用磁盘空间，对输出进行分类，并以用户友好的方式进行呈现，适用于 Linux、Windows、macOS、Android、FreeBSD；","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Ubuntu 安装方式：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"$ sudo apt install gdebi\n#如果报错，Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com......\n# sudo apt-get update\n\n$ sudo gdebi duf_0.5.0_linux_amd64.deb\n#要先在下载duf_0.5.0_linux_amd64.deb，下载地址为:https://github.com/muesli/duf/releases/download/v0.5.0/duf_0.5.0_linux_amd64.deb","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"MacOS 安装方式：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"#先安装Homebrew，按照提示安装即可。\n/bin/zsh -c \"$(curl -fsSL https://gitee.com/cunkai/HomebrewCN/raw/master/Homebrew.sh)\"\n\n#安装duf\nbrew install duf\n\n#或者\nsudo port selfupdate && sudo port install duf","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Windows 安装方式：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"choco install duf\n\n#或者\n\nscoop install duf","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"安装完毕后，可直接使用 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10 款你不知道的 Linux 环境下的替代工具！
{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"作者：JackTian","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"来源：公众号「杰哥的IT之旅」","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"ID：Jake_Internet","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"转载请联系授权（微信ID：Hc220088）","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"原文地址：","attrs":{}},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/p9WlxEBfFj0h7IQIOa9Xqw","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/p9WlxEBfFj0h7IQIOa9Xqw","attrs":{}}]}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"大家好，我是杰哥。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在 Linux 操作系统下，我们经常使用 cat 命令去连接多个文件并打印到标准输出，合成几个文件为一个目标文件，追加几个文件到目标文件中。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"最近我在 GitHub 上发现了一个具有相似作用的命令叫做 “","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Bat","attrs":{}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"”，它是 cat 命令的替代品，具有一些例如","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"语法高亮","attrs":{}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"、 ","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Git 集成","attrs":{}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"和","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"自动分页","attrs":{}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"等非常酷的特性。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在这篇文章中，就来给大家介绍下如何在 Linux 中安装和使用 bat 命令。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一、bat","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"安装 bat","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Arch Linux","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"bat 可以在 Arch Linux 操作系统的默认软件源中进行获取，可直接使用 pacman 命令在任何基于 Arch 的系统上来安装它。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"text"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"pacman -S bat","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Fedora","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"text"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"dnf install bat","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"macOS","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"brew install bat","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Ubuntu 21.10","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我是通过 Ubuntu 环境下安装的 bat，从 bat 的发布页面下载","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":".deb","attrs":{}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"文件，可执行如下命令进行下载和安装。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"text"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"sudo apt-get install wget\nwget https://github.com/sharkdp/bat/releases/tag/v0.18.3/bat_0.18.3_amd64.deb\nsudo dpkg -i bat_0.18.3_amd64.deb","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"对于其他系统，也许需要从软件源编译并安装，或参考 GitHub 上 bat 的其他操作系统安装方式。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"bat 命令的使用","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"bat 命令的使用与 cat 命令的使用非常相似。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"使用 bat 命令创建一个新文件：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"bat > jiaoben1.sh","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"使用 bat 命令查看文件内容:","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"bat jiaoben1.sh","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"使用 bat 命令同时查看多个文件：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"bat jiaoben1.sh jiaoben2.sh","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"使用 bat 命令将多个文件的内容合并到一个单独的文件中：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"bat jiaoben1.sh jiaoben2.sh > test.txt","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"上述介绍了 bat 创建新文件、查看文件内容、将多个文件的内容合并到一个单独的文件中的方式。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"接下来，我们就来看一下 bat 命令一些非常酷的特性。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"bat 命令支持大多数编程和标记语言的语法高亮，那么我们就来使用 cat 和 bat 命令展示下 jiaoben1.sh 里面的内容做个鲜明的对比。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/c0/c09b2479b8cb4e22a8049644aed2e885.gif","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"可以看出，cat 命令以纯文本格式显示文件的内容，而 bat 命令显示了语法高亮和整齐的文本对齐格式。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"从上面 bat 命令的输出，可以看出是有表格线的，如果你只想显示行号（而没有表格）可以使用","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"-n","attrs":{}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"参数来实现，虽然 cat 执行也会显示行号，但还是没有 bat 执行输出后的效果美观。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"text"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"bat -n jiaoben2.sh","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/0f/0f87a007ded1c2b15457e73b720ab31b.gif","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"bat 命令支持 Git 集成，可以轻松查看和编辑 Git 存储库中的文件，bat 与 Git 连接可显示关于索引的修改。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/a0/a0b3679df51ebf393d1073c839392d5d.webp","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"bat 支持自动分页，这点特性也是需要值得注意的。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"支持分页意思也就是说，当文件的输出内容超出屏幕显示的时候，bat 命令会自动将自己输出的内容传到 less 命令中，你将可以使用回车键一页一页的查看输出内容，使用空格键可直接跳转至文末最后一行。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"当你使用 bat 命令时这些都是不必要的，bat 命令将自动传输跨越多个页面的文件的输出。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"bat jiaoben3.sh","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/c7/c797db5fc451b18158096e2268610a63.gif","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"对比下 cat 命令，查看 jiaoben3.sh 跨多个页面文件内容时，提示符会直接跳到文件的最后一页，将无法看到跨多个页面文件开头及中间部分的内容。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"cat jiaoben3.sh","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/dc/dc57b7c0be968bf78f057a19ac5545c2.gif","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果你想要通过 cat 来实现 bat 命令的效果，则需要去使用 cat 的输出传输到 less 命令中去，这样就可以从开头部分一页一页的查看内容了。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"cat jiaoben3.sh | less","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/0d/0d2e110d8921443c0a1869f092eb5cca.gif","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"同样，这种方式也是可以使用回车键一页一页的查看输出内容以及使用空格键可直接跳转至文末最后一行。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"bat 定制主题","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前 bat 定制主题有 24 种，包括：Coldark-Cold、GitHub、Monokai Extended Light、OneHalfDark、Solarized (light)、TwoDark、Visual Studio Dark+、base16、zenburn 等；","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果你不喜欢默认主题，也是可以根据自己的风格进行修改，只需执行：","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"bat --list-themes","attrs":{}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"命令，即可显示可用的主题。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"text"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"# bat --list-themes\nTheme: 1337\n\n // Output the square of a number.\n fn print_square(num: f64) {\n let result = f64::powf(num, 2.0);\n println!(\"The square of {:.2} is {:.2}.\", num, result);\n }\n\n......","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"例如你要选择","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Dracula","attrs":{}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"主题，可直接执行：","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"bat --theme=Dracula 文件名","attrs":{}}],"attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/40/4060de17c2f2ecd8ffa2b8989d85988f.webp","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果你想永久改变某一个主题，可使用","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"export BAT_THEME=\"Dracula\"","attrs":{}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"在你的 shell 启动文件，以使更改为永久。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"您可以使用","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"--style","attrs":{}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"参数选项来控制","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"bat","attrs":{}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"输出的外观，配置元素包括：","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"行号、文件头、网格边框、Git修改","attrs":{}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"来显示除文件内容之外的东西，参数是一个逗号分隔的列表。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"--style=numbers,changes","attrs":{}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"可以使用仅显示 Git修改和行号，而不显示网格和文件标题，设置","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"BAT_STYLE","attrs":{}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"环境变量以使这些更改为永久。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"关于更多 bat 的使用方法可通过执行命令","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"man bat","attrs":{}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"或","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"bat --help","attrs":{}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除此之外，也可以通过 bat 项目的 GitHub 库查看更多详细信息，我用过 bat 后就不会再想用回 cat 了！","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"二、duf","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在 Linux 环境下，我们知道 df 命令是用于显示磁盘分区上可使用的磁盘空间，默认显示单位为 KB，你还可以利用该命令来获取硬盘被占用了多少空间，目前还剩下多少空间等信息。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"# df\nFilesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on\n/dev/sda3 18439940 4943264 12559972 29% /\ntmpfs 506176 76 506100 1% /dev/shm\n/dev/sda1 99150 30003 64027 32% /boot\n/dev/sr0 4363088 4363088 0 100% /media/CentOS_6.5_Final","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除此之外，du 命令也是查看使用空间的，但与 df 命令不同的是 Linux du 命令是对文件和目录磁盘使用的空间的查看，和 df 命令还是有一些区别的。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"# du\n4 ./.abrt\n8 ./.dbus/session-bus\n12 ./.dbus\n4 ./.nautilus\n40 ./.local/share/gvfs-metadata\n24 ./.local/share/applications\n68 ./.local/share\n72 ./.local","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"接下来就跟大家介绍一款终端工具，你可以理解为传统的 Linux 命令 df 和 du 整合版 —— duf。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"duf 是一个用 Golang 编写的跨平台磁盘使用情况工具，可以让你轻松地检查可用磁盘空间，对输出进行分类，并以用户友好的方式进行呈现，适用于 Linux、Windows、macOS、Android、FreeBSD；","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Ubuntu 安装方式：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"$ sudo apt install gdebi\n#如果报错，Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com......\n# sudo apt-get update\n\n$ sudo gdebi 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