Reddit 迈出上市第一步，曾因“散户围攻华尔街”大出风头

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"当地时间 12 月 15 日，"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.reddit.com","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Reddit"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":" 表示其已经向美国证券交易委员会 (SEC) 提交了首次公开募股的注册通知草案。Reddit "},{"type":"text","text":"没有公开该文件，也没有披露拟发售的股票数量"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"以及股票"},{"type":"text","text":"的价格范围。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#3f3f42","name":"user"}}],"text":"8 月，该公司表示已筹集了 7 亿美元（5.28 亿英镑）的新资金，估值超过 100 亿美元。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"美国散户大本营，曾让金融界大吃一惊"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#404040","name":"user"}}],"text":"2005 年，蒂夫·霍夫曼（Steve Huffman）和亚历克西斯·奥哈尼安（Alexis Ohanian）等共同创立了 Reddit，其定位为社交性社区，类似于百度贴吧，由用户产出和分享内容。"},{"type":"text","text":"他们的创业想法获得了美国知名创业孵化器 Y Combinator 的天使投资。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"一年后 Reddit 被康泰纳仕出版集团收购，这个集团旗下拥有《GQ》、《纽约客》等诸多知名杂志。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#4d4f53","name":"user"}}],"text":"2011年 Reddit 成为一家独立运作的公司，并开启了融资之路。此后他们获得过红杉资本、 Coatue Management 等机构的多轮融资。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#4d4f53","name":"user"}}],"text":"2019 年 2 月，腾讯领投了 Reddit 的 D 轮 2 亿美元融资，当时这家公司的估值达到 30 亿美元。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#4d4f53","name":"user"}}],"text":"2021年 Reddit 分别在 2月8日 获得 2.5 亿美元的E轮融资，2月24日获得1.16亿美元的 E+ 轮融资，8月13日获得富达投资领投的7亿美元F轮融资。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#4d4f53","name":"user"}}],"text":"目前，Reddit 是美国第五大网站，流量仅次于 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/?hl=zh_CN","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Google"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#4d4f53","name":"user"}}],"text":"、"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"YouTube"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#4d4f53","name":"user"}}],"text":"、"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Facebook"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#4d4f53","name":"user"}}],"text":" 以及Amazon，月活用户数达3.3亿。而其庞大的网民数量，曾令其让金融界大吃一惊。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#4d4f53","name":"user"}}],"text":"1月20日，做空机构香橼公开看空连锁游戏零售商 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.gamestop.com","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"GameStop"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#4d4f53","name":"user"}}],"text":"，判断其股价会回落至 20 美元，当时，GameStop 收盘价是 39.36 美元每股。作为回应，游戏玩家云集 Reddit 社区Wallstreetbets 论坛中的水友们开始呼吁抱团反击，掀起了一场史诗级别的逼空。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#4d4f53","name":"user"}}],"text":"1月22日，GameStop 股价一度飙升78%，多次熔断之后收盘报价 65.01 美元\/股；1月25日，GameStop 盘中一度暴涨144.53%，股价最高达159.18美元，1月26日，开盘股价报 89.48 美元，涨幅达16.23%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#4d4f53","name":"user"}}],"text":"这场战役直接导致香橼官方宣布认怂，上演了一场散户暴打庄家的戏码，也让华尔街意识到Reddit 社区网民的影响不容忽视。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"据悉，这次 Reddit 即将上市的消息一出，该网站的网民已经在 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/wallstreetbets","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"WallStreetBets 论坛"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"上做出了反应，并且评论两极分化严重，很多网友表示，股票上市标志着自由文化的终结，Reddit 再也不会和以前一样了；但也有网友表示看到了更多乐趣和潜在利润的机会。而这次，散户是否会像之前擡高 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#4d4f53","name":"user"}}],"text":"GameStop 股票一样擡高 "},{"type":"text","text":"Reddit 股票？当然，也不是没有这种可能性。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Reddit 搜索模块发展史"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"作为美国第五大网站，Reddit 技术如何？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"Reddit 最初是使用 Common Lisp 编写，后来在 2005 年12 月为了使用更多的库以及拥有更大的开发灵活度，改用 Python 重新编写。2008年6月18日，Reddit 本身成为一个开源项目。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"2017年 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#4a4a4a","name":"user"}}],"text":"Reddit 的 CTO Chris Slowe、工程副总裁 Nick Caldwell 和工程总监 Luis Bitencourt-Emilio 在 Reddit 网站上披露了 Reddit 搜索模块的发展史："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"他表示，做好搜索不是件轻而易举的事情，在过去的 12 年中，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#4a4a4a","name":"user"}}],"text":"Reddit "},{"type":"text","text":"的搜索架构经历了 6 次技术栈演化："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"2005 年，联合创始人 Steve Huffman 使用 PostgresSQL 的 tsearch2。不过它的缺点是不够灵活，工程师们发现其中的少部分搜索会影响到其他大部分的查询操作。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"2007 年，工程元老（现在的 CTO）Chris Slowe 使用 PyLucene 重新实现了搜索模块。这一版本相对灵活，但伸缩性比较差。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"2008 年，Reddit 的三号员工（现在是搜索工程师）David King 使用 Solr 重新实现了搜索模块。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"2010 年，David 使用 IndexTank 代替了 Solr。随着网站流量一直在增长，Reddit 工程师们不断添加 Postgre 数据库作为读副本，添加缓存，还用上了早期版本的 Cassandra ，但是搜索体验仍然很糟糕。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"2012 年，Keith Mitchell 开始使用 CloudSearch。后来又从旧的 AWS 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