如何使用FDM 3D打印機進行批量化生產
摘要
使用3D打印機進行批量生產是存在爭議的，爭議在於3D打印其最大特點在於個性化製造，批量生產遠不如傳統工藝成本低。所以3D打印進行批量化生產，一定要保證，其產品具有個性化需求，而批量生產，不過是因爲該產品週期短，客戶不唯一。比如目前流行的3D打印月球燈，如果僅僅是生產月球燈，那麼採用模具批量製作即可。但是情侶月球燈，校徽月球燈和畢業紀念月球燈，這三種個性化的燈可根據客戶要求進行，少量定製。
3D打印之所以能創造價值，更大的原因在於，其可與諸多行業進行融合，讓原行業產生更大的價值。3D打印進行批量化生產，實質是3D打印與傳統製造業的融合。用3D打印爲傳統製造業助力，優勢互補。傳統製造業，新產品往往需要對產線進行修改，而融入3D打印設備後，可以加速產線升級，推動產品更新週期。
使用一臺FDM 3D打印機進行模型打印，不必採用很嚴格的生產流程。而使用大量3D打印設備生產時，生產流程顯得尤爲重要。本文將給出一個可以廣泛應用的基礎流程，並詳細解讀基礎流程中的環節。
第一章 整體流程
表1.1 使用3D打印機進行批量化生產的三個流程
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整體流程 |
||
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A.準備流程 |
B.日常維護流程 |
C.模型批量打印流程 |
|
設備挑選 |
每月維護 |
測試打印 |
|
場地裝修 |
每週維護 |
制定操作流程 |
|
初次調試 |
每天維護 |
|
首先我們需要按照準備流程構建一個產線。然後進行日常維護任務，批量打印任務。
第二章 準備流程
2.1設備挑選
首先應根據自己目標客戶的需求購買FDM 3D打印機，目前的打印機已經可以實現自動調平，不堵料，納米級別打印。所以這三個指標可以說是標配。選配的就是打印尺寸，結構類型。打印尺寸自然是越大越好，結構類型本人最喜歡矩形結構，或者矩形杆式結構。
設備選的好，省事一大堆。切莫貪小利，坑了自個呀。
2.2場地裝修
設備挑選完成，自然需要對場地進行裝修，主要有一下幾個方面：
①打印平臺：打印平臺一定要夠穩，以免機器摔落。
②電源佈線：功率足夠大，電源孔數足夠多
③人員工作平臺：用於模型的後處理
④庫房：存放模型
⑤勞具：口罩，耳塞
2.3初次調試
初次調試設備主要有以下任務：
①按照說明書，安裝好設備。
②給設備編號。
③測試打印。
④不合適設備繼續測試，直至全部合格。
第三章 日常維護流程
3.1每天維護
每天維護的主要事項有：
①檢查各主要零件是否正常工作（風扇，打印頭）
②檢查各傳感器是否正常（溫度傳感器，限位開關）
③檢查材料是否足夠一天使用
④檢查首批打印質量
3.2每週維護
每週維護的時間爲每週第一個工作日，除了當日要做的檢查事項外，要加上
①重新調平
②適當添加機油
③檢查電機是否正常
④檢查打印頭是否鬆動
3.3每月維護
在每週以及每天維護的基礎上，加上
①打印測試件
第四章 模型批量打印流程
3D打印的批量產品週期短，經常要換新的產品，而對於要批量生產的產品，一定要進行測試打印，並在打印時記錄如下幾個要點。
①打印總時間。
②打印是否有暫停，如果有暫停，記錄每個階段的打印時間，以及暫停時人工處理時間。
③打印中需要注意的細節問題。
然後根據上面的三點，制定如何進行高質量批量生產的流程。
HOW TO USE FDM 3D PRINTER TO BATCH PRODUCTION
ABSTRACT
It is controversial to use 3D printers for mass production. The controversy is that the most important feature of 3D printing is personalized manufacturing, and mass production is far less cost than traditional technology. So 3D printing batch production, we must ensure that its products have personalized needs, and mass production, but because the product cycle is short, customers are not unique. For example, the current popular 3D printing lunar lamp, if only the production of lunar lamp, then the use of mold batch production can be. But couples'moon lights, school emblem moon lights and graduation commemorative moon lights, these three personalized lights can be customized according to customer requirements, a small number of customized.
A bigger reason why 3D printing can create value is that it can be integrated with many industries to give greater value to the original industry. Mass production of 3D printing is essentially the integration of 3D printing and traditional manufacturing. Using 3D printing to help traditional manufacturing industry has complementary advantages. Traditional manufacturing, new products often need to modify the production line, and the integration of 3D printing equipment, can speed up the production line upgrade, promote product renewal cycle.
Using a FDM 3D printer to print models, there is no need to adopt very strict production processes. The production process is particularly important when producing a large number of 3D printing equipment. This article will give a widely applied basic process and explain the links in the basic process in detail.
Chapter 1 Whole process
Table 1.1 three processes for mass production using 3D printers
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Whole process |
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A. preparation process |
B.daily maintenance process |
C.model batch printing process |
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Equipment selection |
monthly maintenance |
test printing |
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Site maintenance |
weekly maintenance |
Working procedure |
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First debug |
Daily maintenance |
|
First, we need to build a production line according to the preparation process. Then carry out routine maintenance tasks and print tasks in batches.
Chapter 2 Preparation process
2.1 equipment selection
FDM 3D printers should be purchased first according to the needs of their target customers. Current printers have been able to achieve automatic leveling, non-blocking, nano-level printing. So these three indicators can be said to be standard. Matching is printing size and structure type. The larger the print size, the better. The type of structure I like most is rectangular structure, or rectangular bar structure.
The equipment is well chosen and saves a lot of work. Don't be greedy for small profits.
2.2 venue decoration
When the equipment is selected, it is necessary to decorate the site.
Printing platform: the printing platform must be steady enough to prevent the machine from falling.
Power wiring: enough power, enough power holes.
Personnel working platform: post processing for model.
Storeroom: storage model
Labour tools: masks and earplugs.
2.3 initial commissioning
The first commissioning equipment has the following tasks:
1. According to the instructions, install the equipment.
2. Number the equipment.
Test printing.
4. Unsuitable equipment should be tested until all qualified.
Chapter 3 Routine maintenance process
3.1 daily maintenance
The main items of daily maintenance are:
Check whether the main parts are working properly (fan, printhead).
Check whether the sensors are normal (temperature sensor, limit switch).
Check whether the material is sufficient for one day.
Check the first print quality.
3.2 weekly maintenance
The weekly maintenance time is the first working day of the week.
Leveling again
Appropriate addition of oil
Check whether the motor is normal.
Check whether the printhead is loose or not.
3.3 monthly maintenance
On the basis of weekly and daily maintenance, add
Chapter 4 Print test pieces.
The fourth chapter is the model batch printing process.
The batch production cycle of 3D printing is short, and it is often necessary to replace new products. For batch production, it is necessary to test and print, and record the following points when printing.
Print the total time.
Whether there is a pause in printing, if there is a pause, record the printing time of each stage, and the manual processing time when the pause occurs.
Details that need attention in printing.
Then, according to the above three points, how to develop high quality mass production process is formulated.