文章簡介
運用Thrift的TNonblockingServer編寫C++實踐案例。
Thrift服務端編程
從Thrift-0.12.0版本的C++源代碼來看服務端編程主要有：多線程模型，一個新的客戶端連接創建一個線程處理；多線程線程池模型，將新的客戶端連接放入任務隊列中由線程池讀取處理；事件驅動異步模型，註冊監聽事件和可讀事件，將客戶端的數據放入任務隊列中由線程池進行處理。事件驅動異步模型更適合運用在互聯網大量用戶的場景中，也就是TNonblockingServer。
Thrift中TNonblockingServer的設計和實現
圖1-1 TNonblockingServer的實現
如圖1-1所示，當一個新的客戶端連接accept時，會new一個TConnection對象，通過輪詢選擇算法發送給IOThread線程池，IOThread接收到客戶端發來的請求數據時，將它打包成Task放入任務隊列中，再由任務處理線程池Thread從任務隊列pop出來調用服務端實現的業務邏輯函數處理。下面以用戶註冊的業務場景爲例，實現一個具體的TNonblockingServer案例。
Thrift接口文件編寫
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//文件名稱user.thrift namespace cpp thrift.user
enum EUserType { QQ = 1, WECHAT = 2 }
struct UserRegisterReq { 1:required string sUserName; 2:required string sMd5Pwd; 3:string sPhoneNumber; 4:optional i32 iUserAge; }
struct UserRegisterResp { 1:required i32 iUserId; 2:required bool bSucc; 3:optional i32 iRetCode; 4:optional string sErrMsg; }
service UserService{ UserRegisterResp UserRegister(1:EUserType eType, 2:UserRegisterReq oReq) } |
運行thrift -r --gen cpp user.thrift，生成服務端和客戶端RPC接口文件。其中required是必傳字段，optional是可選字段。
服務端代碼實現
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//文件名稱nonsocketserver.cpp #include <stdlib.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <thrift/protocol/TBinaryProtocol.h> #include <thrift/transport/TNonblockingServerSocket.h> #include <thrift/server/TNonblockingServer.h> #include <thrift/concurrency/PlatformThreadFactory.h> #include <thrift/concurrency/ThreadManager.h>
#include "gen-cpp/UserService.h"
namespace thrift { namespace user { class UserServiceHandler : virtual public UserServiceIf { public: UserServiceHandler() {} virtual void UserRegister(UserRegisterResp& _return, const EUserType::type eType, const UserRegisterReq& oReq) { std::cout << "etype=" << eType << " oReq=" << oReq << " oResp=" << _return << std::endl; } }; }//user }//thrift
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { using namespace ::apache::thrift; using namespace ::apache::thrift::concurrency; using namespace ::apache::thrift::protocol; using namespace ::apache::thrift::transport; using namespace ::apache::thrift::server;
using namespace ::thrift::user;
int iIOThreadNum = 0, iTaskThreadNum = 0; if (3 == argc) { iIOThreadNum = ::strtol(argv[1], NULL, 10); iTaskThreadNum = ::strtol(argv[2], NULL, 10); }
int port = 9090; //業務邏輯 stdcxx::shared_ptr<UserServiceHandler> testHandler(new UserServiceHandler()); //業務接口邏輯 stdcxx::shared_ptr<TProcessor> testProcessor(new UserServiceProcessor(testHandler)); //報文協議序列化 protocol stdcxx::shared_ptr<TProtocolFactory> protocolFactory(new TBinaryProtocolFactoryT<TBufferBase>());
//監聽端口 transport stdcxx::shared_ptr<TNonblockingServerTransport> nbSocket(new transport::TNonblockingServerSocket(port)); //創建非阻塞I/O服務 server stdcxx::shared_ptr<TNonblockingServer> nonblockingServer(new TNonblockingServer(testProcessor, protocolFactory, nbSocket)); nonblockingServer->setNumIOThreads(iIOThreadNum); //多線程——連接處理
//創建多線程任務處理 if (iTaskThreadNum > 0) { stdcxx::shared_ptr<ThreadManager> pThreadManager = ThreadManager::newSimpleThreadManager(iTaskThreadNum);//多線程——任務處理 pThreadManager->threadFactory(stdcxx::shared_ptr<PlatformThreadFactory>(new PlatformThreadFactory)); pThreadManager->start(); nonblockingServer->setThreadManager(pThreadManager); }
//服務啓動 nonblockingServer->serve(); //服務停止 nonblockingServer->stop();
return 0; } |
客戶端代碼實現
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//文件名稱client.cpp #include <iostream>
#include <thrift/protocol/TBinaryProtocol.h> #include <thrift/transport/TSocket.h> #include <thrift/transport/TBufferTransports.h>
#include "gen-cpp/UserService.h"
int main(int argc, char **argv) { using namespace ::apache::thrift; using namespace ::thrift::user;
//I/O transport stdcxx::shared_ptr<transport::TSocket> socket(new transport::TSocket("127.0.0.1", 9090)); //數據讀取方式 transport stdcxx::shared_ptr<transport::TTransport> transport(new transport::TFramedTransport(socket)); //報文協議序列化 protocol stdcxx::shared_ptr<protocol::TProtocol> protocol(new protocol::TBinaryProtocol(transport));
UserServiceClient client(protocol); transport->open();
EUserType::type eType = EUserType::QQ; UserRegisterReq oReq; UserRegisterResp oResp; client.UserRegister(oResp, eType, oReq);
transport->close();
std::cout << "eType=" << eType << " oReq=" << oReq << " oReps=" << oResp << std::endl;
return 0; } |
編譯和運行
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//編譯服務端程序和客戶端程序 g++ -c -o nonsocketserver.o nonsocketserver.cpp g++ -c -o UserService.o gen-cpp/UserService.cpp g++ -c -o user_types.o gen-cpp/user_types.cpp g++ -g -Wall -o server nonsocketserver.o UserService.o user_types.o -lthrift -lthriftnb g++ -c -o client.o client.cpp g++ -g -Wall -o client client.o UserService.o user_types.o -lthrift -lthriftnb
//運行服務端 ./server Thrift: Mon Jan 28 00:01:38 2019 TNonblockingServer: Serving with 1 io threads. Thrift: Mon Jan 28 00:01:38 2019 TNonblockingServer: using libevent 2.1.8-stable method epoll Thrift: Mon Jan 28 00:01:38 2019 TNonblocking: IO thread #0 registered for listen. Thrift: Mon Jan 28 00:01:38 2019 TNonblocking: IO thread #0 registered for notify. Thrift: Mon Jan 28 00:01:38 2019 TNonblockingServer: IO thread #0 entering loop... etype=QQ oReq=UserRegisterReq(sUserName=, sMd5Pwd=, sPhoneNumber=, iUserAge=<null>) oResp=UserRegisterResp(iUserId=0, bSucc=0, iRetCode=<null>, sErrMsg=<null>)
//運行客戶端 ./client eType=QQ oReq=UserRegisterReq(sUserName=, sMd5Pwd=, sPhoneNumber=, iUserAge=<null>) oReps=UserRegisterResp(iUserId=0, bSucc=0, iRetCode=<null>, sErrMsg=<null>) |
參考文獻
[1] Mark Slee, Aditya Agarwal and Marc Kwiatkowski. Thrift: Scalable Cross-Language Services Implementation. 2007
[2] Apache Thrift官方網站, http://thrift.apache.org
[3] Apache Thrift源代碼, https://github.com/apache/thrift
[4] Lex & Yacc 官方網站, http://dinosaur.compilertools.net
