代碼源自:https://github.com/yunjey/pytorch-tutorial
這裏只是將其做爲一個學習樣例,具體代碼見:02-intermediate/deep_residual_network
1.看下面的網絡結構:
#3x3 convolution
def conv3x3(in_channels, out_channels, stride=1):
return nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3,
stride=stride, padding=1, bias=False)
#上面的3*3的conv轉爲2dconv,當 stride爲1時,shape不變,stride爲2時,shape減半
# Residual block 殘差網絡部分
class ResidualBlock(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, stride=1, downsample=None):
super(ResidualBlock, self).__init__()
self.conv1 = conv3x3(in_channels, out_channels, stride)
self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels)
self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
self.conv2 = conv3x3(out_channels, out_channels)
self.bn2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels)
self.downsample = downsample
def forward(self, x):
residual = x
out = self.conv1(x)
out = self.bn1(out)
out = self.relu(out)
out = self.conv2(out)
out = self.bn2(out)
if self.downsample:
residual = self.downsample(x)
out += residual
out = self.relu(out)
return out
# ResNet 網絡
class ResNet(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, block, layers, num_classes=10):
super(ResNet, self).__init__()
self.in_channels = 16
self.conv = conv3x3(3, 16)
self.bn = nn.BatchNorm2d(16)
self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
self.layer1 = self.make_layer(block, 16, layers[0])
self.layer2 = self.make_layer(block, 32, layers[1], 2)
self.layer3 = self.make_layer(block, 64, layers[2], 2)
self.avg_pool = nn.AvgPool2d(8)
self.fc = nn.Linear(64, num_classes)
#重點是這 當 stride不爲1或者輸入與輸出的通道數不相等時,定義了一個downsample,在layers的"後
#面",其實是並行的.我們後面來解答
def make_layer(self, block, out_channels, blocks, stride=1):
downsample = None
if (stride != 1) or (self.in_channels != out_channels):
downsample = nn.Sequential(
conv3x3(self.in_channels, out_channels, stride=stride),
nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels))
layers = []
layers.append(block(self.in_channels, out_channels, stride, downsample))
self.in_channels = out_channels
for i in range(1, blocks):
layers.append(block(out_channels, out_channels))
return nn.Sequential(*layers)
def forward(self, x):
out = self.conv(x)
out = self.bn(out)
out = self.relu(out)
print("in",out.shape)
out = self.layer1(out)
print("layer1",out.shape)
out = self.layer2(out)
print("layer2",out.shape)
out = self.layer3(out)
print("layer3",out.shape)
out = self.avg_pool(out)
print(out.shape)
out = out.view(out.size(0), -1)
out = self.fc(out)
return out
model = ResNet(ResidualBlock, [2, 2, 2]).to(device)
print(model)
2.上面的網絡結構也比較簡單,我們打印一下model:所有定義的層都在這了,conv,bn,relu,layer1,layer2,layer3,avg_pool,最後是一個fc全鏈接層就完了.
ResNet(
(conv): Conv2d(3, 16, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(16, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(relu): ReLU(inplace)
(layer1): Sequential(
(0): ResidualBlock(
(conv1): Conv2d(16, 16, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn1): BatchNorm2d(16, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(relu): ReLU(inplace)
(conv2): Conv2d(16, 16, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn2): BatchNorm2d(16, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
)
(1): ResidualBlock(
(conv1): Conv2d(16, 16, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn1): BatchNorm2d(16, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(relu): ReLU(inplace)
(conv2): Conv2d(16, 16, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn2): BatchNorm2d(16, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
)
)
(layer2): Sequential(
(0): ResidualBlock(
(conv1): Conv2d(16, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn1): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(relu): ReLU(inplace)
(conv2): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn2): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(downsample): Sequential(
(0): Conv2d(16, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
)
)
(1): ResidualBlock(
(conv1): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn1): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(relu): ReLU(inplace)
(conv2): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn2): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
)
)
(layer3): Sequential(
(0): ResidualBlock(
(conv1): Conv2d(32, 64, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn1): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(relu): ReLU(inplace)
(conv2): Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn2): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(downsample): Sequential(
(0): Conv2d(32, 64, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
)
)
(1): ResidualBlock(
(conv1): Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn1): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(relu): ReLU(inplace)
(conv2): Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn2): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
)
)
(avg_pool): AvgPool2d(kernel_size=8, stride=8, padding=0)
(fc): Linear(in_features=64, out_features=10, bias=True)
)
我們再看一下打印的各層shape:
in torch.Size([100, 16, 32, 32])
layer1 torch.Size([100, 16, 32, 32])
layer2 torch.Size([100, 32, 16, 16])
layer3 torch.Size([100, 64, 8, 8])
torch.Size([100, 64, 1, 1])
按照conv層的定義,我們計算一下shape,對於輸入與layer1(32,32)肯定沒問題,但到layer2時,若再按照順序執行,我們來看第0層,當經過conv1時會變成(16,16),再經過 downsample中的 (0)層時,又會減一半,變爲(8,8),怎麼與打印出來的(16,16)不一致呢?
3.這時我們利用 torchviz 工具打印一下就知道了,具體代碼如下:
from torchviz import make_dot, make_dot_from_trace
x = torch.randn(100, 3, 32, 32).requires_grad_(True)
y = model(x)
make_dot(y, params=dict(list(model.named_parameters()) + [('x', x)]))
我們找到這一層的相應結點圖,我們看到,其實 downsample中的層與主網絡層是並行運行的,而後通過AddBackward合併到一起.這就能解釋shape不一致的情況了,同理layer3也只降爲(8,8),就能解釋了.