pytorch 学习　简单resnet残差网络

代码源自：https://github.com/yunjey/pytorch-tutorial
这里只是将其做为一个学习样例，具体代码见：02-intermediate/deep_residual_network

１．看下面的网络结构：

#3x3 convolution　
def conv3x3(in_channels, out_channels, stride=1):
    return nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3, 
                     stride=stride, padding=1, bias=False)
#上面的3*3的conv转为2dconv，当 stride为１时，shape不变，stride为２时，shape减半

# Residual block　残差网络部分
class ResidualBlock(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, stride=1, downsample=None):
        super(ResidualBlock, self).__init__()
        self.conv1 = conv3x3(in_channels, out_channels, stride)
        self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels)
        self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
        self.conv2 = conv3x3(out_channels, out_channels)
        self.bn2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels)
        self.downsample = downsample
        
    def forward(self, x):
        residual = x
        out = self.conv1(x)
        out = self.bn1(out)
        out = self.relu(out)
        out = self.conv2(out)
        out = self.bn2(out)
        if self.downsample:
            residual = self.downsample(x)
        out += residual
        out = self.relu(out)
        return out

# ResNet 网络
class ResNet(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, block, layers, num_classes=10):
        super(ResNet, self).__init__()
        self.in_channels = 16
        self.conv = conv3x3(3, 16)
        self.bn = nn.BatchNorm2d(16)
        self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
        self.layer1 = self.make_layer(block, 16, layers[0])
        self.layer2 = self.make_layer(block, 32, layers[1], 2)
        self.layer3 = self.make_layer(block, 64, layers[2], 2)
        self.avg_pool = nn.AvgPool2d(8)
        self.fc = nn.Linear(64, num_classes)
     #重点是这   当 stride不为１或者输入与输出的通道数不相等时，定义了一个downsample,在layers的＂后
     #面＂，其实是并行的．我们后面来解答
    def make_layer(self, block, out_channels, blocks, stride=1):
        downsample = None
        if (stride != 1) or (self.in_channels != out_channels):
            downsample = nn.Sequential(
                conv3x3(self.in_channels, out_channels, stride=stride),
                nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels))
        layers = []
        layers.append(block(self.in_channels, out_channels, stride, downsample))
        self.in_channels = out_channels
        for i in range(1, blocks):
            layers.append(block(out_channels, out_channels))
        return nn.Sequential(*layers)
    
    def forward(self, x):
        out = self.conv(x)
        out = self.bn(out)
        out = self.relu(out)
        print("in",out.shape)
        out = self.layer1(out)
        print("layer1",out.shape)
        out = self.layer2(out)
        print("layer2",out.shape)
        out = self.layer3(out)
        print("layer3",out.shape)
        out = self.avg_pool(out)
        print(out.shape)
        out = out.view(out.size(0), -1)
        out = self.fc(out)
        return out
    
model = ResNet(ResidualBlock, [2, 2, 2]).to(device)
print(model)

２．上面的网络结构也比较简单，我们打印一下model:所有定义的层都在这了，conv,bn,relu,layer1,layer2,layer3,avg_pool,最后是一个fc全链接层就完了．

ResNet(
  (conv): Conv2d(3, 16, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
  (bn): BatchNorm2d(16, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
  (relu): ReLU(inplace)
  (layer1): Sequential(
    (0): ResidualBlock(
      (conv1): Conv2d(16, 16, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn1): BatchNorm2d(16, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (relu): ReLU(inplace)
      (conv2): Conv2d(16, 16, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn2): BatchNorm2d(16, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    )
    (1): ResidualBlock(
      (conv1): Conv2d(16, 16, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn1): BatchNorm2d(16, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (relu): ReLU(inplace)
      (conv2): Conv2d(16, 16, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn2): BatchNorm2d(16, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    )
  )
  (layer2): Sequential(
    (0): ResidualBlock(
      (conv1): Conv2d(16, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn1): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (relu): ReLU(inplace)
      (conv2): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn2): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (downsample): Sequential(
        (0): Conv2d(16, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (1): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      )
    )
    (1): ResidualBlock(
      (conv1): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn1): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (relu): ReLU(inplace)
      (conv2): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn2): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    )
  )
  (layer3): Sequential(
    (0): ResidualBlock(
      (conv1): Conv2d(32, 64, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn1): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (relu): ReLU(inplace)
      (conv2): Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn2): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (downsample): Sequential(
        (0): Conv2d(32, 64, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (1): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      )
    )
    (1): ResidualBlock(
      (conv1): Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn1): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (relu): ReLU(inplace)
      (conv2): Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn2): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    )
  )
  (avg_pool): AvgPool2d(kernel_size=8, stride=8, padding=0)
  (fc): Linear(in_features=64, out_features=10, bias=True)
)

我们再看一下打印的各层shape:

in torch.Size([100, 16, 32, 32])
layer1 torch.Size([100, 16, 32, 32])
layer2 torch.Size([100, 32, 16, 16])
layer3 torch.Size([100, 64, 8, 8])
torch.Size([100, 64, 1, 1])

按照conv层的定义，我们计算一下shape,对于输入与layer1(32,32)肯定没问题，但到layer2时，若再按照顺序执行，我们来看第0层，当经过conv1时会变成（16，16），再经过 downsample中的 (0)层时，又会减一半，变为（８，８），怎么与打印出来的（16，16）不一致呢？

３．这时我们利用　torchviz　工具打印一下就知道了，具体代码如下：

from torchviz import make_dot, make_dot_from_trace
x = torch.randn(100, 3, 32, 32).requires_grad_(True)
y = model(x)
make_dot(y, params=dict(list(model.named_parameters()) + [('x', x)]))

我们找到这一层的相应结点图，我们看到，其实 downsample中的层与主网络层是并行运行的，而后通过AddBackward合并到一起．这就能解释shape不一致的情况了，同理layer3也只降为（8，８），就能解释了．