使用windows sdk提供的API函數GetAdaptersInfo()可以獲得本機所有網卡的網卡名、網卡描述、網卡MAC地址、網卡IP、網卡類型等信息,並用IP_ADAPTER_INFO結構體存儲,使用GetIfEntry()獲取網卡的狀態,可有效判斷出網卡通訊是否正常,是否插入網線等狀態......
關於本文更爲詳細的說明及代碼示例詳見:http://download.csdn.net/detail/lusirking/9562517
判斷網線是否插入
可利用IPHELPAPI中的GetIfEntry()進行獲取,代碼如下:
bool getAdapterState(DWORD index){
MIB_IFROW Info ; // 存放獲取到的Adapter參數
memset(&Info ,0 ,sizeof(MIB_IFROW)) ;
Info.dwIndex = index ; // dwIndex是需要獲取的Adapter的索引,可以通過GetAdaptersInfo和其他相關函數獲取
if(GetIfEntry(&Info) != NOERROR)
{
printf("ErrorCode = %d\n" ,GetLastError());
return false;
}
if(Info.dwOperStatus == IF_OPER_STATUS_NON_OPERATIONAL
|| Info.dwOperStatus == IF_OPER_STATUS_UNREACHABLE
|| Info.dwOperStatus == IF_OPER_STATUS_DISCONNECTED
|| Info.dwOperStatus == IF_OPER_STATUS_CONNECTING)
return false;
else if(Info.dwOperStatus == IF_OPER_STATUS_OPERATIONAL
|| Info.dwOperStatus == IF_OPER_STATUS_CONNECTED)
return true;
}
MIB_IFROW 介紹:
MIB_IFROW 中有一項 dwOperStatus的參數,它表明當前接口的操作狀態
其值如下:
1)IF_OPER_STATUS_NON_OPERATIONAL
LANadapter has been disabled, for example because of an address conflict.
局域網適配器禁用,例如地址衝突
2)IF_OPER_STATUS_UNREACHABLE
WANadapter that is not connected.
WAN適配器未連接
3)IF_OPER_STATUS_DISCONNECTED
ForLAN adapters: network cable disconnected. For WAN adapters: no carrier
局域網適配器:網線未插入。WAN適配器:無信號
4)IF_OPER_STATUS_CONNECTING
WANadapter that is in the process of connecting.
正在處理連接
5)IF_OPER_STATUS_CONNECTED
WANadapter that is connected to a remote peer.
已連接遠端
6)IF_OPER_STATUS_OPERATIONAL
Defaultstatus for LAN adapters 默認狀態
經測試
拔下網線時,dwOperStatus值爲IF_OPER_STATUS_NON_OPERATIONAL
連接網線時,dwOperStatus 值爲IF_OPER_STATUS_OPERATIONAL
IP_ADAPTER_INFO結構體描述如下:
typedef struct _IP_ADAPTER_INFO
{
struct _IP_ADAPTER_INFO* Next;//指向鏈表中下一個適配器信息的指針
DWORD ComboIndex;//預留值
char AdapterName[MAX_ADAPTER_NAME_LENGTH + 4];//使用ANSI字符串表示的適配器名稱
char Description[MAX_ADAPTER_DESCRIPTION_LENGTH +4];//使用ANSI字符串表示的適配器描述
UINT AddressLength;//適配器硬件地址以字節計算的長度
BYTE Address[MAX_ADAPTER_ADDRESS_LENGTH];//硬件地址以BYTE數組所表示
DWORD Index;//適配器索引
UINT Type;//適配器類型,主要有以下幾種:
/*
* MIB_IF_TYPE_OTHER 1
* MIB_IF_TYPE_ETHERNET 6
* MIB_IF_TYPE_TOKENRING 9
* MIB_IF_TYPE_FDDI 15
* MIB_IF_TYPE_PPP 23
* MIB_IF_TYPE_LOOPBACK 24
* MIB_IF_TYPE_SLIP 28
*/
UINT DhcpEnabled;//指定這個適配器是否開啓DHCP
PIP_ADDR_STRING CurrentIpAddress;//預留值
IP_ADDR_STRING IpAddressList;//該適配器的IPv4地址鏈表
IP_ADDR_STRING GatewayList;//該適配器的網關IPv4地址鏈表
IP_ADDR_STRING DhcpServer;//該適配器的DHCP服務器的IPv4 地址鏈表
BOOL HaveWins;
IP_ADDR_STRING PrimaryWinsServer;
IP_ADDR_STRING SecondaryWinsServer;
time_t LeaseObtained;
time_t LeaseExpires;
} IP_ADAPTER_INFO,*PIP_ADAPTER_INFO;
由於可能有多個網卡,因此struct _IP_ADAPTER_INFO* Next字段爲一個鏈表結構指針,由於一個網卡可能有多個IP,因此IP_ADDR_STRING字段應該也是一個鏈表結構,其信息如下所示:
typedef struct_IP_ADDR_STRING
{
struct _IP_ADDR_STRING* Next; //指向同類型節點,即下一個IP(如果有多IP的話)
IP_ADDRESS_STRING IpAddress; //IP地址信息
IP_MASK_STRING IpMask; //IP子網掩碼
DWORD Context;// 網絡表入口。這個值對應着AddIPAddredd和DeleteIPAddress函數中的NTEContext參數
} IP_ADDR_STRING;
IP_ADDR_STRING結構也是一個鏈表節點
綜上所述,用下圖來描述網卡的結構存儲信息,也許更明朗:
獲取網卡信息的代碼如下:
#include <WinSock2.h>
#include <Iphlpapi.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#pragma comment(lib,"Iphlpapi.lib") //需要添加Iphlpapi.lib庫
int __cdecl main()
{
//PIP_ADAPTER_INFO結構體指針存儲本機網卡信息
PIP_ADAPTER_INFO pIpAdapterInfo = new IP_ADAPTER_INFO();
PIP_ADAPTER_INFO pAdapter = NULL;
//得到結構體大小,用於GetAdaptersInfo參數
unsigned long stSize = sizeof(IP_ADAPTER_INFO);
//調用GetAdaptersInfo函數,填充pIpAdapterInfo指針變量;其中stSize參數既是一個輸入量也是一個輸出量
int nRel = GetAdaptersInfo(pIpAdapterInfo,&stSize);
//記錄網卡數量
int netCardNum = 0;
//記錄每張網卡上的IP地址數量
int IPnumPerNetCard = 0;
if (ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW == nRel)
{
//如果函數返回的是ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW
//則說明GetAdaptersInfo參數傳遞的內存空間不夠,同時其傳出stSize,表示需要的空間大小
//這也是說明爲什麼stSize既是一個輸入量也是一個輸出量
//釋放原來的內存空間
delete pIpAdapterInfo;
//重新申請內存空間用來存儲所有網卡信息
pIpAdapterInfo = (PIP_ADAPTER_INFO)new BYTE[stSize];
//再次調用GetAdaptersInfo函數,填充pIpAdapterInfo指針變量
nRel=GetAdaptersInfo(pIpAdapterInfo,&stSize);
}
if (ERROR_SUCCESS == nRel)
{
//輸出網卡信息
//可能有多網卡,因此通過循環去判斷
pAdapter = pIpAdapterInfo;
while (pAdapter)
{
cout<<"網卡數量:"<<++netCardNum<<endl;
cout<<"網卡名稱:"<<pAdapter->AdapterName<<endl;
cout<<"網卡描述:"<<pAdapter->Description<<endl;
switch(pAdapter->Type)
{
case MIB_IF_TYPE_OTHER:
cout<<"網卡類型:"<<"OTHER"<<endl;
break;
case MIB_IF_TYPE_ETHERNET:
cout<<"網卡類型:"<<"ETHERNET"<<endl;
break;
case MIB_IF_TYPE_TOKENRING:
cout<<"網卡類型:"<<"TOKENRING"<<endl;
break;
case MIB_IF_TYPE_FDDI:
cout<<"網卡類型:"<<"FDDI"<<endl;
break;
case MIB_IF_TYPE_PPP:
printf("PP\n");
cout<<"網卡類型:"<<"PPP"<<endl;
break;
case MIB_IF_TYPE_LOOPBACK:
cout<<"網卡類型:"<<"LOOPBACK"<<endl;
break;
case MIB_IF_TYPE_SLIP:
cout<<"網卡類型:"<<"SLIP"<<endl;
break;
default:
break;
}
cout<<"網卡MAC地址:";
for (DWORD i = 0; i < pAdapter->AddressLength; i++)
if (i < pAdapter->AddressLength-1)
{
printf("%02X-", pAdapter->Address[i]);
}
else
{
printf("%02X\n", pAdapter->Address[i]);
}
cout<<"網卡IP地址如下:"<<endl;
//可能網卡有多IP,因此通過循環去判斷
IP_ADDR_STRING *pIpAddrString =&(pAdapter->IpAddressList);
IPnumPerNetCard = 0;
do
{
cout<<"該網卡上的IP數量:"<<++IPnumPerNetCard<<endl;
cout<<"IP 地址:"<<pIpAddrString->IpAddress.String<<endl;
cout<<"子網地址:"<<pIpAddrString->IpMask.String<<endl;
cout<<"網關地址:"<<pAdapter->GatewayList.IpAddress.String<<endl;
pIpAddrString=pIpAddrString->Next;
} while (pIpAddrString);
if(getAdapterState(pAdapter->Index))
cout<<"網卡工作正常"<<endl;
else
cout<<"網卡工作異常"<<endl;
pAdapter = pAdapter->Next;
cout<<"--------------------------------------------------------------------"<<endl;
}
}
//釋放內存空間
if (pIpAdapterInfo)
{
delete []pIpAdapterInfo;
pIpAdapterInfo=NULL;
}
return 0;
}
運行界面如下:
關於本文更爲詳細的說明及代碼示例詳見:http://download.csdn.net/detail/lusirking/9562517