人生元編程

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"本文首發於"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://ourai.ws/","title":""},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"歐雷流"}]},{"type":"text","text":"。由於我會時不時對文章進行補充、修正和潤色，爲了保證所看到的是最新版本，請閱讀"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://ourai.ws/posts/life-metaprogramming/","title":""},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"原文"}]},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"看到文章的標題，你也許會問：什麼是「元編程」？它跟人生有什麼關係？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"何爲「元編程」"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在解釋「元編程」之前，先來說說「元 X」這種構詞。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一般來說，「元 X」被解釋爲「關於 X 的 X」，意思是用「X」所代表的東西去完成它本身，是「X」的進一步抽象——"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"In epistemology, and often in common use, the prefix "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":"meta-"},{"type":"text","text":" is used to mean "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":"about (its own category)"},{"type":"text","text":". For example, metadata are data about data (who has produced them, when, what format the data are in and so on). In a database, metadata are also data about data stored in a data dictionary and describe information (data) about database tables such as the table name, table owner, details about columns, – essentially describing the table. Also, metamemory in psychology means an individual's knowledge about whether or not they would remember something if they concentrated on recalling it. The modern sense of \"an X about X\" has given rise to concepts like \"meta-cognition\" (cognition about cognition), \"meta-emotion\" (emotion about emotion), \"meta-discussion\" (discussion about discussion), \"meta-joke\" (joke about jokes), and \"metaprogramming\" (writing programs that manipulate programs)."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"In a rule-based system, a metarule is a rule governing the application of other rules."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Any subject can be said to have a "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":"metatheory"},{"type":"text","text":", a theoretical consideration of its properties, such as its foundations, methods, form and utility, on a higher level of abstraction. In linguistics, a grammar is considered as being expressed in a metalanguage, language operating on a higher level to describe properties of the plain language (and not itself)."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"—— Wikipedia "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta","title":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":"Meta"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在軟件開發中，「元編程」是指利用編程語言提供的能夠改變語言本身某些特性的能力來進行編程，這種編程方式可以在一定程度上提高編程效率，還能夠實現一些高級功能。JS 中的 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Proxy","title":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Proxy"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 和 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Reflect","title":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Reflect"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 等就可以用來進行「元編程」。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"那麼「元編程」和人生又有什麼關係呢？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果把「人生」看成是一個「計算機程序」，「人」是用來編寫這個程序的「程序設計語言」，人的「認知」和「能力」能夠改變語言本身某些特性，那麼訓練並提高利用它們的技巧從而改變、操控自己的人生，就是「人生元編程」。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"世界本質"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"世界是由什麼組成？世界的本質是什麼？也許你會說是粒子，是物質，但我認爲是信息。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在這裏，「信息」是個相對抽象、泛化的概念，有不同的形態，如：物質、能量、圖形、文字、聲音、顏色等等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"信息有「普通信息」和「元信息」。普通信息分爲兩類：某種形態；從一種形態變爲另一種形態的過程。元信息具體是什麼樣的，應該只有神才知道，大概是類似於「邏各斯（logos）」那種東西。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"就像「能量守恆定律」一樣，信息總量也是守恆的——信息既不會憑空產生，也不會憑空消失，可以從一種形態轉換爲另外一種形態。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"就拿「人」來說——"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"「存在」本身就是一個信息，這個信息包含「肉身」和「靈魂」兩個子信息。其中，「肉身」來自於「精子」和「卵子」結合而成的「受精卵」；而「靈魂」則一直存在，或是其他什麼形態的信息轉換而來。「肉身」與「靈魂」在母體內通過某種方式結合，降生爲「嬰兒」。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"上段文字中的「存在」、「肉身」、「靈魂」、「精子」、「卵子」、「受精卵」、「嬰兒」等都是名詞，是以「某種形態」所體現的信息；而貫穿它們的「受精」、「降生」等爲動詞，是以「從一種形態變爲另一種形態的過程」所體現的信息。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一個「某種形態」的信息是由其他「某種形態」的信息組合、變換而來，將它們連接起來的是無數個「從一種形態變爲另一種形態的過程」的信息："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"A ===B==> A`"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除了上面說的「存在」本身，各種語言、方言中表達「人」這個語義的語音和文字，以及能夠讓人聯想起「人」的圖形、聲音等，都是「人」的不同形態。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"「人」和「人」的各種不同形態都是「信息」，它們之間的關係可以參考基督教中的「三位一體」。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"爲了方便理解，舉個更貼近日常的例子——"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"每個人都要喫飯和上廁所，如果不考慮細節以最粗粒度來說，從「喫飯」到「上廁所」有三個信息：「食物」、「消化」和「排泄物」。其中，「食物」和「排泄物」是「某種形態」，「消化」是「從一種形態變爲另一種形態的過程」。可以用表達式來表示："},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"💩 = f(🍚)"}]},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"用軟件工程相關知識來做類比，對於程序員來說更加容易理解——"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在由計算機程序構造的數字世界裏，「數據」就是「信息」——「普通數據」是「普通信息」，「元數據」是「元信息」；「數據結構」相當於「某種形態」，「算法」等價於「從一種形態變爲另一種形態的過程」。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"於是乎，「函數式編程」這種編程範式完美地詮釋了現實世界的基本運作方式。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"信息是現實世界的本質，數據是數字世界的本質，數字世界是現實世界的映射。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"抽象人生"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"既然世界的本質是信息，那麼越能夠獲得並操控更多的信息，就越能玩轉這個世界，也就越能"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://ourai.ws/posts/master-your-life/","title":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"將人生置於股掌"}]},{"type":"text","text":"——信息是世界最基本、最重要的，掌握更多信息並能將其有效利用者得天下。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"以此爲目標，「如何獲得信息」及「如何操控信息」就成爲了關鍵。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"信息的形態及其獲取並操控的方法千千萬，如果盲目地去做，即使耗費千百輩子也是不得要領。應該去觀察、思考它們背後哪些東西是不易變、必需的，將其作爲切入點建立思維模型——這！就是抽象。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"元認知"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"「元認知」包括「認知了解」與「認知調整」兩部分。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"認知了解"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一個人應該對人的認知相關的知識及自己在認知事物時的特點有所瞭解，瞭解了才能去調整；也應該知道人與人之間的認知是有差異的——有的人看問題是靜態的，只關注那個點的狀態；有的人看問題是動態的，關注後續的發展會有什麼影響；有的人看問題是立體的，能夠更全面地去評估。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"認知調整"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在對自己認知事物的特點有所瞭解的基礎上，需要對整個認知過程進行主動干預——將自己的認知作爲被觀察者持續觀察，各個步驟使用「5W2H」進行分析，當某個步驟出現問題或需要決策時及時進行調整。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"元能力"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"按照認知事物的遞進關係，簡單說說我認爲很基本、很重要的幾個元能力：關於「是什麼」的建模能力；關於「如何懂」的學習能力；關於「如何用」的管理能力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"建模能力"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"世間一切，皆爲模型。正如我在《"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://ourai.ws/posts/model-driven-frontend-web-development/","title":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我來聊聊模型驅動的前端開發"}]},{"type":"text","text":"》中所說——"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"模型是人們根據事物特徵將它們分類並抽象後的結果，建模是人們認知世界的一種方式。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"就像《聖經》裏描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