什麼是工程師思維？

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"其實這個問題，也很難用一句話來回答。不過我們可以轉換一個思路：既然是一個行業的特有思維，那麼必然有獨特之處。所以，我們可以從三個關鍵詞入手，這三個關鍵詞，工程師會常常掛在嘴邊，其他行業並不會經常提起。所以這三個特殊的詞，最能幫助我們瞭解工程師思維。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"第一個詞，叫做「需求」"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這個詞常常是工程師和其他同事產生矛盾的爆發點。其他同事會覺得，怎麼這麼簡單的需求，你們工程師就是實現不了。工程師會覺得，怎麼什麼樣的需求你都敢提。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"甚至有的公司還會流傳這樣的段子，叫「這個需求很簡單，怎麼實現我不管」。需求，成了最容易讓工程師抓狂的一個詞。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"爲什麼工程師會如此重視「需求」這件事兒，因爲這是他們所有工作的起點。如果我們用一個比喻，一個複雜項目就像是一場接力賽跑，工程師往往是跑後半程的人。別人提出需求，工程師根據需求完成接下來的工作，這個過程就像是傳遞接力棒。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"只不過這個交接棒的過程，不是在一條直直的跑道上，而是在哪都行。只要前一棒和後一棒商量好，在體育場門外邊交接棒也沒問題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不過，這樣的自由有時也是負擔，最怕是大家沒有商量好，前一棒在體育場外邊，後一棒在體育場裏邊，誰也找不到誰，那就麻煩了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這就是爲什麼，對於工程師來說，明確需求是一件非常非常重要的事情。這是工程師所有工作的起點。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在實際的工程中，這個交接棒的過程會比我們想象中複雜很多，客戶或者同事腦中的需求，可能是以模糊的普通語言形成的，而這一需求進入工程師腦中時，必須轉化爲數學和科學的專門用語。用普通人的語言，和工程師的語言，順利完成需求的交接，這件事很能看出一個工程師的水平和經驗。在一些大型工程中，甚至會工程師專門充當像翻譯一樣的角色，幫助需求順利交接。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"所以，思考需求，是工程師思考問題的起點。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"第二個詞，叫做「系統」"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"剛纔聊到發明家和工程師的區別時，我們談到其中最關鍵的因素是複雜。但是，剛纔我們沒有更深入地想一想，到底爲什麼會變得複雜。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這其中的關鍵，在於我們想象中的發明家，都是發明一個裝置，而現在的工程師，都是在創造一個系統。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"裝置只需要單一的技術，而系統，是技術的複合物。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"就像是自行車，看起來簡單，其實也是一個小系統。如果你把自行車拆解開，會發現它包含了很多裝置，從腳蹬到後輪是鏈條傳動，車把到前輪是連桿機構，如果是帶變速器的自行車，還有齒輪和齒輪的配合。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"總之，一輛小小的自行車，要比看起來複雜多了，是一個多種裝置互相配合的系統。那你可以想象，汽車、飛機甚至火箭，這樣的系統要多麼複雜。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一個系統包含的裝置多了，就會從量變升級爲質變。打個比方，這些裝置放到一起，不像是沙拉，多一點食材少一點食材並不影響整體的口感。一個複雜系統，更像是我們在烘焙蛋糕，原料放在一起，會產生各種化學反應，原料之間配合不好，也會產生意想不到的問題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"所以工程師面對一個系統，他所要解決的問題，要比每一個部分的問題加起來還多，不同的部分怎樣相互作用、相互聯繫以及相互影響，這些都是新的問題。這種1+1大於2的挑戰，就是工程師們要面對的複雜情況。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"所以每個工程師在思考問題時，不能只關注自己負責的那一個部分，而是要站在系統的層面去思考，看一個部分的變化，會不會對整個系統有影響。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"所以，思考系統，是工程師思考問題的獨特角度。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"第三個詞，叫「負反饋」"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這裏的負反饋指的可不是負面反饋，不是說工程師要天天被別人罵才能好好工作。負反饋指的是工程學一種獨特的創新方法。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"創新的過程，很像是在探險，不真正走在路上，不知道會遇到什麼樣的艱難險阻，所謂負反饋，就是根據這些險阻，去調整自己努力的方向。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對於工程師來說，想要加快創新的節奏，第一步不是快速解決問題，而是快速發現問題。就像我們常說的，提出一個好問題，比找到一個好答案更重要。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這其中的關鍵，就是以負反饋的方式進行創新。儘早遇到困難，尤其是遇到關鍵環節的困難，才能發現關鍵問題是什麼。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}