樹莓派3配置samba共享文件

環境：

raspberry 3B
raspberry jessie desktop

在樹莓派配置samba做共享文件時查了很多資料對於如何在類Unix系統中快速配置samba做簡單記錄。
包含

1. 安裝samba
2. 配置samba config文件
3. 如何在windows打開共享文件
4. 密碼相關

step 1 安裝samba

樹莓派或deb類使用
sudo apt-get install samba samba-client
創建共享文件
sudo mkdir /opt/shareDir

step2 配置smb.conf文件

文件位於 /etc/samba/smb.conf
sudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf 打開文件，nano是樹莓派自帶文本處理軟件，退出保存按Ctrl+X => y => Enter 保存成功。
該文檔需要修改的參數有

1. [global] wins support = yes 改爲yes
2. [Share Definitions] browseable = yes 改爲yes
3. [Share Definitions] read only = no 改爲no
4. 以下兩個改爲 0755

# create files with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
   create mask = 0755
# Directory creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create dirs. with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
   directory mask = 0755

5. 在末尾添加

[pi]
workgroup = pi #名字隨意起
security = pi
netbios name = pi
comment = pi home
path = /opt/shareDir 
browsable = yes
writeable = yes
read only = no

退出保存文件

設置自啓動
sudo systemctl start smbd.service
sudo systemctl enable smbd.service

step3 配置賬號

sudo smbpasswd -a pi
按照要求輸入兩次密碼
重啓samba服務器
sudo service samba restart
注：可能會報錯如下：Failed to start samba.service: Unit samba.service is masked.
則重啓命令改爲這樣重啓服務的命令如下：
sudo systemctl restart smbd.service即可。
————————————————
版權聲明：本文爲CSDN博主「anxuxiao」的原創文章，遵循 CC 4.0 BY-SA 版權協議，轉載請附上原文出處鏈接及本聲明。
原文鏈接

step4 windows端打開共享文件

會彈出窗口提示輸出賬號和密碼
賬號：pi
密碼：之前提示設了兩次的
完成共享文件打開

samba密碼設置/修改

賬號後臺方式

passdb backend = tdbsam passdb backend即用戶後臺。
有三種後臺：smbpasswd、tdbsam和ldapsam。Sam即security account manager。
我安裝的這個samba版本默認是 tdbsam，可以通過2中提到的命令查找到所有用戶，及對用戶進行一些設置操作。

1. smbpasswd：該方式是使用smb工具smbpasswd給系統用戶（真實用戶或者虛擬用戶）設置一個Samba 密碼，客戶端就用此密碼訪問Samba資源。smbpasswd在/etc/samba中，有時需要手工創建該文件。
2. tdbsam：使用數據庫文件創建用戶數據庫。數據庫文件叫passdb.tdb，在/etc/samba中。passdb.tdb用戶數據庫可使用smbpasswd –a創建Samba用戶，要創建的Samba用戶必須先是系統用戶。也可使用pdbedit創建Samba賬戶。

• pdbedit參數很多，列出幾個主要的：
• pdbedit –a username：新建Samba賬戶。
• pdbedit –x username：刪除Samba賬戶。
• pdbedit –L：列出Samba用戶列表，讀取passdb.tdb數據庫文件。
• pdbedit –Lv：列出Samba用戶列表詳細信息。
• pdbedit –c “[D]” –u username：暫停該Samba用戶賬號。
• pdbedit –c “[]” –u username：恢復該Samba用戶賬號。

3. ldapsam：基於LDAP賬戶管理方式驗證用戶。首先要建立LDAP服務，設置“passdb backend = ldapsam:ldap://LDAP Server”

密碼設置

1. 通過sudo smbpasswd -a pi設置
2. 通過上一個賬號後臺方式第2條中的命令，sudo pdbedit -a -u pi

這兩種方法都可以設置增加用戶設置密碼，

修改密碼

1. sudo smbpasswd pi 會直接提示你輸入新密碼
2. pdbedit -x pi刪除用戶後重新創建

引用：

samba服務配置文件詳解 中文
樹梅派samba的共享文件的搭建及問題解決

附：修改了的smb.conf文件

#
# Sample configuration file for the Samba suite for Debian GNU/Linux.
#
#
# This is the main Samba configuration file. You should read the
# smb.conf(5) manual page in order to understand the options listed
# here. Samba has a huge number of configurable options most of which 
# are not shown in this example
#
# Some options that are often worth tuning have been included as
# commented-out examples in this file.
#  - When such options are commented with ";", the proposed setting
#    differs from the default Samba behaviour
#  - When commented with "#", the proposed setting is the default
#    behaviour of Samba but the option is considered important
#    enough to be mentioned here
#
# NOTE: Whenever you modify this file you should run the command
# "testparm" to check that you have not made any basic syntactic 
# errors. 

#======================= Global Settings =======================

[global]

## Browsing/Identification ###

# Change this to the workgroup/NT-domain name your Samba server will part of
   workgroup = WORKGROUP
# ADD LLX 2020 03 10
#   server string = Samba Server Version
#   max log size = 50
#   security = user

# Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section:
# WINS Support - Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable its WINS Server
   wins support = yes 

# WINS Server - Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client
# Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both
;   wins server = w.x.y.z

# This will prevent nmbd to search for NetBIOS names through DNS.
   dns proxy = no

#### Networking ####

# The specific set of interfaces / networks to bind to
# This can be either the interface name or an IP address/netmask;
# interface names are normally preferred
;   interfaces = 127.0.0.0/8 eth0

# Only bind to the named interfaces and/or networks; you must use the
# 'interfaces' option above to use this.
# It is recommended that you enable this feature if your Samba machine is
# not protected by a firewall or is a firewall itself.  However, this
# option cannot handle dynamic or non-broadcast interfaces correctly.
;   bind interfaces only = yes



#### Debugging/Accounting ####

# This tells Samba to use a separate log file for each machine
# that connects
   log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m

# Cap the size of the individual log files (in KiB).
   max log size = 1000

# If you want Samba to only log through syslog then set the following
# parameter to 'yes'.
#   syslog only = no

# We want Samba to log a minimum amount of information to syslog. Everything
# should go to /var/log/samba/log.{smbd,nmbd} instead. If you want to log
# through syslog you should set the following parameter to something higher.
   syslog = 0

# Do something sensible when Samba crashes: mail the admin a backtrace
   panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d


####### Authentication #######

# Server role. Defines in which mode Samba will operate. Possible
# values are "standalone server", "member server", "classic primary
# domain controller", "classic backup domain controller", "active
# directory domain controller". 
#
# Most people will want "standalone sever" or "member server".
# Running as "active directory domain controller" will require first
# running "samba-tool domain provision" to wipe databases and create a
# new domain.
   server role = standalone server

# If you are using encrypted passwords, Samba will need to know what
# password database type you are using.  
   passdb backend = tdbsam

   obey pam restrictions = yes

# This boolean parameter controls whether Samba attempts to sync the Unix
# password with the SMB password when the encrypted SMB password in the
# passdb is changed.
   unix password sync = yes

# For Unix password sync to work on a Debian GNU/Linux system, the following
# parameters must be set (thanks to Ian Kahan <<[email protected]> for
# sending the correct chat script for the passwd program in Debian Sarge).
   passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u
   passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* .

# This boolean controls whether PAM will be used for password changes
# when requested by an SMB client instead of the program listed in
# 'passwd program'. The default is 'no'.
   pam password change = yes

# This option controls how unsuccessful authentication attempts are mapped
# to anonymous connections
   map to guest = bad user

########## Domains ###########

#
# The following settings only takes effect if 'server role = primary
# classic domain controller', 'server role = backup domain controller'
# or 'domain logons' is set 
#

# It specifies the location of the user's
# profile directory from the client point of view) The following
# required a [profiles] share to be setup on the samba server (see
# below)
;   logon path = \\%N\profiles\%U
# Another common choice is storing the profile in the user's home directory
# (this is Samba's default)
#   logon path = \\%N\%U\profile

# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the location of a user's home directory (from the client
# point of view)
;   logon drive = H:
#   logon home = \\%N\%U

# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the script to run during logon. The script must be stored
# in the [netlogon] share
# NOTE: Must be store in 'DOS' file format convention
;   logon script = logon.cmd

# This allows Unix users to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR
# RPC pipe.  The example command creates a user account with a disabled Unix
# password; please adapt to your needs
; add user script = /usr/sbin/adduser --quiet --disabled-password --gecos "" %u

# This allows machine accounts to be created on the domain controller via the 
# SAMR RPC pipe.  
# The following assumes a "machines" group exists on the system
; add machine script  = /usr/sbin/useradd -g machines -c "%u machine account" -d /var/lib/samba -s /bin/false %u

# This allows Unix groups to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR
# RPC pipe.  
; add group script = /usr/sbin/addgroup --force-badname %g

############ Misc ############

# Using the following line enables you to customise your configuration
# on a per machine basis. The %m gets replaced with the netbios name
# of the machine that is connecting
;   include = /home/samba/etc/smb.conf.%m

# Some defaults for winbind (make sure you're not using the ranges
# for something else.)
;   idmap uid = 10000-20000
;   idmap gid = 10000-20000
;   template shell = /bin/bash

# Setup usershare options to enable non-root users to share folders
# with the net usershare command.

# Maximum number of usershare. 0 (default) means that usershare is disabled.
;   usershare max shares = 100

# Allow users who've been granted usershare privileges to create
# public shares, not just authenticated ones
   usershare allow guests = yes

#======================= Share Definitions =======================

[homes]
   comment = Home Directories
   browseable = yes 

# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change the
# next parameter to 'no' if you want to be able to write to them.
   read only = no

# File creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create files with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
   create mask = 0755

# Directory creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create dirs. with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
   directory mask = 0755

# By default, \\server\username shares can be connected to by anyone
# with access to the samba server.
# The following parameter makes sure that only "username" can connect
# to \\server\username
# This might need tweaking when using external authentication schemes
   valid users = %S

# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons
# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)
;[netlogon]
;   comment = Network Logon Service
;   path = /home/samba/netlogon
;   guest ok = yes
;   read only = no 

# Un-comment the following and create the profiles directory to store
# users profiles (see the "logon path" option above)
# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)
# The path below should be writable by all users so that their
# profile directory may be created the first time they log on
;[profiles]
;   comment = Users profiles
;   path = /home/samba/profiles
;   guest ok = no
;   browseable = no
;   create mask = 0600
;   directory mask = 0700

[printers]
   comment = All Printers
   browseable = no
   path = /var/spool/samba
   printable = yes
   guest ok = no
   read only = no 
   create mask = 0700

# Windows clients look for this share name as a source of downloadable
# printer drivers
[print$]
   comment = Printer Drivers
   path = /var/lib/samba/printers
   browseable = yes
   read only = no 
   guest ok = no
# Uncomment to allow remote administration of Windows print drivers.
# You may need to replace 'lpadmin' with the name of the group your
# admin users are members of.
# Please note that you also need to set appropriate Unix permissions
# to the drivers directory for these users to have write rights in it
;   write list = root, @lpadmin
[pi]
workgroup = pi#名字隨意起
security = pi
netbios name = pi
comment = pi home
path = /opt/shareDir
browsable = yes
writeable = yes
read only = no