Docker 网络模式详解及容器间网络通信

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"当项目大规模使用 Docker 时，容器通信的问题也就产生了。要解决容器通信问题，必须先了解很多关于网络的知识。Docker 作为目前最火的轻量级容器技术，有很多令人称道的功能，如 Docker 的镜像管理。然而，Docker 同样有着很多不完善的地方，网络方面就是 Docker 比较薄弱的部分。因此，我们有必要深入了解 Docker 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查看。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"shell"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"[root@localhost ~]# docker network ls\nNETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE\n688d1970f72e bridge bridge local\n885da101da7d host host local\nf4f1b3cf1b7f none null local"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"　　"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"　　在学习 Docker 网络之前，我们有必要先来了解一下这几种网络模式都是什么意思。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/2e/2e91e1e707ce9bba410b28b0c0711862.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"　　"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"bridge 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接口（容器的网卡），另一个接口放置在宿主机的命名空间中，以类似 "},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"vethxxx"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 这样的名字命名，从而将宿主机上的所有容器都连接到这个内部网络上。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"　　比如我运行一个基于 "},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"busybox"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 镜像构建的容器 "},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"bbox01"}]},{"type":"text","text":"，查看 "},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"ip addr"}]},{"type":"text","text":"："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"busybox 被称为嵌入式 Linux 的瑞士军刀，整合了很多小的 unix 下的通用功能到一个小的可执行文件中。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/22/22294d0ff75d0537a339bb4a68156cae.png","alt":null,"title":" ","style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"　　然后宿主机通过 "},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"ip addr"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 查看信息如下："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/96/96f90c91c36ab4856b622b9ec89c22ca.png","alt":null,"title":" 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节点中可以看到详细信息。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/02/029eb7068eef9dd25a6c1a1f6240f83d.png","alt":null,"title":" ","style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"　　我们可以通过 "},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"docker network inspect bridge"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 查看所有 "},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"bridge"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 网络模式下的容器，在 "},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Containers"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 节点中可以看到容器名称。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/da/dac4584faa00f34d334812f6f321f507.png","alt":null,"title":" ","style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"　　关于 "},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"bridge"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 网络模式的使用，只需要在创建容器时通过参数 "},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"--net bridge"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 或者 "},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"--network bridge"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 指定即可，当然这也是创建容器默认使用的网络模式，也就是说这个参数是可以省略的。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"　　"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.infoq.cn/static/write/img/img-copy-disabled.4f2g7h.png","alt":null,"title":" ","style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Bridge 桥接模式的实现步骤主要如下："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Docker Daemon 利用 veth pair 技术，在宿主机上创建一对对等虚拟网络接口设备，假设为 veth0 和 veth1。而"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"\tveth pair 技术的特性可以保证无论哪一个 veth 接收到网络报文，都会将报文传输给另一方。"}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Docker Daemon 将 veth0 附加到 Docker Daemon 创建的 docker0 网桥上。保证宿主机的网络报文可以发往 veth0；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Docker Daemon 将 veth1 添加到 Docker Container 所属的 namespace 下，并被改名为 eth0。如此一来，宿主机的网络报文若发往 veth0，则立即会被 Container 的 eth0 接收，实现宿主机到 Docker Container 网络的联通性；同时，也保证 Docker Container 单独使用 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Compose 和 Docker Swarm。"}]}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/3f/3f2b7927a66dc6426ff7a6f46f8d35a3.gif","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"50%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"本文采用 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","title":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"知识共享「署名-非商业性使用-禁止演绎 4.0 国际」许可协议"}]},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"大家可以通过 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://mrhelloworld.com/categories/docker","title":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"分类"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 查看更多关于 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