漫话比特币（一）：基于交易的记账系统

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"自2008年中本聪发布比特币白皮书《比特币：一种点对点的电子现金系统》至今已十年有余，弹指一挥间，比特币从技术极客的玩具发展到现如今体量接近3000亿美元的抗通胀价值存储，比特币底层依赖的区块链技术更是在各行各业遍地开花。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在这十年间，关于比特币的媒体报道从未停止过，见诸报端的，时而是一夜造富的神话；时而是庞氏骗局、击鼓传花的警告，更有垂直网站在过去十年间无数次地宣告：比特币已死。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"那么，比特币到底是什么？它是一种货币吗？它到底是何方神圣、亦或是蛊惑人心的妖孽？溯本清源，要追寻这些问题的答案，咱们还是得从比特币系统的原理说起。如果说熙熙攘攘的数字货币市场是繁华的闹市，那么我们不如退隐山林，做个与世无争的山中居士，静静地翻开比特币的白皮书，沉下心来去了解比特币系统乃至区块链技术是如何工作的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"为此，InfoQ与FreeWheel技术专家吴磊独家合作了系列专栏《漫话比特币》，与各位读者一同探索比特币及区块链技术的奥秘。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在开始之前，"},{"type":"text","text":"咱们先来澄清两个紧密相连而又有所区别的概念：比特币系统与比特币代币。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"o"},{"type":"text","text":"  "},{"type":"text","text":"比特币系统（Bitcoin）"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"o"},{"type":"text","text":"  "},{"type":"text","text":"比特币代币（BTC）"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"比特币系统，指代的是基于点对点分布式网络、区块链存储、计算机安全等技术实现的去中心化交易系统。比特币代币，是由比特币系统‘发行’、附赠的加密数字货币（CryptoCurrency），大家平时听到的“比特币又涨了！”通常指代的都是比特币代币。在不同的场合与上下文语境中，比特币一词被频繁地交叉引用，时而指代比特币系统，时而指代比特币代币。因此，为了避免概念的混淆，在探讨比特币的过程中，我们对不同的名词与概念的对应关系做如下约定："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"o"},{"type":"text","text":"  "},{"type":"text","text":"比特币系统：Bitcoin，比特币，比特币电子现金系统，比特币交易系统"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"o"},{"type":"text","text":"  "},{"type":"text","text":"比特币代币：BTC"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"换句话说，在咱们的专栏里，Bitcoin、比特币、比特币系统、比特币交易系统以及比特币电子现金系统指代的都是比特币系统层面的概念；而比特币Token或BTC指代比特币代币，也就是数字货币市场中带价格属性的BTC。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"言归正传，说起比特币，就不得不提中本聪（Satoshi Nakamoto）的白皮书《比特币：一种点对点的电子现金系统》。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}