漫話比特幣（二）：非對稱加密

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在上一篇《"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/jp4doaYgsLliVcBwDzP0","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"基於交易的記賬系統"}]},{"type":"text","text":"》中，我們從一個全新的視角重新審視了現金 —— 就法幣來說，人們並不擁有法幣，而是擁有“支配法幣的權利”，這項權利是由各國政府賦予每一個公民的合法權益。儘管聽上去僅僅是換了一種說法，但是這樣的視角切換會讓我們更好地理解比特幣的本質。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在比特幣系統中，“賦予”人們支配權力的不再是任何一個國家或權威機構，而是每個人手中攥着的私鑰和公鑰。私鑰與公鑰的關係，就像是一個人的DNA與指紋的關係，獨一無二的DNA經過一系列精密的生物算法生成並世無兩的指紋。那麼，更技術一點，公私鑰究竟是什麼？非對稱加密又是什麼古老的黑魔法？本篇咱們就來探討比特幣幕後的Rule maker（制定規則的主宰）：非對稱加密算法。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/uploader.shimo.im\/f\/37jSE2D44PkVcf5W.png!thumbnail","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"50%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"DNA與指紋的類比"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對於絕大多數人來說，加密並不陌生，生活中隨處可見，如文檔加密、磁盤加密、網絡傳輸加密等等。不過，“加密”前面帶個“非對稱”，這就讓人丈二和尚 —— 摸不着頭腦了。沒有比較就沒有鑑別，鑑於“非對稱”這個字眼兒天生的神祕感，咱們不妨先來回顧一下對稱加密。所謂對稱加密，如計算機網絡中常用的DES算法、RC算法系列，指的是加密與解密這兩個成對的操作使用的是同一把祕鑰 —— 因此稱作"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"對稱"},{"type":"text","text":"加密。這很符合常識，生活中家裏的防盜門，我們都是用同一把鑰匙上鎖\/解鎖。對稱加密的優點是算法的計算量小、速度快、效率高；缺點也很明顯，列位想象一下，如果不小心把家裏防盜門的鑰匙弄丟了，就問你心裏慌不慌？因此，一直以來對稱加密的安全性飽受質疑，非對稱加密正是在這樣的背景下誕生的。"}]}]}