天下武功,唯”拆“不破| 技術人應知的創新思維模型 (4)

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第一性原理的思想方式是用物理學的角度看待世界,也就是說一層層","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#40A9FF","name":"blue"}}],"text":"撥開","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"事物表象,看到裏面的本質,再從本質一層層往上走。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" @SpaceX創始人-馬斯克","attrs":{}}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一、拆解能力的重要性","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在上一篇文章中我們曾經提及,","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"組合創新中一共爲兩步,第一步 拆解舊要素,第二步 排列新組合;","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"其中拆解的能力尤爲重要,對於創新,","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"拆解要素的能力即是最重要也是最基本的能力","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":";那麼各位看官一定會對此存疑,","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"”拆解“能力真的有那麼重要麼? 底層邏輯是什麼?","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" 老子《道德經》中有這樣一句話:","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"天下難事必作於易,天下大事必作於細。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"@老子 《道德經》","attrs":{}}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"意爲 ”","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"困難的事情必然是從容易做起,大的事情也必然是從細微小事做起","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"“;那怎麼樣讓難事做起來變容易,讓大事變得可以從細小做起? 無疑需要”拆解“,否則面對事情、面對問題你必然無從着手;","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"一方面對於創業,九死一生甚至十死無生,想要活下來不可謂不艱難? 活下來需要創新,而創新必然就要”拆解“;另一方面 唯有將複雜的問題拆解爲各個更具體的部分,才能降低解決問題的難度;唯有將目標拆解爲各個目標實現的基本要素,才能降低實現目標的難度;因此”拆解“要素的能力是最基本的能力。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" ","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"二、拆解的正確套路","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"言及於此,各位看官應該已經明瞭,”拆解“能力的重要性;那麼下面在讓我們看看”拆解“的套路;拆解在我看來分爲三步:","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" ","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"第一步:發現核心問題、確立問題解決的目標","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"第二步:發現問題的本質","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"第三步:圍繞問題本質,拆解相關要素","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" ","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"發現核心問題、確立問題解決的目標","attrs":{}}]}],"attrs":{}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"拆解和組合實際上一體的,我們在拆解實際問題時,應該以終爲始去拆解;因爲要素往往是繁多的,只有根據你所面對的問題、你所需要解決的目標去”拆“,才能更容易拆到問題的本質,找到達成目標的關鍵要素;所以如果","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"想要正確的拆解,無疑先要找對核心問題;問題開啓想象,答案終止思考;","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"開啓想象的核心問題一般是What類問題或Why類問題","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":",","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"爲什麼?HOW類型的問題往往是直線型思維,低維度思維,因此不能算是好問題;","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"什麼樣的問題算是好問題?","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"大家不妨先思考下你心中的答案:","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" ","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"比如“35歲大齡互聯網從業男性如何突破職業發展瓶頸?”,這種問題有兩個不太恰當的點:一是問題太大不夠具象,比如如果你是一名技術經理,你想突破發展瓶頸 成爲一名技術總監,那麼你的問題應該是“35歲+大齡互聯網從業男性如何突破職業發展瓶頸由技術經理成爲技術總監?” ;二是問題太過封閉、是一個直線型思考的問題;所以如果把問題換成“”35歲+大齡互聯網從業男性突破職業發展瓶頸由技術經理成爲技術總監的關鍵是什麼?“ 是否更加能開啓你的想象空間?這裏有個方法,當你面對問題時,不妨多嘗試將問題由HOW問題轉爲What類問題或者Why類的問題,進行高緯度思考;","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"提出好問題的能力價值千金,如果一開始問題就錯了,怎麼拆都沒有了意義。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"找對了問題,接着就是想明白問題要解決到什麼程度;現實世界不是一個非黑即白的世界,現實世界更不是一個充滿童話的世界;而是一個灰度的世界,充滿了不確定性的世界;問題的解決無疑不能不考慮ROI問題、不得不考慮時間條件、資源配置、技術發展、經濟結構等等;","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"爲了避免”出師未捷身先死,英雄氣短淚滿襟“,確立一個合適問題解決目標、合適的度也尤其重要。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" ","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"比如在上個世紀飛機逐步成爲了大衆遠途出行常選的交通工具,於是變有了越來越多的機場航站樓,航站樓是越來越宏大,行李的攜帶確變得越來越費力;畢竟不是人人都是大力水手;於是便有了 ”機場太大,航站樓太高,無法帶大件行李,但是遠行又往往需要帶大件行李“的問題,轉爲What問題就是“長距離省力方便攜帶行李箱的關鍵是什麼?”,關鍵點在於省力便捷,就像”馬拉車,牽着走,不是載着走”;不應是人提着行李走 或 搬着走,而是人拉着走,再智能點行李跟着走;但是受制於當時科技能力,人拉着走還是比較低成本可實現的想法;因此問題解決到人可以牽引着行李往前走就算是一個理想的目標、合適的度。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" ","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"發現問題的本質","attrs":{}}]}],"attrs":{}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"”發現問題的本質“,意爲通過對問題的探究當然也包括拆解,發現問題的主要矛盾、主要癥結、主要規律;從而可以有針對性的根據問題的本質進行拆解;限於篇幅,本文主要核心內容爲拆解,關於如何發現問題本質,可關注作者後續系列文章。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" ","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"圍繞問題本質,拆解相關要素","attrs":{}}]}],"attrs":{}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"拆解常見方法有兩種,一種方法爲尺度,另一種方法爲角度;","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"1、尺度","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" 尺度簡而言之就是拆得越細小,越能發現問題的關鍵要素,發現事物的本質;如馬斯克所創立的Boring公司的拆解案例:地下隧道是一種解決交通擁堵比較好的方式,但是地下隧道的成本特別高昂,在美國每公里的建設成本大約在","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"6.25","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"億美元,這無疑是一個天文數字,所以”制約地下隧道發展的關鍵是什麼?“是成本,讓我們來看下馬老闆如何去拆解的,見下圖:","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/c5/c5f7636fd6b748e036b2b364c4d82d7f.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" ","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"2、角度","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"角度簡而言之,就如喬爺所言“Think different””See things differently“;選擇不同的角度,可以讓你從紅海中找到藍海,如在電商這個紅海市場中拼多多的逆襲、今日頭條的“信息找人”;","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#a5a5a5","name":"user"}}],"text":"消費升級不是讓上海人去過巴黎人的生活,而是讓安徽安慶的人有廚房紙用、有好水果喫","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#a5a5a5","name":"user"}}],"text":"@黃崢  拼多多創始人","attrs":{}}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" ","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"三、拆解的結構化思維:MECE原則","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"對於拆解普通人靠得是經驗,高手靠的是結構化思維;無論是角度、還是尺度,拆解時都需遵循的常用原則是MECE原則,MECE原則即是拆解中的結構化思維,MECE中文譯爲相互獨立、完全窮盡:","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/f7/f75ef8b07667917fd6bb3f0d4180bf9b.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" ","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" 這樣的情景也許你並不陌生,”銷售業績遲遲上不去,不入流的Leader常常怒髮衝冠,採取的動作簡單粗暴,要麼裁員、要麼換銷售“,而一流的高手往往採取的策略則是拆解問題的表象,採用MECE的姿勢去分析問題:","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"銷售業績 = 客單價 * 客戶數","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"客單價 ","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" 價格上漲 ","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" 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可落地的方法包括二分法、矩陣法、公式法、流程法、框架法那麼具體如何去使用MECE原則,落地你的拆解,將會在後續文章中提及。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" ","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" ","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" ","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}
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