“被禁”的2020：華爲、中芯國際、臺積電和TikTok都經歷了什麼？

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"自2020年2月29日開始，美國新一輪重點針對中國半導體行業及大型科技公司的打擊又開始了....."}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"概述"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"本文，InfoQ盤點了2020年美國方面針對華爲、中芯國際、臺積電、TikTok公司的一系列操作及對應時間線。在盤點開始之前，我們先來回顧一切事件的起源。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2019年5月17日凌晨兩點，華爲海思總裁何庭波"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/dQE21r9NSQ2_6VeG7HWu","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"發表"}]},{"type":"text","text":"致員工的一封信，對華爲被美國商務部列入管制 “實體名單”事件做出正面迴應：華爲海思作爲“備胎”終於轉正了，華爲必當“科技自立”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"所謂“實體清單”是美國爲維護其國家安全利益，作爲出口管制的一個重要手段。簡單來說，“實體清單”就是一份“黑名單”，一旦進入此榜單就表明剝奪了相關企業在美國的貿易機會。雖說企業有正常程序可走、也有脫離清單的可能，但前提是契合美國的國家安全利益和外交政策需求（由美國政府判斷）。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"美國商務部稱，將把華爲及 70 家關聯企業列入其所謂的“實體清單”。這意味着，今後如果沒有美國政府的批准，華爲將無法向美國企業購買元器件。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"延展閱讀："},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/theme\/24","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"《紛爭中的科技公司百態》"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"自此之後，一系列針對華爲的禁令接踵而至，美國對中國科技公司的打擊也算是正式拉開序幕。隨着事態的不斷惡化，牽扯到的公司越來越多，甚至連學術圈、基金會都被捲了進來。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"延展閱讀："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/wUyj2aQ7Rw-U0Mk68QjO","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"《IEEE禁止華爲員工擔任審稿人，學術圈捲入中美貿易摩擦》"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/hCd0B_pW9TjJ6XfGbjWc","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"《IEEE最新迴應：解除對華爲的限制》"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2020年，美國則開始了重點針對中國半導體及科技巨頭的打擊。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2020年，半導體成爲紛爭重點"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/uploader.shimo.im\/f\/fxk8ejqRIEVoeJom.jpg!thumbnail","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"針對華爲的“斷芯令”持續發酵"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}