“被禁”的2020：华为、中芯国际、台积电和TikTok都经历了什么？

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"自2020年2月29日开始，美国新一轮重点针对中国半导体行业及大型科技公司的打击又开始了....."}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"概述"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"本文，InfoQ盘点了2020年美国方面针对华为、中芯国际、台积电、TikTok公司的一系列操作及对应时间线。在盘点开始之前，我们先来回顾一切事件的起源。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2019年5月17日凌晨两点，华为海思总裁何庭波"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/dQE21r9NSQ2_6VeG7HWu","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"发表"}]},{"type":"text","text":"致员工的一封信，对华为被美国商务部列入管制 “实体名单”事件做出正面回应：华为海思作为“备胎”终于转正了，华为必当“科技自立”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"所谓“实体清单”是美国为维护其国家安全利益，作为出口管制的一个重要手段。简单来说，“实体清单”就是一份“黑名单”，一旦进入此榜单就表明剥夺了相关企业在美国的贸易机会。虽说企业有正常程序可走、也有脱离清单的可能，但前提是契合美国的国家安全利益和外交政策需求（由美国政府判断）。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"美国商务部称，将把华为及 70 家关联企业列入其所谓的“实体清单”。这意味着，今后如果没有美国政府的批准，华为将无法向美国企业购买元器件。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"延展阅读："},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/theme\/24","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"《纷争中的科技公司百态》"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"自此之后，一系列针对华为的禁令接踵而至，美国对中国科技公司的打击也算是正式拉开序幕。随着事态的不断恶化，牵扯到的公司越来越多，甚至连学术圈、基金会都被卷了进来。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"延展阅读："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/wUyj2aQ7Rw-U0Mk68QjO","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"《IEEE禁止华为员工担任审稿人，学术圈卷入中美贸易摩擦》"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/hCd0B_pW9TjJ6XfGbjWc","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"《IEEE最新回应：解除对华为的限制》"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2020年，美国则开始了重点针对中国半导体及科技巨头的打击。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2020年，半导体成为纷争重点"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/uploader.shimo.im\/f\/fxk8ejqRIEVoeJom.jpg!thumbnail","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"针对华为的“断芯令”持续发酵"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}