讀《關於中臺的思考與嘗試》，我竟然懂得了這麼多！

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"原文：","attrs":{}},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/qzvf4wZCDfHvATdz7KAgSg","title":""},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"關於中臺的思考和嘗試","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“圍繞中臺的爭議非常多，很多是毫無意義的爭吵。” —— 車好多 CTO 郭東白","attrs":{}}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"中臺是在多個部門之間共享的開發資源所提供的業務能力、數據能力和計算能力的集合；前臺是面向終端用戶的一組業務能力，業務中臺是對前臺應用的抽象，提供多個前臺業務之間共享的業務邏輯、數據和計算能力。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"中臺本質是是一個對業務能力的抽象和共享的過程，中臺服務整個集團，它把一些分散的重複的開發工作集中起來， 通過共享同一個研發團隊來提升不同業務線之間的共性來獲取增量價值。諸如：以零成本研發加速上線、提升業務穩定性、加速技術和業務能力擴散、統一數據資產以及集團層次的資源高效利用。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對待中臺大家常常有兩種態度，一種是認爲中颱是一個完全錯誤的方向，要緊急剎車；另一種是認爲中颱就是技術終局，是業務增長的不二法門。我認爲中颱是個完全正確的方向。但是中臺是不是萬能藥，缺陷有幾方面：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"對創新的遏制；","attrs":{}}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"反人性：","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"中臺自身的場景往往缺乏前瞻設計 ，是對現有場景的抽象；","attrs":{}}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"過度設計：","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"中臺經常以最全的最複雜的實現來應對任何一個簡單的應用場景；","attrs":{}}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"喪失對客戶心智的追求：","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"中臺團隊的產品和研發的核心技能在於抽象和降本；","attrs":{}}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"適用範圍：中臺的使用範圍是有限的","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"，僅僅限於技術演化相對慢且功能通用性高的場景中。","attrs":{}}]}],"attrs":{}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"中臺的建設要有與之匹配的組織文化機制，這裏有這幾條原則需要遵守。諸如：誰來做中臺、誰的設計纔是真正合理的中臺設計，由市場決定；尊重原創，通過溯源和產權機制保護創新；自由准入， 不做獨家專供；不強制推行， 設計統一是演化的結果， 而不是行政命令。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"爲什麼車好多適合做中臺？","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"1，車好多具有足夠的場景複雜度和中臺增值空間，但是建設難度中等。2，好多的業務天生是低頻業務， QPS 低於傳統電商３～４個數量級， 所以做中臺有絕對優勢。3，車好多的主流業務和新興業務都在不同層次的迭代當中，所以我們的變更頻次比較高， 對做中臺也是利好。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"中臺變更復雜度 =（QPS*Count(BU)/ 變更頻次)。任何一個服務，QPS 越低，依賴這個服務的 BU 數越少，迭代的越頻繁， 那麼變更的難度越小， 變更帶來的風險越小。車好多的優勢是 QPS 增長不快，中臺變更復雜度隨着時間的變化非常慢，有更多時間打造。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另外車好多的中臺定位和組織文化是有保障的，在定位上，車好多中臺要解決的問題集中在集團高確定性和高通用性領域的技術和數據共享，我們不對創新業務探索加速。在組織保障層面上， 我們以加速業務迭代爲目標， 通過市場機制加速中臺的進化，通過內部開源且允許分支的方式加速進化和保障自由准入。在文化保障上，技術上我們關注設計, 崇尚簡約，鼓勵創新。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"車好多中臺的設計原則：第一，業務優先，第二，反膨脹軟件，第三，箇中臺要求扁平化微服務化設計，降低依賴深度，加速功能發現。第四，模塊化開發。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"綜上所述：中臺不是萬能的， 但是可以在高確定性和高通用性場景下能創造增量價值。中臺應該有合理的應用場景和時間窗口， 需要用一些設計原則來約束， 也需要相應的組織機制支持。中臺有自己的生命週期， 要做階段性的重構和重定位。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}