SEC新官上任，瑞波迎來轉機？

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"1月19日，Ripple CEO布拉德·加林豪斯（Brada a c Garlinghouse）發推稱：“祝賀Gary Gensler！我們準備與SEC領導層和更廣泛的拜登政府合作，爲美國的區塊鏈和加密技術創新規範道路。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此前消息稱，拜登將任命前美國商品期貨交易委員會（CFTC）主席、加密專家加里·根斯勒（Gary Gensler）擔任美國證交會主席。這會爲瑞波帶來轉機嗎？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"新SEC主席：加密需要監管"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"美國時間1月19日，美國總統當選人拜登"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/buildbackbetter.gov\/press-releases\/president-elect-biden-announces-additional-key-administration-posts-2\/","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"證實"}]},{"type":"text","text":"Gensler被任命爲新的SEC主席。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"自2017年5月起擔任SEC主席的傑伊·克萊頓(Jay clayton)於12月23日卸任後，由埃拉德·羅伊斯曼(Elad Roisman)作爲代理主席，根斯勒將接替羅伊斯曼成爲正式SEC主席。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Gensler在上世紀80年代和90年代在高盛(Goldman Sachs)工作了近20年，之後加入克林頓政府擔任財政部助理部長。他後來成爲前總統奧巴馬(Barack Obama)的重要金融監管者。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Gensler在2009年至2014年期間擔任CFTC主席，其中在2010年牽頭通過了旨在防止另一場金融危機的多德-弗蘭克法案。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"最近幾個月，Gensler主張對加密行業進行全國性的監管。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Gensler在2018年接受彭博採訪時表示：“如果我們真的認爲加密世界將成爲未來的一部分，那它就必須納入公共政策範圍之中”Gensler認爲，這意味着需要防範非法活動和保護投資者，加密交易所如Coinbase等，都需要納入SEC或CFTC監管之中。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2018年，Gensler還在麻省理工學院(MIT)教授了一門關於比特幣和區塊鏈如何在金融領域使用的"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/ocw.mit.edu\/courses\/sloan-school-of-management\/15-s12-blockchain-and-money-fall-2018\/index.htm","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"課程"}]},{"type":"text","text":"，包括支付系統、中央銀行、二級市場交易、風險資本、商業銀行、貿易融資等方面的內容，主要探索代幣及其衍生物市場和監管等。他在爲"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.coindesk.com\/even-if-a-thousand-projects-dont-make-it-blockchain-is-still-a-change-catalyst","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Coindesk"}]},{"type":"text","text":"撰寫的一篇文章中，將加密貨幣描述爲“變革的催化劑”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/96\/96c4a60aca0e297e817b9e1de3024180.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“共享的區塊鏈應用程序可能有助於在歷史上零散或難以改變的領域中，啓動多方網絡解決方案。作爲現有技術和傳統技術的創新刺激物，加密貨幣和區塊鏈技術已經推動了真正的變化，並將繼續這樣做，”他在2019年寫道。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“證券”標籤難去掉"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"本月底，領導了對Telegram ICO的起訴，以及針對Ripple Labs的未註冊證券訴訟的代理執行主管Marc Berger將於本月底離職。可以肯定的是，SEC對Ripple的訴訟將繼續在Gensler的領導下進行。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在MIT的課程裏，Gensler表示，基於Howey測試，XRP令牌“是一種不合規的安全”，即Ripple銷售XRP，而Ripple是一個普通的企業，如果沒有Ripple，XRP幾乎沒有什麼用途。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"根據 SEC 指控，Ripple 從 2013 年開始通過向美國和世界各地的投資者出售名爲 XRP 的數字資產籌集資金。Ripple 還分發了數十億瑞波幣，以換取非現金對價，如勞動力和做市服務。根據訴狀，除了組織和促進用於資助公司業務的瑞波幣銷售，Ripple 領導還進行了未註冊的 XRP 個人銷售，總額約爲 6 億美元，這未滿足任何豁免登記，違反了聯邦證券法的登記規定。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在 2018 年，Gensler公開表示“有充分的理由認爲 Ripple 是一種證券”。雖然對加密友好，如果Gensler仍堅持此觀點，Ripple 結果也未可知。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除了將希望寄託在Gensler身上，Ripple也試圖在努力展示自己的優勢，以求“曲線救國”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Ripple公司總法律顧問Stuart Alderoty曾表示，SEC認可XRP可作爲跨境支付的推動力。“SEC承認我們的客戶實際上將法定貨幣轉換爲XRP，然後將XRP轉移到接收者的轄區，最後將XRP轉換爲該地區的法定貨幣，需要大約90秒或更短時間。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Ripple首席技術官David Schwartz近日分享了XRP分類賬上的一個新功能，即如何幫助機構發行由存款支持的穩定幣。Schwartz表示，金融機構可以使用XRP分類賬發行自己的穩定幣，而名爲““Issued Currencies”的新平臺可以幫助他們做到這一點。該平臺可以用於發行和管理任何數字資產，以及前述的穩定幣。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"根據Ripple職位發佈表明，其已經與世界各地的多家中央銀行合作，以測試XRPL上的數字中央銀行貨幣（CBDC）。預計中央銀行技術合作夥伴經理將領導和監督CBDC項目的實施。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此前，Ripple公司近期發佈一份關於央行數字貨幣（CBDC）演變的報告，認爲XRP可以爲這些銀行發行的穩定幣提供支持，作爲它們的橋樑貨幣。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"據悉，對於美國證券交易委員會針對Ripple發起的訴訟，紐約南部地區法院已將該案件的開庭日期定爲2021年2月22日。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}