王棟：做尋找問題本質的管理者，應該如何用好工具和方法論？｜TGO 專訪

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"王棟，小幫規劃 CTO、TGO 鯤鵬會（北京）學員，原雪球 CTO （2011-2018），經歷了雪球從初創到 D 輪的技術平臺和團隊搭建的全過程，擁有超過 15 年互聯網產品開發、架構經驗，以及 10 年以上產品技術團隊管理經驗。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在互聯網金融行業做了近十年的 CTO ，王棟的身上散發着一股認真勁。他花了一個多小時講述了現在從事的工作，娓娓道來自己的一些從業經歷，分享了做好技術管理的一些心得體會。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對於這個時代的發展，他有着清晰的看法，“互聯網時代的潛力還沒有完全被挖掘出來，而技術帶來的力量最終還是要和產業進行結合，才能把業務做大。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"他認爲很多方法經驗的進步，都和工具使用、方法論以及管理息息相關，而最終要實際去做的，就是通過技術和產業的結合，把複雜的業務場景支撐起來。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對未來，他斷言道，“未來 20 年的趨勢，肯定是互聯網從在生活落地，慢慢轉變到在產業落地，其中有大量的機會，產生價值的量級肯定比現在高出 10 倍到 100 倍。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2018 年，王棟加入小幫規劃擔任 CTO，繼續着“尋找問題本質”的技術管理之路。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"抓住市場風口，做好金融規劃"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"小幫規劃的定位是面向大衆的家庭資產規劃服務平臺，注重通過互聯網技術賦能金融服務。自 2017 年創辦以來，小幫規劃獲得了來自騰訊、紅杉中國、美國再保險集團、藍馳創投等知名機構超過 3 億元的戰略投資。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"巧合的是，本文刊出當日，小幫規劃官宣完成了數億元 B+ 輪融資，由 DST Global 的合夥人和領渢資本領投，主要老股東騰訊、紅杉資本中國基金、藍馳創投全部跟投。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"王棟之所以會選擇這個行業，是因爲他看到了這個領域內有許多需要解決的問題。包括金融行業的潛力發掘，人們對行業的認知誤區，以及主流市場的缺失等等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在談話中他拋出這樣一些事實：中國的經濟發展一直在快速增長，人均 GDP 達到了 1.1 萬美元，而且還在不斷上升，可支配的收入也越來越多，對這部分資金的規劃，就有着很大的想象空間。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"當前，中國的可支配金融資產大約有 138 萬億，其中 50% 是現金和儲蓄，這也意味着有 70 多萬億可被用在投資等領域。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另外還有一組數據表明，美國金融資產在 GDP 中的佔比約爲 150%，而中國只佔到了 80%。中美在資金分配的問題上，差了很大的距離。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"當然機會只是一方面，另一個方面還在於他自己的興趣使然，他說道，“因爲從產業的角度去看，沒有被互聯網改造的產業裏面自己又比較感興趣，自己還比較瞭解的事物，大概就只剩下了金融這條路線。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/86\/90\/86bbd1bf0f40a13570c3238e81d48e90.jpeg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"100%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果說大方向是自己的興趣，那如何去細化和操作就取決於他的視角和邏輯，因爲在王棟眼裏金融規劃是把複雜的事情簡單化，最終目的就是把體系很複雜的金融體系，做成對用戶簡單易接受的產品服務。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"因此小幫正在進行資產規劃、服務顧問、教育啓蒙等業務，以幫助用戶去梳理用戶的整個家庭資產。王棟說道“我們比較重要的一個目的，就是幫助大家管好保命的錢，並增加抗風險的能力和獲得穩定收益”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在提倡差異化的現在，王棟清晰地道出了小幫的優勢。涉及保險層面，他們對標了兩家傳統企業，分別是純線下和純線上的平臺。前者非常依賴人的行動，公司通常無法追蹤全流程；後者則是直接擺出了商品，缺乏的是入門的溝通指南。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"因此小幫的一個重點是通過服務和解答，降低保險和理財的門檻，並通過多種產品建立起了教育諮詢系統。他們解決問題的思路在於，充分利用成熟的工具和方法，將機器和人進行結合，把所有的流程標準化，並在質量和合規上進行嚴格的把關，最後輸出對用戶友好的方案。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"王棟介紹道，“普通用戶在這保險理財上的需求非常大，但有多人並不知道怎麼學習，最終無法入門。”小幫要做的一件事情就是幫助到這一羣人。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"推動一個行業，抓住時代的紅利"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除了對金融行業的偏愛以外，想給這個行業帶來新的改變，也是他在行業裏不斷耕耘的一個原因。因爲在他看來，互聯網時代帶來的變革性進步還未被完全發掘。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"客觀來講，雖然網絡無處不在，但對整個社會的企業而言，發展的程度還遠遠不夠。他解釋道，“大部分傳統行業的人不知道互聯網如何運作，不管技術產品的運營，還是組織能力、組織形式等問題，很多人完全不知道。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"與此同時，互聯網時代的一些管理方式，正在爲社會帶來巨大的影響。王棟說起一個變化，在 20 年前至 10 年前，美國最大的企業是石油公司，而現在則是科技公司，其中的原因是一些工具和方法論的出現，讓科技公司能夠管理更多的人員和業務，最後實現了快速的發展飛躍。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如何通過技術的手段，去改變這個行業的現狀，也是他正在着手推動的事情，“此前只有高級用戶才能體驗到的服務，比如私人理財、稅務、資產規劃等，而現在結合互聯網和專業資源，降低了服務門檻，每個家庭都可以擁有 VIP 級別的服務。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在這樣的大背景下，他於 2018 年進入了小幫規劃，遵從着自己內心的熱愛，在這個有着巨大市場的領域施展拳腳。而他要着重解決的問題，是要做出能夠帶來改變的技術體系。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/b2\/49\/b2bfa9975yyc3507ac9a56cee259c549.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"100%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"任何決定都不是輕易作出的，在正式加入小幫規劃之前，王棟和小幫規劃的創始人進行了多次的深入溝通，以評判自己是否適合加入。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"探討的問題包括怎樣看待企業業績的發展目標，如何實現計劃的目標，怎樣建立組織，怎樣看待企業存在的問題，怎樣看待技術和產品的方面，以及如何看待員工，將採取怎樣的具體措施等等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"當釐定了這些具體的細節問題，在主要的方面都達成一致和匹配，雙方發現對業務的預期比較符合，此外加上兩人比較合拍，所以他最終加入小幫規劃。可以說在這次選擇裏，已經不是在尋找一項工作，而是如何找到對的人，一起創建有價值和意義的事情。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"王棟在加入小幫規劃之後，就開始從業務層面做一些梳理規劃，並幫助分析業務需要什麼樣的產品技術支持，“我開始從頭搭建了一些事情，比如重新構建了整個產品和技術體系，確保整個體系有足夠的擴展性來支持業務的長期發展目標。”"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"做好技術管理，需尋找問題的本質然後解決"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"幫別人管好財產只是工作的呈現形式，而作爲公司的首席技術官，要管好公司的研發團隊，還需要很多的策略技巧。在王棟眼裏，一個好的管理者應該是積極尋找問題本質的類型，“他必須從解決問題的角度去進行思考。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/63\/04\/63603c05c1e1bfc7a3c0c93e71464f04.jpg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"100%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"具體而言就是在碰到問題時，不論是團隊問題還是代碼問題，管理者需要有主動思考的意識，去想清楚該如何解決問題，“如果要解決的問題不是單點的，就需要站在更高的地方去看待這個問題。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"比如管理者需要找到企業發展的第一要務，還要清楚用什麼樣的方式去進行解決，同時具備目標拆解和實踐的能力，他說到規劃很重要，“要想清楚一年的目標是啥？3 年目標、 5 年目標是什麼？”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"定了目標之後還要去大膽實踐，他說道，“一個很重要的地方是先要把流程跑通，然後通過技術或產品的手段去賦能，以此來提高效率，最終實現規模化。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"至於怎樣用技術去提升業務效率，生產出一些新的模式，也是一件值得被重視的事情。他用大規模外賣服務的爆發來舉例，“之前很多人是用原始的方式在送外賣，到了餓了麼、美團之後，他們用技術的方式讓規模一下擴大了 1 千倍，1 萬倍，非常快地改變了這個行業。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除了能夠有明確的想法和策略，他多次強調道能否成爲好的技術管理者，還取決於解決問題的意願到底有多強烈。而他自己，也是一個會追根溯源並解決問題的人。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"王棟認爲解決問題的核心在於找對方向，並強調不是指純技術問題，而是和人員安排、結構處理，甚至是基礎設施相關的方面。他說，“我們需要判斷到底是哪方面出現了問題，然後再解決掉這個問題。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"因爲管理上有很多屬於灰色的領域，如果是從技術轉入管理，就需要摒棄技術可以搞定一切的思維。而管理最重要的是解決問題，而不是侷限於某一種特定角色，他補充道，“要從團隊的角度出發，思考團隊是否能按照正常的方式去構建或者運作。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"提及項目評估，王棟看重的地方在於，必須判斷其特點是業務複雜還是技術挑戰大？在進行匹配時，需要匹配什麼樣的基礎設施？該如何進行排兵佈陣？以及如何去進行任務的分配、分工等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"好的管理者不僅要關注項目問題，還必須管理好自己的員工，解決人的問題。王棟說，“對員工的關心，說得簡單一點就是在安排工作時，最終弄清楚到底是因爲行政命令，還是說員工願意做這件事情，還要知道他適不適合這個項目。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/94\/ba\/94a40c8da4c8d728687bf39e237542ba.jpg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"100%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"他提及同理心的重要性，分析到要學會從對立面去看問題，去搞清楚對方現在會怎麼想，有沒有接觸到特別明確的目標，是否規劃了很好的成長路徑，然後評估做的事情是否有挑戰，和職業規劃是否匹配，甚至細緻到去判斷一個人的狀態好壞。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"當團隊的成員遇到困難時，王棟也有一套對策，他提倡先不要去質疑，去了解他爲什麼碰到的困難，困難的原因是什麼，有沒有可能去幫助他去克服或者解決這個問題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在王棟看來，好的管理者需要思考有沒有幫助同學去發展，最理想的情況是業務基礎設施和員工能力是百分百匹配，大家目標十分清晰，個人成長性也很高，“最好的局面就是當事人樂意做這件事情，並且能把這件事情做好。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果還是出現了錯配的狀況，他提倡要及時去解決，“需要去搞清楚，錯配是因爲對他的期望不正確，或者是他做錯了，還是任務本身就不成立。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在王棟的身上，似乎顯露這樣一條規律：無論如何，leader 要去做那個發現並解決核心問題的人，這可能就是技術管理的本質。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/d5\/80\/d59c008c37a27798yya314177990c680.jpg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"100%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}