王栋：做寻找问题本质的管理者，应该如何用好工具和方法论？｜TGO 专访

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"王栋，小帮规划 CTO、TGO 鲲鹏会（北京）学员，原雪球 CTO （2011-2018），经历了雪球从初创到 D 轮的技术平台和团队搭建的全过程，拥有超过 15 年互联网产品开发、架构经验，以及 10 年以上产品技术团队管理经验。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在互联网金融行业做了近十年的 CTO ，王栋的身上散发着一股认真劲。他花了一个多小时讲述了现在从事的工作，娓娓道来自己的一些从业经历，分享了做好技术管理的一些心得体会。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"对于这个时代的发展，他有着清晰的看法，“互联网时代的潜力还没有完全被挖掘出来，而技术带来的力量最终还是要和产业进行结合，才能把业务做大。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"他认为很多方法经验的进步，都和工具使用、方法论以及管理息息相关，而最终要实际去做的，就是通过技术和产业的结合，把复杂的业务场景支撑起来。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"对未来，他断言道，“未来 20 年的趋势，肯定是互联网从在生活落地，慢慢转变到在产业落地，其中有大量的机会，产生价值的量级肯定比现在高出 10 倍到 100 倍。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2018 年，王栋加入小帮规划担任 CTO，继续着“寻找问题本质”的技术管理之路。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"抓住市场风口，做好金融规划"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"小帮规划的定位是面向大众的家庭资产规划服务平台，注重通过互联网技术赋能金融服务。自 2017 年创办以来，小帮规划获得了来自腾讯、红杉中国、美国再保险集团、蓝驰创投等知名机构超过 3 亿元的战略投资。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"巧合的是，本文刊出当日，小帮规划官宣完成了数亿元 B+ 轮融资，由 DST Global 的合伙人和领沨资本领投，主要老股东腾讯、红杉资本中国基金、蓝驰创投全部跟投。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"王栋之所以会选择这个行业，是因为他看到了这个领域内有许多需要解决的问题。包括金融行业的潜力发掘，人们对行业的认知误区，以及主流市场的缺失等等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在谈话中他抛出这样一些事实：中国的经济发展一直在快速增长，人均 GDP 达到了 1.1 万美元，而且还在不断上升，可支配的收入也越来越多，对这部分资金的规划，就有着很大的想象空间。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"当前，中国的可支配金融资产大约有 138 万亿，其中 50% 是现金和储蓄，这也意味着有 70 多万亿可被用在投资等领域。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另外还有一组数据表明，美国金融资产在 GDP 中的占比约为 150%，而中国只占到了 80%。中美在资金分配的问题上，差了很大的距离。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"当然机会只是一方面，另一个方面还在于他自己的兴趣使然，他说道，“因为从产业的角度去看，没有被互联网改造的产业里面自己又比较感兴趣，自己还比较了解的事物，大概就只剩下了金融这条路线。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/86\/90\/86bbd1bf0f40a13570c3238e81d48e90.jpeg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"100%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果说大方向是自己的兴趣，那如何去细化和操作就取决于他的视角和逻辑，因为在王栋眼里金融规划是把复杂的事情简单化，最终目的就是把体系很复杂的金融体系，做成对用户简单易接受的产品服务。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"因此小帮正在进行资产规划、服务顾问、教育启蒙等业务，以帮助用户去梳理用户的整个家庭资产。王栋说道“我们比较重要的一个目的，就是帮助大家管好保命的钱，并增加抗风险的能力和获得稳定收益”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在提倡差异化的现在，王栋清晰地道出了小帮的优势。涉及保险层面，他们对标了两家传统企业，分别是纯线下和纯线上的平台。前者非常依赖人的行动，公司通常无法追踪全流程；后者则是直接摆出了商品，缺乏的是入门的沟通指南。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"因此小帮的一个重点是通过服务和解答，降低保险和理财的门槛，并通过多种产品建立起了教育咨询系统。他们解决问题的思路在于，充分利用成熟的工具和方法，将机器和人进行结合，把所有的流程标准化，并在质量和合规上进行严格的把关，最后输出对用户友好的方案。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"王栋介绍道，“普通用户在这保险理财上的需求非常大，但有多人并不知道怎么学习，最终无法入门。”小帮要做的一件事情就是帮助到这一群人。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"推动一个行业，抓住时代的红利"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除了对金融行业的偏爱以外，想给这个行业带来新的改变，也是他在行业里不断耕耘的一个原因。因为在他看来，互联网时代带来的变革性进步还未被完全发掘。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"客观来讲，虽然网络无处不在，但对整个社会的企业而言，发展的程度还远远不够。他解释道，“大部分传统行业的人不知道互联网如何运作，不管技术产品的运营，还是组织能力、组织形式等问题，很多人完全不知道。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"与此同时，互联网时代的一些管理方式，正在为社会带来巨大的影响。王栋说起一个变化，在 20 年前至 10 年前，美国最大的企业是石油公司，而现在则是科技公司，其中的原因是一些工具和方法论的出现，让科技公司能够管理更多的人员和业务，最后实现了快速的发展飞跃。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如何通过技术的手段，去改变这个行业的现状，也是他正在着手推动的事情，“此前只有高级用户才能体验到的服务，比如私人理财、税务、资产规划等，而现在结合互联网和专业资源，降低了服务门槛，每个家庭都可以拥有 VIP 级别的服务。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在这样的大背景下，他于 2018 年进入了小帮规划，遵从着自己内心的热爱，在这个有着巨大市场的领域施展拳脚。而他要着重解决的问题，是要做出能够带来改变的技术体系。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/b2\/49\/b2bfa9975yyc3507ac9a56cee259c549.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"100%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"任何决定都不是轻易作出的，在正式加入小帮规划之前，王栋和小帮规划的创始人进行了多次的深入沟通，以评判自己是否适合加入。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"探讨的问题包括怎样看待企业业绩的发展目标，如何实现计划的目标，怎样建立组织，怎样看待企业存在的问题，怎样看待技术和产品的方面，以及如何看待员工，将采取怎样的具体措施等等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"当厘定了这些具体的细节问题，在主要的方面都达成一致和匹配，双方发现对业务的预期比较符合，此外加上两人比较合拍，所以他最终加入小帮规划。可以说在这次选择里，已经不是在寻找一项工作，而是如何找到对的人，一起创建有价值和意义的事情。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"王栋在加入小帮规划之后，就开始从业务层面做一些梳理规划，并帮助分析业务需要什么样的产品技术支持，“我开始从头搭建了一些事情，比如重新构建了整个产品和技术体系，确保整个体系有足够的扩展性来支持业务的长期发展目标。”"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"做好技术管理，需寻找问题的本质然后解决"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"帮别人管好财产只是工作的呈现形式，而作为公司的首席技术官，要管好公司的研发团队，还需要很多的策略技巧。在王栋眼里，一个好的管理者应该是积极寻找问题本质的类型，“他必须从解决问题的角度去进行思考。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/63\/04\/63603c05c1e1bfc7a3c0c93e71464f04.jpg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"100%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"具体而言就是在碰到问题时，不论是团队问题还是代码问题，管理者需要有主动思考的意识，去想清楚该如何解决问题，“如果要解决的问题不是单点的，就需要站在更高的地方去看待这个问题。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"比如管理者需要找到企业发展的第一要务，还要清楚用什么样的方式去进行解决，同时具备目标拆解和实践的能力，他说到规划很重要，“要想清楚一年的目标是啥？3 年目标、 5 年目标是什么？”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"定了目标之后还要去大胆实践，他说道，“一个很重要的地方是先要把流程跑通，然后通过技术或产品的手段去赋能，以此来提高效率，最终实现规模化。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"至于怎样用技术去提升业务效率，生产出一些新的模式，也是一件值得被重视的事情。他用大规模外卖服务的爆发来举例，“之前很多人是用原始的方式在送外卖，到了饿了么、美团之后，他们用技术的方式让规模一下扩大了 1 千倍，1 万倍，非常快地改变了这个行业。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除了能够有明确的想法和策略，他多次强调道能否成为好的技术管理者，还取决于解决问题的意愿到底有多强烈。而他自己，也是一个会追根溯源并解决问题的人。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"王栋认为解决问题的核心在于找对方向，并强调不是指纯技术问题，而是和人员安排、结构处理，甚至是基础设施相关的方面。他说，“我们需要判断到底是哪方面出现了问题，然后再解决掉这个问题。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"因为管理上有很多属于灰色的领域，如果是从技术转入管理，就需要摒弃技术可以搞定一切的思维。而管理最重要的是解决问题，而不是局限于某一种特定角色，他补充道，“要从团队的角度出发，思考团队是否能按照正常的方式去构建或者运作。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"提及项目评估，王栋看重的地方在于，必须判断其特点是业务复杂还是技术挑战大？在进行匹配时，需要匹配什么样的基础设施？该如何进行排兵布阵？以及如何去进行任务的分配、分工等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"好的管理者不仅要关注项目问题，还必须管理好自己的员工，解决人的问题。王栋说，“对员工的关心，说得简单一点就是在安排工作时，最终弄清楚到底是因为行政命令，还是说员工愿意做这件事情，还要知道他适不适合这个项目。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/94\/ba\/94a40c8da4c8d728687bf39e237542ba.jpg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"100%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"他提及同理心的重要性，分析到要学会从对立面去看问题，去搞清楚对方现在会怎么想，有没有接触到特别明确的目标，是否规划了很好的成长路径，然后评估做的事情是否有挑战，和职业规划是否匹配，甚至细致到去判断一个人的状态好坏。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"当团队的成员遇到困难时，王栋也有一套对策，他提倡先不要去质疑，去了解他为什么碰到的困难，困难的原因是什么，有没有可能去帮助他去克服或者解决这个问题。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在王栋看来，好的管理者需要思考有没有帮助同学去发展，最理想的情况是业务基础设施和员工能力是百分百匹配，大家目标十分清晰，个人成长性也很高，“最好的局面就是当事人乐意做这件事情，并且能把这件事情做好。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果还是出现了错配的状况，他提倡要及时去解决，“需要去搞清楚，错配是因为对他的期望不正确，或者是他做错了，还是任务本身就不成立。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在王栋的身上，似乎显露这样一条规律：无论如何，leader 要去做那个发现并解决核心问题的人，这可能就是技术管理的本质。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/d5\/80\/d59c008c37a27798yya314177990c680.jpg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"100%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}