硅式鄙視：我們還在996，他們已經連955都不要了

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"數據顯示，未來兩年內，美國將有 25％至 30％的勞動力定期在家工作。因疫情引發的在家辦工模式正在逐步成爲以硅谷爲主的科技公司的日常辦公模式，甚至一些公司已經開始摸索除了在家辦公之外的新型辦公模式。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“朝九晚五已經成爲過去”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"本週二，美國客戶關係管理 (CRM) 軟件服務提供商 Salesforce 宣佈在新冠疫情結束之後，員工仍可以根據實際需求申請長期遠程辦公。在該項“Work from Anywhere”（隨處辦公）計劃中，Salesforce 爲員工提供了三種選擇：彈性辦公、完全遠程與完全辦公室辦公。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"選擇彈性辦公的員工，每週只需要親自到崗 1～3 天，用以處理團隊協作、客戶會議以及現場演示等遠程方式難以完成的任務。大多數員工都可以選擇這種彈性工作制。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"部分員工可以選擇完全遠程辦公，主要爲距離公司辦公地點較遠、或者沒必要親臨辦公室的員工提供便利。當然，本地員工也可以選擇徹底在家辦公。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而對於辦公室辦公，Salesforce 相信這在未來將是最少人選擇的模式。在 Salesforce 全球 49000 多名員工當中，即使有人選擇該方式，每週也只需要到崗 4～5 天。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除了在家辦公，Salesforce 還提出了更大的辦公改革。Salesforce 總裁兼首席人力官 Brent Hyder 表示，“每天到崗的工作方式已經不再適應這個時代，朝九晚五已經成爲過去。員工的良好工作體驗也不應僅限於大樓裏的活動室或者豐富的零食飲料。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"同時，員工工作方式的轉變也將反過來影響 Salesforce 實體辦公場所的具體規劃。目前，Salesforce 僅在北美地區就設有 19 家辦事處，其中包括舊金山當地新近完工的 Salesforce Tower——一座高達 1070 英尺的摩天大樓，建築成本達 11 億美元。在 Hyder 看來，未來這些辦公室將被重新規劃爲專供協作及分組討論使用的“社區中心”空間，而不再像過去那樣塞滿一排排擁擠的辦公桌。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“現在是時候過渡成靈活辦公了”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"就像蘋果 CEO 庫克說的：公司不可能再回到疫情前那樣辦公了。根據 LinkedIn 的勞動力信心指數，大約一半的美國專業人士認爲，他們的公司將允許他們在疫情爆發後的一段時間內仍選擇遠程辦公，這一情況在科技、金融和媒體行業中尤甚。事實也確實如此。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/wechat\/images\/61\/617169e214c2b1aff0772a49049ae5f8.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前，“在家辦公 + 在辦公室工作”的混合模式是大多數硅谷科技公司選擇的方式。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"谷歌雖然表示員工要在今年 9 月返回辦公室，但在安全返回辦公室後，谷歌將進行一次“靈活工作周”測試。根據該計劃，員工每週至少有三天需要在辦公室，推進需要協作的工作，而其他時間則可以在家工作。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"谷歌母公司 Alphabet 的首席執行官桑達爾•皮查伊（Sundar Pichai）表示，“我們正在驗證一種假設，即靈活的工作模式將帶來更高的生產率、協作和幸福感。”皮查伊認爲，儘管有公司已經開始測試完全混合的勞動力模式，但像谷歌這樣規模的公司還沒有完全創建起這種模式，這種嘗試很有趣。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"爲方便員工上班，谷歌考慮增設更多小型的辦公地點，減少通勤帶來的問題。同時，對於不適應遠程工作的員工，谷歌表示將開發新方法，來幫助其彌補在家辦公和在辦公室辦公之間的差距。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"開啓新模式測試的還有 Facebook。Facebook 在去年就表示，在大流行之後，仍將接受永久在家辦公的形式。扎克伯格表示，Facebook 將開放遠程招聘，允許特定員工全職遠程工作。預計在未來 5～10 年間，該公司 50% 的員工可能將遠程工作。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"扎克伯格認爲這一決定應將有助於 Facebook 提高員工留職率，並幫助公司招聘到那些不會考慮搬到大城市工作的人才。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Spotify 作爲最新宣佈未來將給予員工更多自由的公司之一，近日表示員工將可以通過“Work From Anywhere (WFA)”戰略選擇在任何地方工作，而不只是侷限在家或辦公室中。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“過去一年的事件加速了我和執行團隊對未來的思考，我們相信現在是開始過渡成爲靈活辦公、分佈式辦公公司的時候了。” Spotify 的人力資源主管 R Anna Lundstrom 和 Alexander Westerdahl 在博客中寫道。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"越來越多的企業加入到了這場辦公模式變革的浪潮中。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"推特將在疫情後允許部分員工永久性在家辦公，除了那些需要人親自前往的工作，如服務器維護等，甚至有消息表示這家公司在疫情前就已經小範圍嘗試遠程辦公；Reddit 也爲員工提供了在家辦公或在辦公室兩種選擇，不過一些設施維護的崗位需要前往辦公室。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外，Zillow 將永久爲其員工提供 90％的彈性工作選擇；Slack 不僅爲大多數員工提供了永久在家工作的選擇，而且還宣佈計劃優先增加遠程員工；西門子表示大流行結束後，員工可以選擇每週通勤時間兩天或三天，該新模式適用於該公司在 43 個國家和地區的 14 萬多名員工。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"上下班需要“儀式感”？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"從開放式辦公環境，到儘量拉平層級關係、績效考覈，再到遠程辦公，國外都走在了國內前面。數據顯示，我國在 2018 年遠程辦公的滲透率不足 0.6%，不及美國的三十分之一。即使經歷了疫情在家辦公這段時間，國內企業仍對在家辦公不感冒。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"某互聯網公司人力總監張萌（化名）告訴 InfoQ，國外已經有了嚴格的法律體系約束企業，甚至下班後給員工發信息都會受到鉅額罰款，所以他們可以做到明確的上下班界限，但中國不行。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"國內大家普遍生活壓力較大，比國外更拼，加班、996 都只能接受。對於大多數員工來說，需要有個上下班的“儀式感”。國內很多企業目前業務還處於摸索階段，組織架構也相應變動頻繁，對於他們來說，時間、溝通效率纔是最重要的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“正常對一家公司來說，房租成本在其運營成本中的比例並不大，人力成本纔是大頭。所以組織效率、溝通成本、信任感、凝聚力等等這些東西就會很重要。”張萌說道。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除了效率問題，在張萌看來，遠程辦公還面臨着一個很重要的問題就是如何做好管理工作，尤其是績效的衡量。一家公司有很多工種，並不是每個崗位都適合在家辦公。“如果一項工作可以定期給出可量化產出的話，比如銷售、編劇等崗位在家辦公也可以，但很多工作無法具體量化，也可能很久才能給出一個結果，中間的過程如何就很難控制。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"支持員工永久在家辦公的澳大利亞軟件公司 Atlassian 已經表示，不會衡量員工的工作時間，而是會衡量結果。而在國內，工作時長算是企業的隱性考覈指標。背後隱含的價值在於，企業雖然不能時刻知道員工在幹什麼，但至少看到員工交付了自己的時間。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"相比國內企業的謹慎，國外企業更願意做新的嘗試。不過對於國外已經遠程辦公的人來說，這並不完全是件好事。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在疫情爆發後，雲基礎架構和移動商務解決方案廠商 VMware 和其他科技公司一樣，允許部分員工選擇永久在家工作。但有知情人士表示，之前在 VMware 加利福尼亞州帕洛阿爾託總部工作的僱員，如果搬到例如丹佛等城市，必須接受 18% 的減薪。知情人士透露，離開硅谷前往洛杉磯或聖地亞哥意味着放棄年薪的 8%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Facebook 也會因在家辦公而調整員工的薪資水平。扎克伯格表示，如果 Facebook 員工選擇居住在消費水平較低的地區，則工資將相應調整，這與該公司現有的生活成本計算方式相符。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"同時，有一項研究表明，員工效率的提升與其職位晉升的關係並不大。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2010 年 12 月，斯坦福大學商學院（Stanford Graduate School of Business）研究遠程工作的經濟學家尼克•布魯姆（Nick Bloom）在中國一家旅行社做了項實驗，他們將 249 名員工隨機分成了兩組：一組在家辦公，另一組在辦公室工作，並對兩組員工進行了 9 個月的跟蹤調查。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"結果顯示，在家辦公的員工，其工作效率顯著提高了 13%，但同時他們的晉升率下降了。研究人員分析，在家辦公大約降低了員工 50% 的晉升機會。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這場關於辦公模式的變革會如何繼續下去，我們拭目以待。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"延伸閱讀："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/salesforce-employees-can-work-from-home-permanently-2021-2","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/salesforce-employees-can-work-from-home-permanently-2021-2"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}