Fuchsia OS vs Harmony OS 谁是下一个领跑

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"导读：近日，谷歌向外界公开了Fuchsia OS操作系统。这在Fuchsia OS从研发之初曝光到现在的数年时间之后，终于正式推向市场。另据9to5Google 消息，谷歌第一代Nest Hub用户即将陆续收到更新，Fuchsia OS将取代其内置的Cast OS。另外，华为也将在6月2日晚 8 时举行线上发布会，正式公布可以覆盖手机等移动终端的鸿蒙操作系统。我们带大家梳理下这两款系统在技术上以及定位上的一些区别。","attrs":{}}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"两款系统简介","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":"center","level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#40A9FF","name":"blue"}}],"text":"谷歌Fuchsia OS系统","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在研发计划曝光数年之后，谷歌终于向市场推出了 Fuchsia OS：从 Nest Hub 开始，谷歌的操作系统可以在实际的消费类设备上运行了，这意味着谷歌已将 FuchsiaOS 从内部测试拓展到更广阔的公众领域。Fuchsia OS是谷歌研发的新一代操作系统，部分继承了安卓系统的UI设计和界面逻辑，是一款面向多平台的操作系统，可以应用于手机、电脑、平板、智能穿戴、智能硬件和智能家居等设备。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/72/7230b03f2cf0b22e4fcf90538a4fb805.jpeg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":"center","level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#40A9FF","name":"blue"}}],"text":"华为Harmony OS系统","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"国产操作系统现状由刚开始的拿来用，逐渐发展成为现在的自主研发，国产操作系统正在快速崛起，华为的鸿蒙系统就是一个很好的例子。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/75/75d3346b98454f4c35f4524f0e26a53d.jpeg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#40A9FF","name":"blue"}}],"text":"华为鸿蒙系统（英文：HUAWEI Harmony OS）","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"，在2019年8月9日，华为在东莞举行华为开发者大会，正式发布操作系统Harmony OS。华为鸿蒙系统自诞生起，便伴随着许多争议，即便鸿蒙在去年更新2.0版本，变成了一款看得见、摸得着的产品。在2021年5月25日，华为对外公布，将在6月2日晚 8 时举行线上发布会，正式公布可以覆盖手机等移动终端的鸿蒙操作系统。这意味着，鸿蒙手机版也将正式到来了，这也是继 2019 年“官宣”鸿蒙操作系统后，该系统正式搭载到智能手机。华为消费者BG软件部总裁王成录表示：“华为鸿蒙并非安卓系统翻版，也不是iOS的拷贝，鸿蒙系统是一个真正面向未来IoT时代的全景操作系统。”","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#40A9FF","name":"blue"}}],"text":"技术区别","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":"center","level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#40A9FF","name":"blue"}}],"text":"内核","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Fuchsia OS 的内核是全新设计的新内核，有嵌入式 OS 领域的顶尖专家加盟，可能是个轻量级的内核，加上模块化的设计，这样才能适配不同资源受限设备，它的优点就是谷歌拥有控制权。","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"HarmonyOS 的内核优点是支持灵活扩展，可以适配不同资源受限的设备，在一个操作系统统一设备上层操作，应该说是与分布式架构配套的支持不同设备的很好的解决方案。","attrs":{}}]}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":"center","level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#40A9FF","name":"blue"}}],"text":"系统","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Fuchsia OS 的架构的四层介绍的比较多，但四层的功能说明资料却很少且大多雷同， Garnet 包含各种操作系统所需的各种底层功能，包括硬件的驱动程序（网络，图形等）和软件安装功能。Peridot google 服务和应用层，类似于 Android 的 google gms 服务，为谷歌公司系列应用提供支持。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"鸿蒙 HarmonyOS 的架构整体遵从分层层次化设计，从下向上依次为：内核层、系统服务层、框架层和应用层。系统功能按照“系统 —> 子系统 —> 功能/模块”逐级展开，在多设备部署场景下，支持根据实际需求裁剪某些非必要的子系统或功能/模块。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#40A9FF","name":"blue"}}],"text":"定位区别","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"从定位来区分，分为领个方向：一是使用操作系统的合作厂商生态，另一是开发者生态。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Fuchsia OS 和 HarmonyOS 的出现都是围绕着绕开安卓另起炉灶，这就意味着都得抛开所有的 Android 生态重新开始，从意义上来说二者的生态基础是相同的，但实际上二者在此还是有些差异。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"华为一方面将 HarmonyOS 将源代码捐赠给开放原子开源基金会进行孵化，另一方面积极构建应用创新伙伴圈，同时华为与高校合作联合培养鸿蒙开发人才，启动 HarmonyOS 高校人才培育计划，将推动超过 15 款 HarmonyOS 课程走入高校，以培养更多 HarmonyOS 全栈开发后备力量。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"谷歌采用的策略是在 2018 年 12 月的时候发布可被用来开发安卓、iOS 和 Fuchsia OS APP 的 SDK Flutter 正式版，通过提前发布跨平台的应用开发框架为后续 Fuchsia OS 的开发布局。但是在当前 Android 生态蓬勃发展的形式下，让开发者将应用往 flutter 迁移是个短时间内还不可能完成的事情。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#40A9FF","name":"blue"}}],"text":"市场以及应用方面","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Fuchsia OS1.0 目前推送到 2018 年发布的初代 Nest Hub 智能显示器上，在 2 年之内继续在谷歌的一些家用设备上发布该操作系统。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"HarmonyOS 已经搭载在华为自家的手表、平板、显示器、蓝牙耳机新品上，并在今年的 6 月 2 日开始进行 Mate40、P40 系列、mate30 系列以及 MatePadPro 的版本搭载，后续将会有更多系列的华为已有设备将搭载 HarmonyOS系统。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"从市场来看，HarmonyOS 系统已经抢占先机，提前一步，无论是品种还是数量都比 Fuchsia OS 多得多，作为一名中国人，还是比较希望华为能持续扩大目前的优势，但是也不能轻敌，需要时刻提防 Fuchsia OS，谷歌的整体环境比华为要好很多，这是谷歌独具的优势所在。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#40A9FF","name":"blue"}}],"text":"总结","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在万物互联的大趋势下，一条全新的赛道已展开，一统多平台操作系统领域目前还没有成为标准的垄断者，谷歌现有的Android，Chrome OS等操作系统并不太适合这个新领域的应用形态，在生态层面，大家无疑是处在同一起跑线，谁能成为这条赛道的领跑者，还有待时间的验证。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"未来已来，让我们拭目以待！","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":"center","level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#40A9FF","name":"blue"}}],"text":"参考文献","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.theverge.com/2020/12/8/22163225/google-fuchsia-os-call-contributors-mailing-list-governance","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https://fuchsia-china.com","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https://baike.baidu.com/item/Fuchsia%20OS/22363855?fr=aladdin","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https://baike.baidu.com/item/华为鸿蒙系统/23500650?fr=aladdin","attrs":{}}]}]}