新常態下的CMDB系統規劃與落地

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"前言","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"配置管理數據庫（CMDB）是企業IT建設繞不開的一個課題，從最初的與ITIL緊密綁定以及面向資源管理，到如今的“尋求獨立與地位提升”，CMDB走的路線恰恰是所謂IT元數據對IT建設以及業務支撐的核心作用以及人們對一個事物認知不斷演變過程。本文站在CMDB領域發展歷史的大背景下，展望新一代配置管理對於企業數字化轉型與智能運維體系建設的支撐作用，同時結合筆者經歷過的CMDB項目經驗，與大家分享CMDB建設的新理論、技術路線及實施方法論。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" ","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":16}},{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"CMDB的發展變遷","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2001年，CMDB最早出現在ITIL V2.0中，並有如下定義：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"配置管理數據庫，是與 IT 系統所有組件相關的信息庫，它包含 IT 基礎架構配置項的詳細信息。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"作爲IT管理的核心，CMDB自誕生起就備受各行各業企業用戶關注，同時也是各大軟件廠商的研發熱點。在企業用戶和軟件廠商不斷展開探索、積累最佳實踐的過程中，CMDB被賦予鮮活的生命力，大概可以分爲以下幾個階段：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/e0/e0478c117b3877105277a02ec414af49.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"zerowidth","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2001年-2008年，以配置信息電子化爲特徵的CMDB1.0：隨着以BMC爲代表的傳統軟件巨頭在自家的ITIL相關產品中推出第一代CMDB管理的產品和解決方案，CMDB逐漸在國內得到應用及實施。然而，由於企業對CMDB理解不深及技術侷限，CMDB淪爲側重於配置（資產）管理和數據查詢的工具。","attrs":{}}]}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"zerowidth","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2008年-2017年，以數據管理閉環爲特徵的CMDB2.0：以銀行、運營商爲代表的企業開始側重於CMDB與其他流程的協同以及故障、變更影響分析等診斷場景。同時，配置自動化發現技術的引入，幫助企業極大簡化了配置數據初始化工作。","attrs":{}}]}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"zerowidth","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2018年至今，以面向業務爲特徵的CMDB3.0：伴隨着互聯網、運營商、金融業等行業技術架構的快速演變，IT運維呈現出“厚平臺，薄應用”、快速迭代、開發運維一體化等趨勢，在此趨勢影響下，CMDB的應用場景集中表現爲：業務（應用）是CMDB核心，將與某個應用的配置項（包含進程、服務、組件、服務器、網絡等）及其關係悉數納管，同時通過廣泛集成、自動採集、流程保障、定期審計等多種方式確保數據的唯一性和準確性。","attrs":{}}]}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" ","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在CMDB的發展變遷中，IT技術在不斷更新，CMDB解決方案和實施方法論也隨之迭代優化。在這個過程中，不可避免地產生了大量的共性問題，從某種程度上說，CMDB的發展史就是持續解決問題的編年史。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/ad/adacad0a6f4f4eea1bbad18ac3050f65.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":16}},{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"AIOPS和數據治理賦予CMDB新的定義及發展方向","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/4c/4c38777c9cd541685a18d17e8471a255.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2020年以來，隨着AIOPS落地場景逐漸豐富、運維數據治理理念的興起、應用系統運維和運營相互融合，運維工作模式及管理方法論發生了巨大的變化。因此，我們需要對CMDB進行新的闡述和定義。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"CMDB本質上是IT資源（設備、組件、系統）及其關係的數學抽象，是IT資源的“高德地圖”，是IT運維及IT運營的數字基石，是運維工作展開的底層支撐，是運維數據治理的容器和載體。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在此定義下，CMDB的發展方向呈現下列技術方向：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"tex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