元宇宙不會變成Facebook期望的樣子

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"最近馬克·扎克伯格宣佈Facebook將發展成爲一家“元宇宙”公司，於是關於元宇宙的討論甚囂塵上。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"許多人對元宇宙的想象是一個與現實平行的世界，這個世界只有一種形態和一套規則。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這種說法就好像在暗示AOL就是互聯網一樣。實際上，互聯網有無數的場所、形態和目的，接入互聯網的界面類型也同樣紛繁多樣。它是一項骨幹技術，帶來的體驗是沒有邊際、混亂無序的。唯一相同的部分是你自己，是遊覽互聯網這個世界的人們。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"因此，目前人們對元宇宙的許多描繪都過於狹隘了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"扎克伯格將元宇宙描述爲“人們在數字空間邂逅”，這與尼爾·斯蒂芬森1992年的小說《雪崩》的描述很像，這也是元宇宙這個術語的最初起源。但此後這個詞的含義變得更加廣泛了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"元宇宙中的“元”是指由純數據構建的宇宙。1992年，人們很自然地會認爲虛擬現實是這種東西存在的唯一方式，所以在《雪崩》中，故事角色們帶着光學媒體四處走動。每秒無線傳輸20Gb數據的5G技術在那時還是天方夜譚。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"同樣，“數據池完全是Facebook的財產，你必須沉浸其中，這是一種生活方式”的想法是Facebook看待世界的自然視角。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但元宇宙的形式不會是封閉的VR花園。相反，它會隨着我們的數字生活方式逐漸滲透到物理世界時自然出現。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"正如前Magic Leaper和元宇宙哲學家Brian Schwab本週早些時候在LinkedIn上寫道的那樣，“元宇宙不是一個地方，不是電影中的那種逃避現實的幻想之地。這不是那種人們被鎖在房子裏的反烏托邦景觀。在很多層面來看，情況恰恰相反。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"之所以相反，部分是因爲它把自身體現爲一系列接入互聯網的骨幹技術（例如URL或IP地址），而不是專有的沉浸式體驗。從設計師的角度來看，這個新主幹導向的結果不是某款殺手級應用或單一的體驗，而是下一代計算模式。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"用現實場景來比喻計算概念"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在不久的將來，當你告訴某人“演示文稿在我的桌子上”時，這句話會有兩種含義。首先，通過混合或增強現實技術，演示文稿真的會飄在你的桌子上——不是被困在某個屏幕中，而是真正漂浮在你的桌面上。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這樣一來，人們就可以按照大腦對地理位置的習慣感知模式來輕鬆定位文件、對象、圖像或鏈接。相比在谷歌雲端存儲空間上定位你的文件夾，從一堆名字中找到目標文件，人們更習慣於找到你的辦公室、在你的書桌上找到文件這種自然的路徑，後者也簡短很多。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"就像Windows使用辦公場所（桌面、文件、文件夾）的比喻來幫助用戶理解計算機一樣，元宇宙會使用物理空間（景觀、對象、層、棱柱）作爲比喻。這種新的比喻方法能讓用戶更容易交流、更輕鬆地理解無處不在的計算，並減少摩擦。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"存在 vs 沉浸"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這種模式的願景不是某種沉浸系統，而是將計算融入我們的環境，並以一種適合人類習慣、無處不在的方式存在於我們的周圍。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"計算的界面將被我們佩戴（可穿戴移動計算設備）而不是攜帶（手持移動計算設備），並且將通過動作和手勢進行交互或操作。它們將越來越多地通過混合現實、增強現實或使用互動光學技術投影到各種表面上，而不是顯示在屏幕裏面。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這種計算模式消除了仍存在於我們目前使用的沉浸式手持和筆記本電腦計算方法中的最後一點摩擦。用戶的雙手會從設備的操作界面上解放出來。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"它將提供標記物理空間的共享界面，讓我們擡起頭，把注意力從設備本身轉移到現實中。它與元宇宙一開始想象的沉浸式VR世界是大相徑庭的。我們已經意識到我們的設備吸引了太多的注意力，爲什麼還要變本加厲呢？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"是的，我們同樣可以通過元宇宙獲得更多身臨其境的體驗，就像我們現在通過互聯網和手持設備訪問Facebook和精彩的在線遊戲世界一樣。但元宇宙帶來的不止於此。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"與最初的元宇宙願景不同，我們不必在數據池中游泳——數據會掙脫出池子，並在我們周圍的空氣中游泳。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"元自我的出現"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"流行的元宇宙思維通常會設想一個共同的界面，假設我們都會像電影《玩家一號》那樣從這個界面走進元宇宙，準備按照相同的規則玩相同的遊戲。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但我們將看到的是無數不同的商業模式、內容類型和體驗類別。人們可以將這些事物的界面編排進自己的工作流程，以他們想要的方式滿足生產力、娛樂或社交需求。共同點是所有這些應用程序都將增強個體用戶的能力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果你去看一看現代互聯網中的數據流向，你會看到其中一些數據流入了Facebook之類的數據池。但你還會看到更多的數據流向了許多不同的方向，創造出大量獨特的活動模式，進而將我們區分爲一個個獨立的個體。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這種超個性化模式正在擴展到我們數字生活方式的所有領域。工具正在成爲我們自身。數據中出現了一個個元自我，它們變得和我們自己一樣真實。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這對人類自身來說是積極的趨勢。我們使用的設備將分享我們感知周圍環境的傾向，並放大我們的喜怒哀樂。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"元宇宙某種程度上是反烏托邦的，因爲我們生活在一個技術並非總能向善的時代。我們在這裏感受到了競爭的壓力，這是理所當然的。我們不想成爲機器的一部分。我們希望機器按照我們的要求來滿足我們。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我們希望技術爲人類服務。隱私應該是一種美德。我們需要放大而不是模擬。我們追求存在而非逃避。我們希望直面真實，而不是被虛假的影響力愚弄。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"也許這就是爲什麼扎克伯格選擇的元宇宙這個詞引起如此強烈反響的原因所在。因爲Facebook沒有實現這些目標。我們中的許多人都希望從未來人類與技術之間的界面中獲得更多收益。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"作者介紹"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Jared Ficklin是產品設計公司Argodesign的首席創意技術專家，擁有長達二十年爲大公司創造產品和願景的經驗。由於他之前在Frog Design將技術集成到設計過程中的工作經歷，Jared被稱爲4大Frog研究員之一。他爲惠普、微軟、AT&T、LG、SanDisk、摩托羅拉、CognitiveScale和Magic Leap等客戶的願景、戰略、知識產權和產品做出了貢獻。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Mark Rolston是Argodesign的創始人兼首席創意官。他之前是Frog Design的首席創意官，也是最早的軟件設計先驅之一，幫助業界塑造了圍繞用戶界面設計和移動平臺的學術準則。他曾與世界領先的公司合作——迪士尼、Magic Leap、夢工廠、Salesforce、通用電氣、微軟和AT&T。他目前擔任Responsible AI Institute（RAI）的顧問，該組織致力於通過實用工具和專家指導來定義負責任的人工智能。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"原文鏈接："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/venturebeat.com\/2021\/08\/15\/the-metaverse-will-not-look-the-way-facebook-imagines-it\/","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/venturebeat.com\/2021\/08\/15\/the-metaverse-will-not-look-the-way-facebook-imagines-it\/"}]}]}]}