21. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon.com, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers.
【詞彙突破】
interactivity 互動性
hospitality 友好性
security 安全性
【主幹識別】The examples show that…+賓語從句；主謂賓結構
【其他成分】of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon.com, and other pioneers作example的同位語；我們把其看作爲：A of B 的結構，A爲上義詞，B 爲下義詞，這樣在翻譯的處理中我們不需要生硬的翻譯爲“……的例子”；a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers.賓語從句
【微觀解析】 selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security現在分詞短語修飾a web site; 賓語從句主幹爲：a Web site will attract online customers.
【難點揭祕】由於出現並列使得主語和謂語之間出現了較長的修飾，產生隔離，在賓語從句的後置定語中也出現並列產生隔離，這樣了產生了隔離。
【譯文賞析】像Virtual Vineyards，Amazon．com這樣的先驅網站表明，一個將交互性、服務性和安全性合理結合，且銷售正確產品的網站是可以吸引來網上客戶的。
【翻譯點撥】賓語從句單獨成句; 在翻譯example of…的時候翻譯爲“像……”。
22. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers.
【詞彙突破】
statistics 數據
寫作過程中可以使用固定詞組：statistics and details
achievers獲得成功的人
【主幹識別】They gather all the data. 主謂賓結構。
【其他成分】they can 的完整表達爲：that they can gather ; 出於簡潔的考慮省掉了that 和gather；not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers整個部分是data 的同位語。
【微觀解析】同位語中第一部分是performance statistics and biographical details；第二個部分爲the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers，其中with high achievers爲定語修飾experiments.
【難點揭祕】同位語部分出現並列現象造成比較冗長產生閱讀難點。
【譯文賞析】他們盡其所能收集了一切數據，這些數據不僅包括表現數據和傳記式資料，而且也包括了那些取得了表現優異者在實驗室實驗中的實驗結果。
補充一些心理學術語：
biographical characteristics 傳記特點
biographical data 傳記式資料
biographical inventory 傳記式量表
Biographical Inventory for R & T Talent 科研人才甄選傳記式量表
biographical inventory tests 傳記式問卷測驗
biographical method 傳記法
biographical study 傳記研究
biographical?type case study 傳記式個案研究
23. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month’s stockholders meeting, Levin asserted that "music is not the cause of society’s ills "and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students.
【詞彙突破】
verse 歌詞，詩句
stockholder 股東
assert 聲稱，認爲，宣稱
social ill 社會問題
【主幹識別】Levin asserted that +賓語從句and even cited his son. 主謂賓結構
【其他成分】During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month’s stockholders meeting狀語；music is not the cause of society’s ills 賓語從句主系表結構；a teacher in the Bronx, New York同位語；who uses rap to communicate with students.定語從句修飾a teacher。
【難點揭祕】並列的動詞和同位語構成一定的閱讀難點
【譯文賞析】在上個月的股東大會上關於搖滾歌詞的討論中，萊文宣稱說："音樂不是社會問題的原因"，他甚至還以他的兒子爲例。他的兒子是紐約州布朗克斯的一個教師，他兒子正在用說唱音樂與學生們進行溝通。
【翻譯點撥】將同位語單獨翻譯爲一個句子是在翻譯中的常用手法。
24. Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect", a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.
【詞彙突破】
constitutional 憲法的
physician-assisted suicide 醫生幫助下的自殺
permissible 可以被允許的
【主幹識別】the Court supported the medical principle of "double effect" 主謂賓結構
【其他成分】Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide狀語從句；in effect作狀語；a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect整個都是the medical principle of "double effect" 的同位語。
【微觀解析】a centuries-old moral principle其後被 holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen--is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. 所修飾。holding that +賓語從句，其中主幹爲：an action is permissible；having two effects修飾 an action；a good one and a harmful one爲two effects的同位語，被that is intended和that is foreseen兩個定語從句所修飾；if the actor intends only the good effect爲賓語從句的狀語。
【難點揭祕】這個句子的複雜就在於同位語的複雜，同位語中有現在分詞短語帶上賓語從句，在賓語從句中又出現同位語，同位語中又出現定語從句。這樣的句子雖然複雜但是還是從最簡單的結構一步步搭建出來的。the Court supported the medical principle of "double effect"解釋什麼叫double effect；“holding that+賓語從句”修飾 double effect；an action having two effects is permissible爲賓語從句的主幹；a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen 解釋什麼是two effects；if the actor intends only the good effect 爲狀語從句。
【譯文賞析】儘管最高法院已經裁定出醫生幫助下的自殺行爲並不受憲法的支持，但最高法院實際上支持了被稱爲"雙重效果"的醫療原則；這個已有幾個世紀曆史的道德原則認爲一個行爲可能會有兩個效果——— 一個想要達到的好的效果和一個已經預見到的有害的效果。如果行爲的實施者想要的只是要好的效果的話，這個行爲是被允許的
【翻譯點撥】對於同位語的處理我們還是採取了慣用的單獨成句的方法，也用到了破折號解釋的方法。
25. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the 19th century and then by several local geological journals in the 20th century.
【詞彙突破】
reinforced 加強
introduction 引入和制定
refereeing 推薦制度
journal 期刊
【主幹識別】The overall result has been to make entrance harder.主謂賓賓補的結構；entrance to professional geological journals賓語, harder for amateurs 賓補.
【其他成分】to professional geological journals定語修飾entrance；for amateurs狀語；a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the 19th century and then by several local geological journals in the 20th century作主語result的同位語。
【微觀解析】that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing 定語從句修飾a result, by the widespread introduction of refereeing ，爲狀語by national journals in the 19th century and then by several local geological journals in the 20th century 爲定語修飾introduction；
【難點揭祕】同位語後面定語從句中狀語by和後面定語by的區別。
【譯文賞析】這樣一來總的結果便是業餘愛好者想在專業地質學期刊上發表文章就更難了，而被廣泛使用的論文評審推薦制度又進一步強化了這一結果，該種制度先被19世紀的國家級刊物引入，後又在20世紀，又被幾家地方級地質學刊物所使用。
26. At the same time, the American Law Institute--a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight—issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.
【詞彙突破】
institute 機構
substantial 實際的
bombard不斷***;向...連續提出問題
lengthy冗長
【主幹識別】the American Law Institute issued new guidelines
【其他成分】a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight同位語；for tort law定語修飾new guidelines；stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones 定語修飾new guidelines。
【微觀解析】companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones；動詞爲warn 和bombard並列; warn sb of sth ; bombard sb with sth.。
【難點揭祕】同位語有一個隔離現象產生；stating+ that +句子其中出現兩個並列的動詞；
【譯文賞析】與此同時，美國法律協會，由一羣法官、律師和專家學者組成的組織，他們的建議分量極重，發佈了新的民事傷害法令指導方針，宣稱公司不必提醒顧客注意顯而易見的危險，也不必連篇累牘地一再提請他們注意一些可能會出現的危險。
27. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners；and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.
【詞彙突破】
manipulation 操縱
detached 分離，如果表示態度則是表示中立，不關心的
【主幹識別】manipulation increased the numbers and importance of shareholders 主謂賓結構
【其他成分】Such large, impersonal，of capital and industry定語修飾manipulation；as a class 定語修飾shareholder；an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners ；and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business整個是shareholder 的同位語。
【微觀解析】in national life，representing irresponsible wealth，detached from the land and the duties of the landowners，and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business都是定語修飾an element。
【難點揭祕】同位語中的三個後置定語造成了閱讀的障礙。
【譯文賞析】這樣巨大而非個人的對資金和產業的操縱極大地增加了股東的數量和他們作爲一個階級的重要性，他們是國家生活中代表不負責任的財富的一個因素，這種財富不但遠離了土地和土地擁有者的責任，而且幾乎同樣與公司的負責任的管理毫無關係。
28. Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success.
【詞彙突破】
analytical 解析
verbal 文字的
components 成分
【主幹識別】Sternberg notes that+賓語從句
【其他成分】traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge 賓語從句；並列的動詞best assess 和 fail to measure；components also critical to problem solving and life success 爲creativity and practical knowledge的同位語； critical to problem solving and life success爲形容詞短語修飾components。
【難點揭祕】同位語中加上了由形容詞短語充當的後置定語加大了閱讀難度。
【譯文賞析】斯頓伯格指出傳統的測試能最好的評估出解析能力和語言能力而不能衡量一個人的創造性和實際才能，而這些都是對於解決問題和成功人生而言極其重要的因素。
【翻譯點撥】後置定語前置，同位語單獨成句。
29. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.
【詞彙突破】
critical 重要的
concerning 關於
【主幹識別】and連接兩個完整的並列句。第一個句子主幹爲： science does provide us with the best available guide to the future.第二個句子主幹爲：it is critical that +主語從句。
【其他成分】our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions主語從句
【微觀解析】由於表語是critical表示重要性，在從句中用了“shoud +動詞原型”的虛擬語氣動詞形式，should 被省略了；that science can provide定語從句修飾judgment；concerning the future consequences of present actions.現在分詞短語也是在修飾judgment。
【難點揭祕】出現多個後置定語造成翻譯的障礙。
【譯文賞析】但是科學確實能提供對於未來的最好的指導，對於現在的行爲之於未來的結果，科學能提供最好的評判，我們的國家和世界應該把重要的政策機遇這種判斷之上，這一點非常重要。
【翻譯點撥】後半句翻譯的過程中最大的問題就是如何處理多個後置定語，這裏可以採取倒序的方法進行翻譯，在行文的過程中用代詞來進行連接；先說：best judgments concerning the future consequences of present actions.關於現在的行爲之餘未來的結果的最好判斷（the future consequences of present actions.）再說science can provide科學能提供，這樣前兩句合併後變爲：對於現在的行爲之於未來的結果（定語變爲中文中的狀語），科學能提供最好的判斷。最後譯前半段：我們的國家和世界應該把重要的政策機遇這種判斷之上，這一點非常重要。
30. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.
【詞彙突破】
lest 以免，以防 （後面所接從句需要使用should+動詞原型的虛擬語氣）
acquire 獲得
deceptive 欺騙性的
【主幹識別】They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor 加情態動詞的主系表結構。
【其他成分】 lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.狀語從句。
【微觀解析】lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth， 狀語從句中出現並列動詞go and acquire，其中 go 爲系動詞，並且省略的should； go unchallenged 意思爲：不被質疑。
【難點揭祕】這個句子的難點就是虛擬語氣的識別和並列動詞的識別，是爲了講解虛擬語氣而列的一個句子。
【譯文賞析】他們應該迅速回復給編輯的來信（讀者來信），以免動物權利的錯誤信息不受質疑（大行其道）、並且披上貌似真理的騙人外衣。
【翻譯點撥】對於給編輯的來信，錯誤信息不受質疑我們都可以採取正話反說的方法來進行翻譯。