51. While warnings are often appropriate and necessary--the dangers of drug interactions, for example--and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn’t clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.
【詞彙突破】
appropriate：恰當的，合適的
liability：責任（duty，obligation,commitment 的同義替換詞）
【主幹識別】it isn"t clear that +主語從句（it 爲形式主語）
【其他成分】while warnings are often approprite and necessary and many are required by state or federal regulations讓步狀語從句；the dangers of drug interactions, for example.插入語；that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability賓語從句；if a customer is injured條件狀語從句。
【微觀解析】由while引導的時間狀語從句中，大的並列可還原爲while warnings are often…and many warnings are required…
【難點揭祕】各種從句交織在一起會導致主幹模糊，其中也包括出現插入語的現象
【譯文賞析】儘管警告常常是適當而且必須的--比如對於藥物相互作用的危險提出警告--許多警告還是按州或聯邦政府規定要求給出的，然而(我們) 並不清楚，如果顧客受到傷害時，這些警告其實是在使其生產者和銷售者豁免責任。
52. This development--and its strong implication for US politics and economy in years ahead--has enthroned the South as America’s most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nation’s head counting.
【詞彙突破】
enthrone: 使……成爲…….(其同近義詞爲entitle)
densely：密集的
nation’s head counting：全國人口普查（同census）
implication 重要意義和重要性，影響
【主幹識別】this development has enthroned the South as America’s most densely populated region.
【其他成分】and its strong implication for US politics and economy in years ahead插入語；in years ahead在未來的幾年中（前面我們有學到in the years to come）；for the first time:介詞短語作狀語，可換爲firsly；in the history of the nation’s head counting時間狀語。
【微觀解析】這個句子中值得積累的句型爲 sth has enthroned sth as… (某物使某物成爲……)
【難點揭祕】對enthorne搭配的掌握以及in years ahead的理解。
【譯文賞析】這種發展——以及其對美國政治、經濟在未來幾年的潛在的強有力的影響一一使得南部在全國人口普查中有史以來首次成爲美國人口最密集的地區。
53. For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the 80’s, down-shifting in the mid 90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life--growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle --as a personal recognition of your limitations.
【主幹識別】 Down-shifting in the mid- 90s is not so much a search for the mythical good lift.
【其他成分】For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the 80’s介詞短語作狀語；growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one同位語；as a personal recognition of your limitations狀語。
【微觀解析】for 介詞 the women of my generation名詞 who were urged to keep juggling through the 80’s定語從句修飾the women of my generation。
【難點揭祕】not so(as) much…as 這個比較結構的理解通常理解爲：與其說，不如說；例如：He was not so much angry as disappointed.（他與其說憤怒不如說失望。）
【譯文賞析】對於我這一代曾在整個80年代爲生活奔波的女人來說，90年代中期出現的歸隱恬退與其說是我們尋求一種神話般的美好生活（用有機肥種植蔬菜，並且冒險去過一種更加簡單和更少物質的生活方式）不如說是我們清醒地認識到自身能力是有限的。
54. A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man .
【主幹識別】A home without love is no more a home.
【其他成分】than a body without a soul is a man狀語從句
【難點揭祕】這個句子難點在於no more than結構的用法：
（1）如果是對數量進行修飾的時候，no more than = only, 意爲“僅僅，只有”，例如：There are no more than ten people in the room.（房間裏只有十個人。）
（2）在程度上進行比較時，no more than有“兩者都不”之意，表示說話者主觀上嫌其少（差、不足、 不好）等，例如：This book is no more interesting than that one.（這兩本書都沒趣。）
也就是說這個結構在程度比較的時候than後面所接的句子或其他成分都受到了前面否定詞no的限制，例如：I can run no faster than he can.（我跑的不快，他跑的也不快。）
分爲兩個句子爲：
i）A home without love is not home
ii）A body without a soul is not a man.
用no more than 結構連起來就成了上面的句子。任何固定結構其實都是從簡單到複雜的一個過程，任何結構都是可以從最基本的句子成分入手進行解析的。
【譯文賞析】正像一個沒有靈魂的軀體不成其爲人，就如一個沒有愛的家庭不成其爲家庭。
54（2）. Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West.
【詞彙突破】census 人口普查
spacious 寬敞的（其同根形容詞爲 spatial 和空間有關的）
dramatize 體現和表明
【主幹識別】1980 census statistics dramatize the American search for spacious living.
【其他成分】nowhere 狀語，置於句首引起了句子的倒裝；more 狀語修飾dramatize；than in the Far West 狀語。
【微觀解析】比較對象：任何一個地區和the Far West；
比較內容：對於美國人渴求寬敞生活的體現；
比較結果：在Far west 地區最能體現。
Nowhere 既是表明了比較的對象也表明了比較的結果。
【難點揭祕】在對於比較結構一定要關注比較的三要素，比較對象，比較內容和比較結果。
【譯文賞析】1980的人口普查數據表明遠西地區是對寬敞住宿條件需求最高的地區。
55. Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly：summer homes, European travel, BMWs—the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.
【詞彙突破】
sign 標誌
summer home 避暑山莊
【主幹識別】people do not seem less interested in success and its signs
【其他成分】now than formerly狀語；冒號後的句子summer homes, European travel, BMWs—the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.對前面主句進行解釋。
【微觀解析】summer homes, European travel, BMWs名詞詞組表示列舉，鬆散的句子結構。“—”之後the locations, place names and name brands may change，but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.對summer homes, European travel, BMWs進行解釋；
主句中比較對象爲：Now 和formerly；
比較內容爲：人們對這些事物的興趣；
比較結果爲：人們的興趣沒有減弱；
從句中比較對象爲：today 和 a decade or two years ago；
比較內容是：人們對其的需求程度；
比較結果爲：現在的需求也以前的需求是一樣的。
【難點解析】出現比較結構，而比較中又包含有否定；且出現由標點引起的鬆散句子結構，但是在局部的分析中句子結構也是很嚴密的。
【譯文賞析】當然，人們現在對成功及其各種標誌的興趣似乎並不亞於先前。消夏別墅、歐陸旅行、寶馬車——地點、地名以及品牌或許會有變化，但這類事物在今天被人渴求的程度也似乎不會亞於一二十年前。
56. Surely there is no more commanding moral imperative for people in the west than to urge each other, and their governments, to bring relief to the world’s poorest.
【詞彙突破】
imperative 必須的，必須做的事，原則（常見的是形容詞性，但是這裏是名詞表示必須做的事）
commanding 急迫的，緊迫的
urge 敦促
relief 援助
【主幹識別】there is no more commanding moral imperative
【其他成分】for people in the west 狀語；than to urge each other, and their governments, to bring relief to the world’s poorest狀語。
【微觀解析】
句中的比較對象爲：any moral imperative 和to urge each other, and their governments, to bring relief to the world’s poorest;
比較內容爲：commanding 急迫;
比較結果爲：to urge each other, and their governments, to bring relief to the world’s poorest最爲急迫.
【難點解析】確定出比較的三要素是這個句子理解的難點，加上no以後就確定出than之後的內容是最高級。
【譯文賞析】毫無疑問，對西方人來說，沒有什麼道德標準要比相互督促和督促國家給世界上最窮困的地。
區帶來救助更重要的了。
或：毫無疑問，對西方人來說相互督促和督促國家給世界上最窮困的地區帶去救助是最重要的道德原則。
57. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
【詞彙突破】
maximize:最大化
Coupled with：加上（combined with的同義替換）
【主幹識別】it is the demand that determine 加賓語從句。
【其他成分】in the American economic system狀語；coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes非謂語作狀語，提取主幹爲 coupled with the desire and the desire；it is the demand that determine what…可還原爲 the demand determines what…；what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it賓語從句。
【微觀解析】這個強調句型運用it is＋被強調部分＋that…的結構強調主語，並且利用非謂語的伴隨結構使得主幹分離開來。
【難點揭祕】找出強調句中被強調的部分並且還原出原句。
【譯文賞析】因此，在美國的經濟體系中，個體消費者的需求與商人試圖最大化其利潤的慾望和個人想最大化其收入效用的慾望相結合，一起決定了什麼應該被製造，以及資源如何被用來製造它們。
58. Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles，or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers’ misfortunes.
【詞彙突破】
lawsuit 法律訴訟
compendsate 賠償
warn of 警告
liable 負責
juries 陪審團
【主幹識別】or連接兩個並列的句子前一句主幹爲：a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles.後一句爲：the thinking has gone has gone so.
【其他成分】第一句：luckily狀語；if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster狀語；
第二句：since the early 1980s, 狀語；when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers’ misfortunes定語從句修飾the early 1980s.
【微觀解析】when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers’ misfortunes定語從句中holding所接賓語爲一獨立主格結構相當於一個名詞，其完整形式是：More companies are liable for their customers’ misfoutunes，其中are 變爲being ,being再被省去，詳細內容可以參看獨立主格的講解。
【難點揭祕】這個句子難點就是so 在句子中的位置發生了改變，到了or 後面，而剛好 or so 是一個熟悉的短語可以修飾1980’s是很有可能誤解爲：the thinking has gone，這樣句子的意思就反生了完全的改變。
【譯文賞析】幸運的是，如果門墊或者是火爐沒有能警告即將到來的災難，你可以通過一場成功的法律訴訟來賠償你的麻煩。從1980年代的早期開始人們的想法就是這樣的了，那時候法庭認爲商家對消費者的不幸應該負擔更多的責任。
59. Amid the recriminations and broken treaties after the failure of the European Union’s biggest economic project, wild currency swings between those in the core and those in the periphery would almost certainly bring the single market to a shuddering halt.
【詞彙突破】
recriminations相互指責，吵架； 反訴； 揭醜；
例句：Their relationship deteriorates into an endless cycle of squabbling , jealousy and recriminations.
他們的關係陷入爭吵、嫉妒、指責的惡性循環
Treaty 合約和條約；
Periphery邊緣； 圓周； 外圍； 邊緣地帶
Shuddering發抖的，震動的
Halt 停止
【主幹識別】wild currency swings would bring the single market to a shuddering halt.
【其他成分】Amid the recriminations and broken treaties after the failure of the European Union’s biggest economic project, 狀語between those in the core and those in the periphery定語
【微觀解析】介詞短語：介詞Amid +名詞1the recriminations and名詞2 broken treaties
介詞短語中的定語 after the failure of the European Union’s biggest economic project,
【難點揭祕】長狀語置於句首造成主幹識別的困難，主語過長造成了翻譯的難點。
【譯文賞析】在歐盟最大的經濟計劃破產後的一片指責和違約之中，貨幣在歐盟核心國家和邊緣國家中肆意動盪，這足以使歐元區的單一市場走向毀滅。
【翻譯點撥】將主語wild currency swings between those in the core and those in the periphery翻譯爲一個句子將名詞swings 轉譯爲動詞。
60. Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.
【詞彙突破】
census 人口普查
deveolop 出現
【主幹識別】the picture is emerging
【其他成分】from the 1980 census狀語；of a nation developing more and more regional competition定語修飾picture；as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill狀語從句。
【難點揭祕】倒裝的識別
【譯文賞析】從1980年的人口普查中，出現了這樣一個情況，當東北部和中西部地區的人口增長几乎停止的時候，這個國家地區間的競爭就變得的越來越激烈了。