31. It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database.
【詞彙突破】
interactive feature 互動特徵
criteria 標準，條件
matching position 匹配職位
database 數據庫
【主幹識別】主幹部分爲強調句式，去掉強調格式後，爲An interactive feature lets visitors key in job criteria then E-mails them.並列謂語 lets 和emails
【其他成分】such as location, title, and salary 後置定語；when a matching position is posted in the database.狀語從句。
【難點揭祕】強調句式；並列謂語such as 做後置定語使兩個動詞的識別出現困難，且後一個動詞爲常見的名詞被活用爲名詞。
【譯文賞析】正是這種交互式的特徵使得訪客可以鍵入自己的求職要求，比如地點、職務和薪水，當數據庫裏張貼出相應的職位時這種互動性的特徵又可以給訪問者發送電子郵件通知他們。
32. If the journalism did notice the essence of this issue , it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.
【詞彙突破】
diversity 多樣性
differ 不同（不及物動詞）：例.Tastes differ.蘿蔔青菜各有所愛。
outlook 世界觀
values 價值觀
【主幹識別】it would open up its diversity program and look for reporters.並列動詞
【其他成分】If this group did notice the real difference 狀語從句；now focused narrowly on race and gender 過去分詞作狀語；who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class. 定語從句作後置定語。
【難點揭祕】後置定語過長，影響對並列動詞的識別造成閱讀的難點。
【譯文賞析】如果新聞界真的注意到了問題的關鍵，它就應該進一步開放其多樣化項目，這個項目現在還只單純考慮招收不同種族和性別的員工，新聞界應該進一步尋找那些世界觀、價值觀、教育水平和社會階層都大相徑庭的各種記者。
【翻譯點撥】過長的後置定語可以單獨成句。
33. Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.
【詞彙突破】
head-scratching：令人頭疼的
puzzlement困惑
【主幹識別】This project has turned out to be findings 加上後面一系列的對於findings的修飾。
【其他成分】sad to say 插入語，遺憾的說。combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement 非謂語結構做定語（這裏修飾的是findings）；about what in the world those readers really want.定語從句修飾puzzlement；in the world 做插入語。從句的主幹爲：what those readers really want.
【微觀解析】factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes。這個並列結構是factual errors和spelling and grammar mistakes的並列。combined with 相當一個連詞。
【難點揭祕】非謂語結構的加入會導致解析起來比較困難。
【譯文賞析】遺憾的說，這個項目最終被證明是一個很低級的研究，它着眼於錯誤的事實和拼寫以及語法的問題，還有很多關於讀者究竟想要什麼的困惑。
34. New ways of organizing the workplace--all that reengineering and downsizing--are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training.
【詞彙突破】
re-engineering and downsizing 重新設計、縮小規模
contribution 原因和因素
【主幹識別】New ways of organizing the workplace are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy.主系表結構
【其他成分】 all that re-engineering and downsizing 同位語；which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training.非限定性定語從句。
【微觀解析】such as 做後置定語
【難點揭祕】後置定語從句和後置定語的冗長會產生一定的閱讀障礙。
【譯文賞析】廠房佈置的新方法--所有那些重新設計、縮小規模的做法--只是影響對一個經濟體的整體生產力的一個因素，整體的生產力還受許多其他因素的影響，比如結合設備和機械上的投資、新技術，以及在教育和培訓上的投資。
35. President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns.
【詞彙突破】
campaigned to do 致力於. (寫作替換詞：devote to，focus on, dedicate oneself to)
social Security 社會保障
saving-account model 賬戶儲蓄模式(如果不能準確的理解這個詞的意思，提取主幹時去掉它也不會有影響，只要理解是一種模式就好。)
trade 交換
guaranteed 保障，確保
swear to , guarantee to , assure to 都是保障和確保的意思。
【主幹識別】Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a model加獨立主格結構。
【其他成分】with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments。depending on investment returns。在這裏需要搞清楚獨立主格的本質，就是將兩個主語不同但有內在邏輯聯繫的句子合爲一個句子，因而這個結構便可理解爲retirees traded much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments。 depending on investment returns非謂語作後置定語修飾payments。
【微觀解析】理解含有獨立主格的句子的關鍵在於分割，要將with後面的句子還原，單獨翻譯。而對payments修飾若是變爲定語從句則爲 which depended on investment returns.這種對於名詞修飾形式的轉變可以靈活的運用於寫作中的。
【難點揭祕】獨立主格的存在會使直接翻譯略顯僵化。
【譯文賞析】布什總統致力於將社會保障轉變爲帳戶儲蓄模式，在這個模式裏，退休人員將用他們大量甚至是全部的有保障的收入換來依靠於投資回報的收入。
36. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.
【詞彙突破】deliciously 美味的，但在這個句子裏若是這樣翻譯就太死板了。在無法準確的理解副詞意思的情況下，大可將其做very 來理解
【主幹識別】it is ironic+時間狀語從句
【其他成分】when you consider that 時間狀語從句；who earns their living 非限制性定語從句，修飾Shakespeare，它的特殊之處在於處於主謂之間，起到了主謂隔離的作用，這樣處理使句子內部長短相間，錯落有致，寫作中可以靈活運用。
【微觀解析】首先要找清楚Shakespeare所搭配的動詞是 was,而且was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.這個句子是強調句（部分強調），可還原爲when you consider that Shakespeare was an actor (with a beard) and his share of noise-making.其次再找定語從句who earns their living的修飾對象是Shakespeare。
【難點揭祕】這個句子的巧妙之處在於定語從句的位置以及爲配合語氣所做的強調處理，建議寫作時適當運用.
【譯文賞析】想想給他們帶來生機的莎士比亞本人就是一個演員（而且留鬍子），他也是這些噪音的一部分，你就會覺得這一切頗具諷刺意味。
【翻譯點撥】did his share of noise-making 在翻譯時不要生硬的翻譯爲：爲噪聲的製造做出了自己的貢獻，這裏的翻譯可以是：他也參與了噪聲的製造或者是他就是噪聲中的一部分。
37. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.
【詞彙突破】
vaccines 疫苗
unaware 沒有注意到
cruel殘忍
【主幹識別】animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst 加定語從句
【其他成分】who are unaware that 定語從句；that animal research was needed to produce these treatments賓語從句，to produce these treatments表示目的的不定式；these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines三個事物的並列，理解爲these treatments 和new treatments and vaccines的並列。
【微觀解析】句子的語序若是調整爲animal research seems…to those who…這樣的結構會更加的條理。進而再解析其中的定語從句，以及定語從句中的賓語從句。
【難點揭祕】 原句中的語序調整，以及狀語部分的長度會給找句子主幹帶來困難。
【譯文賞析】 有一些人他們不知道動物研究對於這些治療方法和一些新的治療方法以及疫苗而言是必須的，對於他們來講，動物研究說的最好聽是浪費，說得最難聽是殘忍。
38. I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of "juggling your life", and making the alternative move into downshifting brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.
【詞彙突破】
much-publicized：公開的
resignation：辭職
build-up: 集結的，巨大的（寫作詞彙）
doctrine：信條
downshifting：降檔，這裏根據語境應靈活翻譯爲悠閒，閒適。
【主幹識別】I have discovered that 加賓語從句
【其他成分】as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress非限制性定語從句，可還原主幹爲 as Kelsey will （discover）…，after a build-up of stress作狀語；that後面是一個賓語從句，主幹爲bandoning the doctrine and making the move brings with it rewards.
【微觀解析】解析這個句子應該先找discovered後的賓語從句的主幹，再解析。of "juggling your life"是doctrine的定語，far greater rewards than financial success and social status.是關於回報的一個比較。而as所引導的非限制性定語從句則是對整個句子的一個修飾，應放到最後來解析。
【難點揭祕】過長的狀語時閱讀的一大障礙，as引導的句子中省略了動詞這個句子中的非限制性定語從句中應還原discover,且它修飾整個句子。這個知識點常用於寫作當中。
【譯文賞析】我已經發現，放棄那種"爲生活忙碌"的人生信條並轉而追求比較悠閒的生活帶給你的回報遠遠大於經濟成功和社會地位。或許凱爾西因不堪積勞重負而公開地辭去她在《女友》雜誌社的編輯一職之後也會發現。
39. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents".
【詞彙突破】
argue 認爲
introduce 制定，引入
raised eyebrows: 表示驚訝，不可思議，輿論一片譁然（把別人的眉毛給擡起了）
morality 道德
American occupation authorities：美國佔領當局
【主幹識別】Mitsuo Setoyama raised eyebrows+時間狀語從句
【其他成分】who was then education minister 定語從句，修飾Mitsuo Setoyama；when引導的時間狀語從句的主幹爲he argued that liberal reforms had weakened the morality，iberal reforms had weakened the morality賓語從句；introduced by the American occupation authorities非謂語結構作定語修飾reforms；after World WarII置於句中，作時間狀語。
【微觀解析】抓住句子主幹後應該一層一層的理解句子中的成分。解析定語從句應找到其相應的先行詞，而when 引導的時間狀語從句比較長，確定主謂賓關係後再將各個修飾成份加入。
【難點揭祕】這個句子的從句比較多，若是不能準確劃分主幹則很難準確理解句意。對於狀語的識別和位置的靈活掌握也是這個句子的重點之一。
【譯文賞析】去年，時任教育部長瀨戶光夫爭辯說二戰後由美國佔領當局引入的自由主義革新削弱了日本民族"尊敬父母的道德品質"的時候，輿論一片譁然
40. When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.
【詞彙突破】
advisable： 明智的
advocate： 倡導者
farfetched：牽強的
【主幹識別】it is advisable to find out 加時間狀語從句，原因狀語從句，讓步狀語從句。
【其他成分】when a new movement in art attains a certain fashion時間狀語從句；what its advocates are aiming at 賓語從句；for it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal原因狀語從句。
【微觀解析】 it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal形式主語從句，in yeas to come爲狀語，however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today讓步狀語從句，其正常語序爲：their principles may seem however farfetched and unreasonable，they 指代principles。
例：However hard he tried，he still failed in the entrance exam．
無論他多麼努力地嘗試，他還是沒有通過入學考試。
需要明白 however 詞性一爲副詞，①不管到什麼程度, 無論如何，不管怎麼②然而, 可是, 不過，仍然；詞性二爲連詞，①不管怎樣。當然however 做副詞表示“但是，轉折”的意思，這是我們最熟悉的，提醒一點，做轉折講的時候是不能連接兩個句子的。However的用法還需要注意以下兩點：
（1）用作副詞，相當於no matter how，引導讓步狀語從句，意思是“不管怎樣……”“無論如何……”，具體結構有以下兩種：
1）however+形容詞+主語+系動詞，例：
However rich people are，they always seem anxious to take more money.
無論人們有多富裕，他們似乎總是渴望掙到更多的錢。
2）however+副詞+主語+謂語，例：
However fast he runs，he can’t catch up with us.
無論他跑得多快也不能趕上我們。
（2）用作連詞，引導讓步狀語從句，意思是“怎麼樣都行”。例：
In one’s own home one can acts however he wishes.
在自己家裏一個人想幹什麼都行。
【難點揭祕】原因狀語從句中插入讓步狀語從句會使句子的後半部分顯得比較複雜。
【譯文賞析】當藝術領域的一個新運動發展成某種流行時尚時，最好應該弄清這場運動倡導者的真正意圖，因爲，不管他們的原則在今天看來多麼牽強無理，很可能多年以後他們的理論會被視爲正常。