題目描述：
The Global Aerial Research Centre has been allotted the task of building the fifth generation of mobile phone nets in Sweden. The most striking reason why they got the job, is their discovery of a new, highly noise resistant, antenna. It is called 4DAir, and comes in four types. Each type can only transmit and receive signals in a direction aligned with a (slightly skewed) latitudinal and longitudinal grid, because of the interacting electromagnetic field of the earth. The four types correspond to antennas operating in the directions north, west, south, and east, respectively. Below is an example picture of places of interest, depicted by twelve small rings, and nine 4DAir antennas depicted by ellipses covering them.
Obviously, it is desirable to use as few antennas as possible, but still provide coverage for each place of interest. We model the problem as follows: Let A be a rectangular matrix describing the surface of Sweden, where an entry of A either is a point of interest, which must be covered by at least one antenna, or empty space. Antennas can only be positioned at an entry in A. When an antenna is placed at row r and column c, this entry is considered covered, but also one of the neighbouring entries (c+1,r),(c,r+1),(c-1,r), or (c,r-1), is covered depending on the type chosen for this particular antenna. What is the least number of antennas for which there exists a placement in A such that all points of interest are covered?
輸入：
On the first row of input is a single positive integer n, specifying the number of scenarios that follow. Each scenario begins with a row containing two positive integers h and w, with 1 <= h <= 40 and 0 < w <= 10. Thereafter is a matrix presented, describing the points of interest in Sweden in the form of h lines, each containing w characters from the set ['*','o']. A '*'-character symbolises a point of interest, whereas a 'o'-character represents open space.
輸出：
For each scenario, output the minimum number of antennas necessary to cover all '*'-entries in the scenario's matrix, on a row of its own.
樣例輸入：
2
7 9
ooo**oooo
**oo*ooo*
o*oo**o**
ooooooooo
*******oo
o*o*oo*oo
*******oo
10 1
*
*
*
o
*
*
*
*
*
*
樣例輸出：
17
5
code：
蒟蒻最近在看二分圖問題，然而只會打模板，並且對模板領會的還不太好
先說這一道題吧，稍微變化一點的模板題
輸出結果爲：總城市數-最大匹配數
#include<iostream>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
const int maxn=450;
bool visit[maxn];
int match[maxn];
int city[45][20];
vector<int> g[maxn];
int dx[]={1,-1,0,0};
int dy[]={0,0,1,-1};
int n,m,number;
void add_edge(int u,int v){
g[u].push_back(v);
g[v].push_back(u);
}
bool dfs(int v){
visit[v]=true;
for(int i=0;i<g[v].size();i++){
int u=g[v][i],w=match[u];
if(w<0||!visit[w]&&dfs(w)){
match[u]=v;
match[v]=u;
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
int findd(){
int res=0;
memset(match,-1,sizeof(match));
for(int v=1;v<=number;v++){
if(match[v]<0){
memset(visit,0,sizeof(visit));
if(dfs(v))res++;
}
}
return res;
}
int main()
{
int ttt;
scanf("%d",&ttt);
while(ttt--){
scanf("%d%d",&n,&m);
number=0;
char feng[50];
memset(city,0,sizeof(city));
for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
scanf("%s",feng);
for(int j=1;j<=m;j++){
if(feng[j-1]=='*')
city[i][j]=++number;
}
}
for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
for(int j=1;j<=m;j++){
if(city[i][j]>0){
for(int k=0;k<4;k++){
int xx=dx[k]+i;
int yy=dy[k]+j;
if(xx>=1&&xx<=n&&yy>=1&&yy<=m&&city[xx][yy]>0){
add_edge(city[xx][yy],city[i][j]);
}
}
}
}
}
printf("%d\n",number-findd());
for(int i=0;i<maxn;i++){
g[i].clear();
}
}
return 0;
}