Mini CFA 考試練習題 Ethics and Investment Professionalism

倫理道德與投資職業水準

這一章109道題目,第一次看,算上中間吃晚飯大約半個小時,追劇一個多小時,一共耗時近4個小時,準確率61%,還要努力爭取下次70%以上。

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Q. Which of the following most likely represents potential violation of ethical principles due to a conflict of interest?

An analyst writes a research report about a company for which he owns a significant number of shares.
A financial salesperson, who sells specific investment products, recommends an investment product to a client and is paid a commission on the sale.
An employee sells her own shares of a company after placing a client’s order to sell shares of the same company.

A是正確的。 當擁有所有權權益時,除非該權益明顯不重要,否則分析師準備有關公司的研究報告會產生利益衝突。 分析人員的個人利益可能會影響其撰寫無偏見的客觀報告的能力,這有悖於其僱主和僱主客戶的利益。 B是不正確的,因爲負責銷售特定投資產品的金融銷售員和正在幫助客戶規劃和實現其個人財務目標的投資顧問有不同級別的責任。 C是不正確的,因爲儘管由於利益衝突,在執行客戶訂單之前進行操作(搶先)表示違反了道德原則,但員工在執行客戶訂單之後執行操作可能是適當的。


Q. In fulfilling obligations to their employer, employees should:

be careful in carrying out their responsibilities.
accept and diligently complete any assigned task.
balance their personal interests with their employer’s interests.

A是正確的。 認真履行職責是所有員工的義務。 如果員工不能勝任和謹慎行事,可能會損害公司的有效運營。 B是不正確的,因爲如果員工缺乏適當的知識或技能來執行任務,存在利益衝突或擔心道德問題,則他們不應接受任務。 C是不正確的,因爲忠誠是僱主應承擔的義務,其中包括期望僱員在履行工作義務時會出於僱主的利益行事。


Q. If the required structural and procedural controls have not been established, then an employee should:

refrain from assuming supervisory duties.
notify the appropriate regulatory authorities.
perform their supervisory duties with utmost care.

A是正確的。 僅當工作環境提供必要的結構和程序控制以防止和發現違規時,才應承擔監督職責。 監督員應負責任地履行監督職責,包括確保遵守道德,法律,專業和組織標準。 B和C是不正確的,因爲如果發現缺陷,則員工應記錄所有問題,並避免在建立控制措施之前承擔監督職責。 員工不一定有義務通知適當的監管機構。


Q. Which of the following outcomes of acting with high ethical standards will most likely directly benefit both clients and investment professionals?

Enhanced employment security
Reduced risk of adverse legal consequences
Increased trust in the fairness of financial markets

C是正確的。 遵循高道德標準行事可提高客戶對金融市場公平性的信任,從而提高市場效率,進而幫助客戶實現其投資目標。 由於客戶之間越來越多的信任增加了客戶尋求建議的可能性,因此也增加了投資專業人員的利益,從而增強了他們的就業安全性。 A和B是不正確的,因爲增強的就業保障和降低的不利法律後果的風險使投資專業人士直接或僅間接地使客戶受益。


Q. For individuals working in the investment industry, ethical standards are most needed when

legal obligations are ambiguous.
market innovations are infrequent.
different jurisdictions have unambiguous and similar laws.

A是正確的。 當法律義務含糊不清時,最需要道德標準。 在模糊或不明確的法律規則爲不道德行爲提供機會的情況下,對道德標準的需求尤其明顯。 B是不正確的,因爲法律法規往往趕不上市場創新。 因此,在頻繁的市場創新中,對道德標準的需求將非常巨大。 但是在市場創新很少的環境中,需求並不是那麼明顯。 C是不正確的,因爲在不同司法管轄區進行的活動可能會因法律義務不一致而變得複雜,這將使對道德標準的需求變得重要。 但是在法律義務明確且相似的不同司法管轄區中,對道德標準的需求並不那麼重要。


Q. According to fundamental ethical and professional principles applicable to the investment industry, which group should have their interests ranked first

Clients
Employers
Co-workers

A是正確的。 在投資行業工作的個人有義務將客戶利益置於個人利益或僱主利益之上。 B和C是不正確的,因爲儘管投資行業中的個人對僱主和同事都有義務,但客戶的利益纔是首要的


Q. The fundamental ethical principle to act with independence and objectivity is best upheld when:

client confidentiality is maintained.
personal education and professional development are undertaken.
work and opinions are unaffected by any potential conflict of interest.

C是正確的。 利益衝突會通過產生可能影響判斷的偏見而對客觀性和獨立性產生不利影響。 A是不正確的,因爲維護客戶機密性與保護機密信息的基本道德原則有關。 B是不正確的,因爲進行個人教育和職業發展與勤勉盡責的基本道德原則有關。


Q. According to fundamental ethical and professional principles for the investment industry, trading on insider information on behalf of clients is:

not allowed.
allowed only if the trade benefits the client.
allowed only if the trade is disclosed as a conflict of interest.

A是正確的。 不允許進行內幕信息交易,因爲它會破壞投資者對交易市場的信心,從而損害所有投資者。 B是不正確的,因爲在內部人信息交易中,維護金融市場完整性的責任優先於客戶利益。 因此,即使該交易將使客戶受益,也違反了基本的道德和專業原則。 C是不正確的,因爲無論是否公開內幕信息,都不允許交易。 可能不存在利益衝突,這不是問題。


Q. Which of the following is most likely a potential effect of unethical behaviour by people in the investment industry?

Increased employment
Decreased economic output
Decreased regulatory scrutiny

B是正確的。 投資行業中的不道德行爲可能會導致投資者喪失信心,這可能會減少公司的資本可用性並導致經濟產出下降。 A是不正確的,因爲減少而不是增加就業是投資行業不道德行爲的潛在結果。 C是不正確的,因爲不道德的行爲通常會導致監管審查的增加。


Q. Unethical behaviour by investment professionals may lead to higher:

employment.
long-term growth expectations for the economy.
cost of capital for those companies requiring capital.

C是正確的。 投資專業人員的不道德行爲可能導致公司發現難以在金融市場上籌集資金,從而導致更高的資本成本。 如果維持高道德標準,則獲得股本和債務融資的機會可能會增加,而需要資本的公司的資本成本將減少。 A和B是不正確的,因爲投資專業人員的不道德行爲可能會導致較低的經濟產出,較低的就業機會以及對經濟的長期增長預期


Q. The last step in an ethical decision-making process should be to:

assess how a decision turned out and learn from it.
assess how others might view a possible course of action.
determine whether the decision is affected by outside factors.

A是正確的。 道德決策過程的最後一步應該是評估決策的結果並從中學習。 B和C是不正確的,因爲評估其他人如何看待可能的行動方針,並確定決策是否受到外部因素的影響是在決策過程中較早發生的


Q. A breach of ethical standards most likely results in:

higher public trust.
reduced financial market efficiency.
fulfilment of clients’ investment goals.

B是正確的。 違反道德標準可能會破壞受道德標準影響的因素,例如市場效率。 A和C是不正確的,因爲較高的道德標準既可以提高公衆的信任度,也可以實現客戶的投資目標。


Q. According to fundamental ethical and professional principles for the investment industry, conflicts of interest with:

clients should be avoided.
clients and employers should be avoided.
clients and employers should be avoided or disclosed.

C是正確的。 在業務過程中可能會與客戶和僱主發生利益衝突。 應避免或通過披露解決衝突,以便所有相關的利益相關者都知道這些衝突及其對關係的潛在影響。 A和B是不正確的,因爲儘管最好避免利益衝突,但並非總是可以避免或消除它們。 在缺乏這種能力的情況下,員工應以通俗易懂的語言顯着地披露衝突,以有效地傳達信息。


Q. Decreased cost of capital may lead to the growth of:

only the investment industry.
only companies seeking capital in financial markets.
the investment industry, companies seeking capital in financial markets, and the overall economy.

C是正確的。 資本成本的降低可能對需要資本的公司的成長以及投資行業和整體經濟的增長產生積極影響。 A和B是不正確的,因爲降低資金成本的好處不僅限於募集資金的公司和投資行業。


Q. Which of the following best describes an internal factor that could affect judgment in ethical decisions?

Incentives
Rationalization
Authority figures

B是正確的。 可能影響判斷的內部因素包括過度自信和合理化。 A和C是錯誤的,因爲它們都是外部因素,而不是內部因素。 影響一個人的判斷力的外部因素包括權威人物,聲音人羣和激勵措施


Q. Ethical behaviour in the financial industry helps to strengthen the:

fairness of financial markets.
credibility of the legal framework.
regulatory capability to conduct examinations/inspections.

A是正確的。 以道德行爲行事的投資行業員工通過增加市場參與度和市場效率來增強金融市場的公平性。 B不正確。 道德行爲不會影響法律框架的信譽。 道德標準是必需的,因爲法律不能涵蓋行爲的所有方面。 C不正確。 市場中的道德行爲水平不會影響監管機構評估道德違規的能力。


Q. Increased market efficiency and trust can lead to increased:

access to capital.
cost of financing.
transaction costs.

A是正確的。 市場效率和信任度的提高可以增加獲得股權和債務融資的機會,並降低公司和政府的資本成本。 B不正確。 市場效率和信任度的提高可以增加獲得股權和債務融資的機會,並降低公司和政府的資本成本。 C不正確。 隨着更多交易的進行,服務提供商可以降低費用,在效率更高的市場中交易成本可能會降低。


Q. Companies with ethical employees face:

fewer legal risks.
a decline in profitability.
higher levels of staff turnover.

A是正確的。 如果員工遵守道德規範,那麼他們的行爲就不太可能對僱主產生負面影響,包括法律後果。 B不正確。 擁有道德員工的公司可能會因所需控制措施減少而獲得更高的利潤。 獲利能力源於信任,有道德的員工會增加客戶之間的信任。 C不正確。 在有道德的工作環境中,員工流動率可能會更低,而不是更高。 合規可以增強就業保障並增加職業發展的確定性。


Q. The benefits of increased market participation include:

an increase in financial illiteracy.
larger security price movements.
quicker security price adjustments.

C是正確的。 市場參與度的提高導致市場效率的提高,這意味着資產價格能夠迅速調整以適應有關市場資產價值的新信息。 A不正確。 市場參與度的提高也提高了公衆對金融體系的認識和理解,即提高了金融知識水平。 B不正確。 市場參與的增加增加了流動性,從而使投資者能夠在不大幅影響價格的情況下進行資產交易。


Q. Unethical conduct in the investment industry can lead to:

significantly lower levels of firm risk.
a decline in the number of declared bankruptcies.
clients failing to meet their investment objectives.

C是正確的。 投資行業的不道德行爲可能導致客戶遭受痛苦,包括由於市場參與者信任度下降而導致市場參與度降低,從而無法實現其投資目標。 A不正確。 不道德的行爲會增加風險,包括聲譽風險。 B不正確。 投資行業的不道德行爲可能導致傳染,從而導致金融服務公司以及投資行業以外的其他公司中宣告破產的人數增加。


Q. When using an ethical decision-making framework, the process should be concluded by:

reviewing the outcome.
seeking additional guidance.
identifying and evaluating alternate actions.

A是正確的。 審查結果應在道德決策框架中結束流程,並在下次應用該框架時提供反饋。


Q. To ensure clients receive value-added investment services based on an ethical framework, investment firms must:

treat all clients equally.
conduct due diligence on third-party research providers.
guarantee clients receive a positive net investment return.

B是正確的。 當投資公司使用第三方研究供應商的服務來提供投資信息時,它必須對第三方進行盡職調查以確保所接收信息的可靠性。 A不正確。 應公平對待客戶,而不是平等對待。 C不正確。 保證回報並不一定能確保道德投資決策框架


Q. One of the consequences of unethical behaviour by members of the securities industry is that the:

pace of economic development increases.
stability of financial markets is put at risk.
use of investment professionals to advise investors increases.

B是正確的。 證券業成員不遵守道德標準會降低金融市場的穩定性。 A不正確。 不道德的行爲會導致經濟發展放緩。 C不正確。 不道德的行爲會導致人們對該行業失去信任,從而導致投資者減少以及他們對投資專業人員的使用。


Q. When facing an ethical dilemma, a person needs to:

identify potential personal biases.
determine whose opinions matter.
only consider consequences for the client.

A是正確的。 在做出有關道德困境的決定之前,一個人應該瞭解什麼個人偏見或過去的經驗會影響他或她做出客觀決定的能力。 B不正確。 在做出有關道德困境的決定時,應考慮事實而不是意見。 他人的意見可能會對適當的判斷產生負面影響。 C不正確。 對所有人的責任不僅應考慮到客戶。 道德困境也可能影響僱主,同事甚至公衆。


Q. Ethical standards help to uphold trust in the investment industry because laws and regulations:

can be vague.
change too quickly.
do not guide individual behaviour.

A是正確的。 法律法規可能含糊不清或含糊不清,也無法定論,並且對金融市場變化的反應速度很慢。 結果,需要道德行爲來維持對金融市場的信任。 B不正確。 法律法規通常變化緩慢,因此需要道德標準來指導法律法規緩慢適應變化環境的行爲。 C不正確。 在法律不模糊不清的地方,法律和法規能夠指導個人的行爲。


Q. Mandatory compliance with the CFA Institute Code of Ethics is determined by:

country of residence.
local laws and regulations.
membership in CFA Institute.

C是正確的。 無論居住國家或當地法律法規如何,CFA學院的所有成員均必須遵守CFA學院的道德守則


Q. A regulator’s discovery of systemic unethical behaviour by a group of employees over a long period would likely cause an employer to:

decrease fees paid to lawyers.
increase scrutiny of other employees.
retain their current compliance officer.

B是正確的。 監管者一旦發現一羣員工的系統性不道德行爲,就很可能會要求公司通過加強對其員工的審查來改善對合規性的監督。 監管機構還可能要求公司聘請獨立的合規顧問來改善政策和程序。 A不正確。 員工的不道德行爲可能導致僱主增加向律師支付的費用,以捍衛法院或監管機構中的不道德和/或非法行爲。 C不正確。 考慮到一組員工的不道德行爲具有系統性的長期性,僱主可能會替換現有的合規官,因爲他們沒有以適當的方式進行監督。


Q. When investigating an employee for suspected unethical behaviour, a firm’s compliance officer should most likely:

quickly close the case.
make all decisions without consulting others.
determine the information needed to make a decision.

C是正確的。 掌握事實是道德決策框架中的一步。 此過程的一部分是確定在處理可疑的不道德行爲時可以做出審慎決定之前需要哪些信息。 收集所需的信息可能會花費一些時間,並且需要其他人的投入。 當員工的職業處於平衡狀態時,急於做出決定是不公平的。 這樣做是不道德的,因此不尊重同事會違反CFA研究所的道德守則。 A不正確。 瞭解事實是道德決策框架中的一步。 收集所需信息可能需要一些時間。 B不正確。 瞭解事實是道德決策框架中的一步。 所需信息的收集可能需要其他人的輸入。


Q. A report was recently published in a magazine widely read across the world by retail and high-net-worth investors. The report exposed a common unethical practice among stockbrokers in small illiquid emerging markets. The report focused on practices in a particular local market. This report may negatively affect investor confidence in:

financial markets worldwide.
the highlighted local market only.
the emerging markets specifically mentioned.

A是正確的。 任何關於不道德行爲的報告,無論發生在何處,都會使全世界的投資者想知道他們的市場中是否也在發生類似的不道德行爲,這可能導致公衆信任度和投資者信心下降。


Q. Which of the following is affected by high ethical standards?

Public trust
Market volatility
Financial market performance

A是正確的。 高道德標準可增強公衆信任。 市場波動和金融市場表現未必會受到高道德標準的影響。 B是不正確的市場波動和金融市場表現未必會受到高道德標準的影響。 C是不正確的,因爲市場波動和金融市場表現未必會受到高道德標準的影響。


Q. An accounting clerk working for an investment bank buys shares in a highly sought after initial public offering (IPO) that is anticipated to be over-sold and is being recommended to all of the investment bank’s clients. Which obligation to his employer and/or to his employer’s clients did the clerk violate?

His obligation to be loyal
His obligation to avoid conflicts of interest
His obligation to recommend suitable investments

B是正確的。 該業務員違反了避免利益衝突的義務。 投資銀行的所有員工都有義務將公司客戶的利益置於個人之上。 在這種情況下,業務員將其利益放在客戶之前。 A是不正確的,因爲店員沒有違反其對僱主的忠誠度。 C是不正確的,因爲會計人員不會負責向客戶推薦合適的投資。


Q. The chief investment officer (CIO) of a portfolio management firm discovers that a coworker who reports to him is not following new investment regulations because he was ill and out of work the day of the regulations training by the compliance officer. The CIO should:

immediately terminate the coworker’s employment.
write a negative report about the coworker’s performance.
check all of the coworker’s work to ensure it meets the new regulations.

C是正確的。 首席信息官應親自檢查所有已完成的工作,直到他感到同事可以理解新規定下的義務爲止。 首席信息官不應對同事寫負面報告,也不應將其終止,因爲他有正當理由錯過培訓。 A是不正確的,因爲同事有正當理由錯過培訓,因此不應立即終止。 B是不正確的,因爲CIO不應給同事寫負面報告,因爲他有正當的理由錯過培訓。 作爲主管的CIO確實有責任確保遵守所有規定,並確保同事有機會接受培訓。


Q. Regarding the principles of fair dealing, under what circumstance can a firm treat two clients differently?

When one client has different investment objectives than the other
When one client has more assets under management than the other
When one client agrees to a higher fee rate than that paid by the other

A是正確的。 公平交易要求以相似的方式對待所有具有相似投資目標的客戶。 支付較高費用或擁有更多資產管理的客戶無法比其他客戶得到更優惠的待遇。 B是不正確的,因爲管理更多資產的客戶無法得到比其他客戶更優惠的待遇C是不正確的,因爲支付較高費用的客戶無法比其他客戶得到更優惠的待遇


Q. Should a firm always put client interests first?

Yes
No, not when the firm’s profitability will be harmed
No, not when the client’s trading activities are unethical

C是正確的。 當客戶的活動非法或不道德時,資本市場的完整性優先於客戶利益。 公司和投資專業人員對行業負有責任,以確保客戶的行爲不會損害市場誠信。 A是不正確的,因爲當客戶的活動是非法的或不道德的時,資本市場的完整性優先於客戶的利益。 B是不正確的,因爲公司的獲利能力並不優先於客戶利益。


Q. A regulator determines that a trade is a case of insider trading. During the investigation, the regulator learns that a receptionist at the firm had suspected the violation but didn’t report it to his supervisor because the firm did not have a whistleblower policy. Which of the following is an expected consequence?

The firm’s share price may increase.
The regulator increases future scrutiny of the firm.
The regulator bans the receptionist from working in the investments industry.

B是正確的。 監管者可能會加強對該公司的未來審查。 接待員不太可能會因爲沒有真正參加內幕交易而失業。 但是,監管機構可能會對公司實施罰款,因爲沒有吹哨政策可能會導致股東價值下降。 A是不正確的,因爲監管機構可能會因爲沒有吹口哨政策而對公司處以罰款,這可能會導致股東價值的損失而不是增加。 C是不正確的,因爲監管機構可能會增加對公司的未來審查,而且接待員不太可能因爲他實際上沒有參與內幕交易而失去工作。 但是,監管機構可能會因爲沒有舉報人政策而對公司處以罰款,這將有助於更快地發現道德違規行爲,並對公司實施更嚴格的監管報告要求。 兩者都可能對公司產生財務影響。


Q. Which of the following is a consequence of unethical behaviour in the investment industry?

A vibrant capital market
Investment firms going out of business
More private companies seeking a listing on an exchange

B是正確的。 由於投資行業不道德的行爲,由於市場信心喪失,交易量減少,企業可能倒閉。 A是不正確的,因爲投資行業中的不道德行爲會使投資者對金融市場的完整性失去信心,這很可能導致資本市場不活躍或不活躍。 C是不正確的,因爲由於失去市場信心導致的不活躍市場不會鼓勵許多IPO


Q. A compliance officer is investigating a potential ethical violation reported through a company’s whistleblower procedures. As part of the “Get the Facts” step within her decision framework, the compliance officer determined the relevant facts of the case and decided that what she did not know would likely be inconsequential. The compliance manager then asked herself, “Do I have enough information to determine whether a violation actually occurred?” Which of the following questions should the compliance officer also ask herself as part of the “Get the Facts” step?

What options do I have when acting on my decision?
Is there anyone else I can discuss this situation with?
How should I manage the whistleblower’s conflicts of interest?

B是正確的。 在道德決策框架中的“獲取事實”步驟下,另一個問題是:“我應該諮詢任何人嗎?” 此步驟中的另一個問題是:“我如何才能瞭解有關情況?” A不正確,因爲此問題是“確定和評估替代措施”步驟的一部分,C不正確,因爲此問題是“確定利益衝突”步驟的一部分。


Q. Which of the following is a factor that is affected by high ethical standards in the investment profession?

Market integrity
Regulators’ trust
Clients’ investment goals

A是正確的。 市場誠信是受投資行業高道德標準影響的因素。 B是錯誤的,因爲市場誠信而不是監管者的信任會影響投資專業人士的道德標準。 C是錯誤的,因爲客戶的信任或投資目標而不是成功是影響投資行業道德標準的因素。


Q. Compared with his co-workers in the investment department, an employee working in the information and communication technologies department has general obligations to an investment firm’s clients and prospective clients that are:

similar.
less stringent.
more stringent.

A是正確的。 客戶和準客戶以及僱主和同事的一般義務對於投資行業的所有員工都是相似的。


Q. A research analyst writes an investment report on a company he holds in his personal investment portfolio. In the report, he makes a “buy” recommendation. Does the analyst have an obligation to disclose his personal holdings of shares in that company to any of his employer’s potential clients?

Yes
No, he would only need to if he had made a “sell” recommendation
No, he only needs to disclose his ownership to his employer’s existing clients

A是正確的。研究分析師有義務讓其僱主及其僱主的現有和潛在客戶披露潛在的利益衝突。他正在對自己擁有的個人投資組合中的股票提出買入建議,這是利益衝突。客戶和準客戶有權瞭解此信息,以便他們可以嘗試瞭解分析師提出建議的任何潛在動機。 B是不正確的,因爲客戶和準客戶有權瞭解此信息,因此他們可能會嘗試瞭解分析師提出建議的任何潛在動機。分析師可能會提出“賣出”建議,以壓低股價,以便他可以以比當前市場價格低的價格爲自己的投資組合購買更多股票。 C是不正確的,因爲研究分析師對他的僱主,他的僱主的客戶和準客戶有義務披露潛在的利益衝突。


Q. A client who has been with an investment advisory firm for more than 10 years informs the CEO that he is taking his portfolio to another firm. When asked why, he states that the other company has products that better meet his new risk profile. At this point, the firm’s obligation to the client should lead the CEO to first ask:

Has the client been treated fairly over the past 10 years?
Do we have a comparable product that would meet the client’s best interests?
Has sufficient competence been applied to achieve the client’s best interests?

B是正確的。 儘管首席執行官不想失去客戶,但他有義務要求客戶將自己的利益置於公司利益之上。 因此,首席執行官有義務確定公司是否擁有可以滿足客戶新風險要求的產品。 如果不是這樣,首席執行官應讓客戶前往競爭對手。 A是不正確的,因爲此問題是一個彙報問題,不能直接幫助客戶滿足其新的風險狀況,但將來可能會幫助公司改善其客戶服務。 C是不正確的,因爲此問題是一個彙報問題,不能直接幫助客戶滿足其新的風險狀況,但有可能在將來幫助公司提高其能力和勤奮程度。


Q. Max Brown, a software programmer, was recently fired from his job at a portfolio administration company, despite having successfully designed a software programme during his employment that greatly improved the company’s productivity. Subsequently, Brown sold a copy of the software programme to a competitor. Has Brown violated any obligation to his former employer?

Yes
No, he is no longer an employee
No, he designed the software programme

A是正確的。 儘管被解僱,布朗還是有義務忠於其前任僱主。 由於Brown是在工作中設計該軟件的,因此該軟件屬於公司。 他有義務要求其前任僱主不要挪用公司財產。 B是不正確的,因爲無論被解僱,Brown都有忠於其前僱主的義務,儘管自己設計了該軟件,也不得挪用公司的資產。 C是不正確的,因爲儘管布朗本人親自設計了軟件,但他有忠於其前僱主的義務,不得挪用該公司的資產。


Q. Employees of a small asset management company that hires only CFA charterholders have complained that their bosses do not allow them to attend training courses related to their work. The bosses have justified the policy because the courses were only offered during work hours when the employees needed to look after clients. Do the bosses likely comply with principles of the CFA Institute Code of Ethics?

Yes
No, because they are hindering the development of their employees
No, because they are discouraging others to practice in a professional manner

B是正確的。 CFA協會《道德守則》要求會員保持和提高其專業能力,並努力保持和提高其他投資專業人士的能力。 A是不正確的,因爲CFA道德守則要求會員保持和提高其專業能力,並努力保持和提高其他投資專業人士的能力。 C是不正確的,因爲CFA道德守則要求成員保持和提高其專業能力,並努力維護和提高其他投資專業人士的能力。


Q. A supervisor under an extremely tight deadline presses members of his team to get their client reporting assignments done on time. Despite his efforts, he realises the client reports will not be out until the next day and decides to leave for home earlier than normal. As a result, the clients’ reports are delivered two days late, in violation of the company’s internal policies. Subsequently, he reports the violation to his superior. Which of the supervisor’s actions violated the CFA Code of Ethics?

Going home early
Reporting the violation
Putting pressure on the team

A是正確的。 通過比平常早離開,他將自己的興趣放在了希望按時收到報告的客戶的前面。 B是不正確的,因爲主管通過向其老闆報告違規行爲,從而通過將其僱主的利益置於自己的利益之上來維護CFA道德守則。 C是不正確的,因爲督促團隊成員按時完成報告,而主管並未違反《道德守則》,他只是試圖將客戶利益放在首位。


Q. A high-net-worth client calls the receptionist of her asset management company to request a copy of her portfolio’s year-end statement be sent to her tax accountant to help prepare her income tax filing before the statutory deadline in two days. To prevent violating the CFA Institute Standards of Professional Conduct, what action should the receptionist take?

E-mail the report as quickly as possible, as requested by the client.
First seek permission from her boss to send the information as requested.
Inform the client’s portfolio manager and ask him to contact the client directly.

C是正確的。 CFA專業行爲標準要求對客戶信息保密。 接待員不太可能具有通過電話識別客戶的能力。 因此,應將請求通知投資組合經理,以便可以直接聯繫客戶以確認請求,並遵循必要的程序來確認客戶的身份。 A是不正確的,因爲接待員不太可能通過電話識別客戶。 B是不正確的,因爲她的老闆可能沒有適當的權限來發布機密信息。


Q. A conflict of interest can occur when interests of an employer are given priority over the interests of a(n):

client.
employee.
competitor.

A是正確的。 當僱主的利益優先於其客戶之一的利益時,就會發生利益衝突。 B是錯誤的,因爲當僱主的利益優先於其僱員之一的利益時,就不會發生利益衝突。 C是不正確的,因爲當僱主的利益優先於其競爭對手之一的利益時,就不會發生利益衝突。


Q. Increased market efficiency and trust will have what impact on access to debt and equity capital and cost of funds, respectively?

Access to debt and equity capital will increase; cost of funds will increase.
Access to debt and equity capital will increase; cost of funds will decrease.
Access to debt and equity capital will decrease; cost of funds will decrease.

B是正確的。 市場效率和信任度的提高將導致債務和股權資本的獲取增加,資金成本減少。 A是不正確的,因爲提高市場效率和信任度將導致獲得債務和股權資本的機會增加和減少資金成本。 C是不正確的,因爲提高市場效率和信任將導致獲得債務和股權資本的增加或減少資金成本。


Q. A supervisor has to make a very difficult decision regarding one of his firm’s top performing employees as a result of his actions during a trip, as reported by another colleague who was with him. Before making the decision, the supervisor discusses with his superior his choices in response to the unethical behaviour. Which of the following steps in a decision-making framework is the supervisor taking?

Get the facts
Identify an ethical issue
Seek additional guidance

C是正確的。 主管正在尋求第三方的其他指導,以幫助確定主管應採取的適當措施。 A是不正確的,因爲事實似乎已經收集到,因爲同事報告了表現最好的人的不道德行爲。 B是不正確的,因爲同事發現了不道德的行爲並進行了舉報。


Q. Maintaining high ethical standards in the investment industry will most likely result in:

decreased market efficiency.
fewer conflicts of interest.
increased market participation.

C是正確的。 通過維持高道德標準,對金融市場公平的信任將增加,從而增加市場參與度。 A是不正確的,因爲維持高道德標準的最終結果應該是提高市場效率。 B是不正確的,因爲高道德標準可幫助個人處理潛在的利益衝突,但不會影響這些固有衝突的數量。


Q. An investment manager who also actively runs her own restaurant until late in the evening each day often misses morning investment strategy meetings as a result. She justifies missing these meetings by stating she is directly servicing clients when she holds late-night dinner meetings with them. The investment manager might not be loyal to her employer because she:

does not invite the firm’s other clients to have similar dinners.
submits reimbursement forms for her client’s wholesale dinner costs.
jeopardises her investment clients’ interests by missing the strategy meetings.

C是正確的。 由於在餐廳工作到深夜而錯過了投資策略會議,因此投資經理對她的僱主不忠。 在錯過這些會議的過程中,她在會議期間共享了可能影響客戶投資組合的重要信息,因此她沒有爲客戶的利益採取必要的照顧。 A不正確。 不需要平等對待客戶,因此只邀請她的客戶而不是公司的所有客戶,就不會對她的僱主不忠。 B不正確。 如果晚餐在另一家餐廳,則投資經理應提交一份報銷表。 通過僅收取批發費用,投資經理可以幫助減輕利益衝突,從而使她從晚餐中獲利。


Q. An exception to the ethical principle that investment managers must put a client’s interests before those of his own or his firm occurs when by doing so:

it would harm market integrity.
sales commissions would be diminished.
the firm’s other clients would not be treated equally.

A是正確的。 客戶利益必須高於公司利益或公司僱員利益的原則的唯一例外是,將客戶利益放在首位會損害資本市場的完整性。 B不正確。 公司的員工不得根據提供給他們的產品或公司最高的銷售佣金來建議客戶。 C不正確。 不必平等對待所有客戶,因爲他們具有不同的投資目標和限制。


Q. A company policy that restricts employees from accepting gifts that may prejudice their judgment reflects a professional standard of practice regarding:

disclosing conflicts of interest.
acting with independence and objectivity.
exercising reasonable care and prudent judgment.

B是正確的。 具有獨立性和客觀性的專業原則要求投資行業的工作人員以周到和客觀的方式履行其專業職責,沒有任何可能影響其判斷力的義務,負擔或偏見,例如天賦或人際關係。


Q. The need for ethical behaviour has increased over the last few decades because:

regulatory and cultural values are increasingly similar.
organisations are less willing to operate across borders.
financial products and services have become more complex.

C是正確的。 在過去的幾十年中,隨着投資產品和金融服務的廣度和複雜性的增加,道德困境的可能性也在增加。 因此,這增加了對道德行爲的需求。 B不正確。 組織更有可能跨越國界運作。 A不正確。 監管和文化環境是多種多樣的,並且越來越不相似。


Q. When an investment professional is explaining her obligations as a supervisor, she should state, "As part of my key obligations, I must:

never self-assess my personal conduct".
always identify all to whom my duty of obligation is owed".
examine the competence applied in achieving the employer’s best interest".

B是正確的。 監事必須確定對誰負有義務,這是其作爲監事的責任的一部分。 這種澄清將幫助她確定如何治療道德困境。 A不正確。 主管必須進行自我評估,以確保其個人行爲符合客戶,僱主和投資行業的誠信,道德標準和目標。 C不正確。 主管有責任評估爲實現客戶(而不是僱主)的最大利益而應用的能力和勤奮。


Q. An investment manager receives a recommendation to buy a certain security for his client’s portfolio. The recommendation is based on extensive research by his firm’s research team. Although he believes the research to be sound and the recommendation justified, he does not buy the shares for his client’s portfolio because five years ago he owned the same security and sold it for a substantial loss. The investment manager is failing to:

avoid conflicts of interest.
make full and fair disclosures.
act with independence and objectivity.

C是正確的。 投資經理在爲客戶做出投資決策時,不得允許個人偏見(例如先前的不良投資經歷)影響其專業判斷。 A不正確。 沒有明顯的利益衝突,因爲他不再持有其個人投資組合中的股份。 B不正確。 由於他不再持有其投資組合中的股份,因此無需披露。


Q. To meet his obligation to the firm’s clients, a back-office employee should:

treat all client information as confidential and protect its security.
refuse to meet clients because they do not make investment decisions.
not hold any of the same securities in his personal portfolio as are in client portfolios.

A是正確的。 所有員工都有義務對客戶的信息保密,並確保信息的安全性,以便其他人不會未經授權訪問信息。 B不正確。 有時,後臺辦公室員工需要與客戶見面以回答客戶的問題,因此應該準備以專業的方式進行。 C不正確。 只要客戶有機會首先進行交易並且已經進行了適當的披露,因此僱員被禁止在其個人投資組合中持有相同的股份,這樣就宣佈了任何潛在的利益衝突,使客戶可以就使用該資產做出明智的決定。 公司的服務。


Q. Two employees of a prominent investment adviser who get into a loud argument with some pushing and shoving when attending a private company event held at the company’s offices are violating their obligations to their:

employer.
co-workers.
employer and co-workers.

B是正確的。 員工有義務尊重他們的同事。 通過在辦公室引起糾紛,兩名員工不僅尊重另一名員工,而且也無視任何目睹了這一爭端的員工。 A不正確。 由於爭執是在私人活動中進行,因此僱主的聲譽不太可能受到損害。 C不正確。 由於爭執是在私人活動中進行,因此僱主的聲譽不太可能受到損害。


Q. Consequences are most severe for market participants who violate which of the following?

Regulations
Ethical principles
Professional standards

A是正確的。 對於違反法規的後果最爲嚴重。 B和C是不正確的,因爲違反道德準則和專業標準會帶來後果,但這些後果可能不如帶有法律效力的違反法規的後果嚴重。


Q. Regulations that affect the financial services industry are most likely needed because:

power is equally distributed among industry participants.
the same information is available to all industry participants.
a high number of interconnections exists among industry participants.

C是正確的。 由於行業參與者之間存在大量的相互聯繫,因此需要影響金融服務行業的法規。 行業參與者之間的互連存在系統性故障的風險。 A和B是不正確的,因爲行業參與者之間的相對權力和獲取信息的方式有所不同,這就需要進行監管。


Q. Which of the following best describes a broad objective of regulation in the context of the financial services industry?

To protect consumers
To eliminate financial risk
To enforce corporate policies and procedures

A是正確的。 在金融服務行業中,保護消費者是監管的廣泛目標。 B是不正確的,因爲降低風險可能是監管的目標,但是消除金融服務行業中的風險是不可能的。 C是不正確的,因爲公司制定了公司政策和程序,目的是確保良好的商業行爲並遵守法規; 但是,執行公司內部政策並不是監管的目標。


Q. Regulations to ensure that companies in the financial services industry do not engage in practices that could cause failures in the financial markets most likely have:

a social objective.
an efficiency objective.
an economic stability objective.

C是正確的。 確保經濟服務目標的法規是確保金融服務行業中的公司不從事可能導致金融市場失敗的做法。 A是不正確的,因爲監管的社會目標包括增加對特定羣體的信貸可用性,鼓勵擁有房屋,提高國民儲蓄率以及防止犯罪活動。 B是錯誤的,因爲監管的效率目標旨在降低成本並提高經濟效率。 例如,採用規則來標準化文檔或如何傳輸信息。


Q. Regulations intended to increase the national savings rate and encourage home ownership most likely have:

a social objective.
a fairness objective.
an economic stability objective.

A是正確的。 旨在提高國民儲蓄率並鼓勵擁有住房的法規具有社會目標。 B是不正確的,因爲監管的公平目標旨在促進沒有參與者具有不公平優勢的公平有序市場。 C是錯誤的,因爲經濟穩定目標旨在確保金融服務行業的公司不從事可能破壞經濟的行爲。


Q. In working toward ensuring fairness in the markets, regulators most likely attempt to:

increase information asymmetries.
maintain fair and orderly markets.
prevent public release of insider information.

B是正確的。 法規試圖通過推廣消除對選定參與者不公平優勢的規則來維護公平有序的市場。 A是不正確的,因爲信息不對稱是指某些市場參與者比其他參與者擁有更多與投資相關的信息。 法規試圖減少而不是信息不對稱。 C是不正確的,因爲法規試圖阻止參與者進行內部信息交易,從而損害其他市場參與者。 公開發布或傳播減少了內部信息的不公平優勢。


Q. Which of the following is most likely a regulatory failure?

Only inadequate regulation
Only failure to enforce regulation
Both inadequate regulation and failure to enforce regulation

C是正確的。 監管不力和未能正確執行法規都是監管失敗的例子,有可能對市場參與者和整個行業造成傷害。


Q. The step in the regulatory process at which regulators weigh the costs and benefits of a proposed regulation is the:

analysis.
identification of perceived need.
dispute resolution process.

A是正確的。 分析是監管過程中的一步,在此過程中,監管機構會權衡擬議法規的成本和收益。 B是不正確的,因爲確定感知需求是識別未來需求或先前問題並導致監管的步驟。 C是錯誤的,因爲爭議解決過程是確定爭議處理方式的步驟。


Q. In establishing a merit-based rule, regulators are most likely to:

restrict access to specific products deemed to be risky.
mandate disclosure of information relevant to decision making.
establish broad principles within which the industry is expected to operate.

A是正確的。在基於績效的監管體系中,監管機構試圖通過限制向消費者出售的產品來保護消費者。 B是不正確的,因爲基於披露而不是基於績效的監管系統要求披露與決策相關的信息。在基於公開信息的系統中,監管機構不決定產品對消費者是好是壞,而只是確保消費者有足夠的信息來做出自己的決定。 C是不正確的,因爲基於原則而不是基於績效的監管體系建立了廣泛的原則,預期該行業將在其中運作。實際上,大多數監管系統都是混合使用四種方法中的每一種:基於規則,基於原則,基於績效和基於披露的方法。結果,某些法規將非常詳細,某些法規將建立廣泛的原則,某些法規將試圖通過限制對被認爲有風險或有害的產品的訪問來保護消費者,而某些法規則將重點放在確保提供適當的信息上。


Q. In the regulatory process, regulators must assess whether firms and individuals are complying with regulations. This step in the regulatory process is best described as:

monitoring.
enforcement.
implementation.

A是正確的。 在典型的監管過程中,涉及監視公司和個人的合規性(包括檢查和調查等)的步驟是監視步驟。 B是不正確的,因爲監管過程的執行步驟涉及監管者識別和懲罰違規行爲。 C是不正確的,因爲監管過程的實施步驟是在新法規生效時進行的,並且可能包括將新法規告知公司和個人。


Q. Regulations that require large financial firms to create virtual and physical barriers between investment banking activities and research activities are examples of:

trading rules.
gatekeeping rules.
sales practice rules.

C是正確的。 要求大型金融公司在投資銀行業務和研究活動之間創建虛擬和物理障礙的法規是銷售實踐規則的示例。 當金融服務提供商在其客戶的決策中具有財務利益時,銷售業務規則會嘗試解決潛在的利益衝突。 此類法規還包括對廣告和價格的控制。 A是不正確的,因爲交易規則着重於市場中的交易慣例和金融參與者的交易活動,以確保公平,有組織和有效的市場。 B是不正確的,因爲網守規則旨在確保行業人員符合能力和完整性標準,並且所提供的金融產品符合某些標準。


Q. Regulations that attempt to prevent market manipulation are examples of:

trading rules.
operational rules.
sales practice rules.

A是正確的。 試圖防止市場操縱的法規是交易規則的例子。 交易規則側重於市場中的交易慣例和金融參與者的交易活動,以確保公平,有組織和有效的市場。 市場操縱涉及投資者採取旨在改變股票價格以產生短期利潤的行動。 B是錯誤的,因爲運營規則與公司的運營方式有關; 操作規則包括有關財務槓桿以及如何處理客戶帳戶的規則。 C是不正確的,因爲銷售慣例規則旨在確保行業專業人員就推薦的產品和所收取的費用適當對待客戶。 此外,此類規則旨在減少行業專業人員在銷售和推薦金融產品時可能面臨的潛在利益衝突。


Q. An objective of establishing corporate policies and procedures is to:

promote economic growth and stability.
ensure compliance with laws and regulations by employees.
set standards for employee conduct that carry the force of law.

B是正確的。 建立公司政策和程序的目的是確保員工遵守法律法規。 A是不正確的,因爲促進經濟增長和穩定是監管的廣泛目標。 C是不正確的,因爲公司的政策和程序不具有法律效力。


Q. With respect to corporate policies and procedures, when should supervision of employees begin?

Before an employee is hired
During an employee’s orientation
During an employee’s job training

A是正確的。 在僱用員工之前就開始進行監督; 公司應進行背景調查,以確定潛在僱員的能力和性格。 B和C是不正確的,因爲最初的方向和培訓應強調公司政策和程序以及法規遵從性的重要性和作用,但這些都是在僱用員工之後發生的。


Q. The consequences of failure to comply with regulations and corporate policies and procedures:

include costs to only the firm and employees.
range from individual costs to damage to the global economy.
are borne by the employee who failed to comply and not by the employee’s supervisor or employer.

B是正確的。 不遵守法規以及公司政策和程序的後果可能會產生深遠的後果。 A是不正確的,因爲這些故障不僅影響公司及其員工。 C是不正確的,因爲主管和僱主可能會爲失敗承擔一些責任。


Q. Regulatory sanctions against firms include:

only financial penalties.
only financial penalties and loss of licences.
financial penalties, loss of licences, and forced closure.

C是正確的。 不遵守法規和內部政策可能會導致監管制裁,包括罰款,失去執照和強制關閉。 A和B是不正確的,因爲制裁可能包括罰款,失去許可證和強制關閉。


Q. An example of a type of regulation would most likely be:

company policies on personal trading.
a trade association’s member rules.
stock broker licensing and reporting requirements.

C是正確的。 證券經紀人的許可和報告要求將是一種法規,因爲它們設置了行爲標準並具有法律效力,法律效力由政府機構或政府機構授權的實體執行。 A不正確。 公司政策既不由政府機構制定也不執行,因此從定義上講不是法規。 B不正確。 貿易協會規則既未由政府機構制定也未執行,因此從定義上講不是法規。


Q. When the failure of a large financial services company leads to the subsequent failure of many other financial services companies, causing serious damage to the economy, it is called:

fraud.
contagion.
corruption.

B是正確的。 當一家大型金融服務公司的倒閉導致其他金融服務公司倒閉,從而嚴重損害經濟時,就會發生傳染。 A不正確。 欺騙不是傳染的形式。 使用不誠實或欺騙手段時會發生欺騙。 C不正確。 腐敗不是傳染的形式。 腐敗是利益衝突(通常是個人利益)破壞他人利益的時候。


Q. When an employee fails to abide by his firm’s personal trading rules, which require pre-clearance of any transaction, it may lead to the firm’s regulator:

finding additional problems in other areas.
requiring the firm’s personal trading rules to be abolished.
insisting the firm undertake its pre-clearance procedures through the regulator.

A是正確的。 公司會不斷與監管機構進行互動,因此,在某個領域忽視監管機構的意見可能會導致其他領域出現問題。 B不正確。 監管機構不會廢除要求員工提前清算交易的個人交易政策,因爲這可能導致與客戶和公司以及內部交易的利益衝突增加。 C不正確。 監管者不從事與個別公司的政策和程序有關的活動。 他們不能同時執行和執行,因爲這會造成利益衝突。


Q. Which of the following is an objective of regulation?

To help borrowers minimise costs
To help governments achieve social objectives
To help informed investors earn higher returns

B是正確的。 政府可以使用法規來實現社會發展目標。 A是不正確的,因爲法規旨在保護消費者免受濫用和操縱性的市場慣例的侵害。 監管機構無法確保市場表現良好。 C是不正確的,因爲監管機構旨在確保沒有投資者擁有不公平優勢的公平有序市場,而不是獲得利益。


Q. A capital market regulator who implements rules that increase the use of dispute resolution mechanisms is addressing which broad objective of regulation?

Fairness
Efficiency
Economic stability

B是正確的。 爭端解決系統可以通過減少得出結論所需的時間來減少法律索賠的成本。 這一結果有助於提高金融市場的效率。 A是不正確的,因爲公平與監管者爲維持“公平有序”的市場而做出的努力有關,在該市場中沒有參與者具有不公平的優勢。C是不正確的,因爲監管者制定了法規以確保從業者不會從事會破壞經濟的行爲。


Q. Which of the following statements regarding documented corporate policies and procedures is true? Corporate policies and procedures serve to:

ensure firm compliance with regulations.
guide employees on acceptable behaviour.
ensure a high success rate when bidding for new business.

B是正確的。 成文的公司政策和程序建立了可接受的員工行爲準則。 A是不正確的,因爲文件化的公司政策和程序不能確保遵守法規,它們只是允許公司監視和識別偏差。 C是不正確的,因爲客戶根據幾種標準任命金融服務公司,而這些標準中已記錄了公司政策和程序的只是其中之一。 成功競標新業務不能僅歸因於已記錄的公司政策和程序的可用性。


Q. Which of the following corporate procedures or policies best protects the interests of a financial services firm’s clients?

Front office staff remuneration packages are commissioned based.
An employee is allowed to report suspected violations anonymously.
New employees receive extensive training; thereafter, employees are required to ensure that they understand any changes occurring in the market.

B是正確的。 對於員工而言,重要的是要知道他們可以舉報可疑活動,而不必擔心會受到報復。 通過能夠匿名舉報,舉報者受到了保護。 主管和高級管理層應承擔進一步調查以確定是否確實發生違規行爲的責任。 A是不正確的,因爲僅基於績效的薪酬待遇會鼓勵不道德的做法,例如內幕交易。 C是不正確的,因爲必須持續進行員工培訓,而不僅僅是在僱用員工時。 確保公司所有員工接受持續培訓是公司的責任,即使它旨在提醒員工他們對客戶的法律和道德責任。


Q. A regulator heavily fined Pinnacle Advisors after employees were found to be front running. In addition to the fine, the regulator required the firm to hire an external compliance consultant to review and create conflict of interest policies and enforcement procedures where necessary. The regulator also required the firm to inform all of its clients of the penalties faced. Which of the following is a consequence for Pinnacle?

Loss of client accounts
Lower operational expenses
Decline in client investment returns

A是正確的。 品尼高可能會損失客戶賬戶,因爲客戶通常不願意與沒有嚴格執行法規的公司合作。 B是不正確的,因爲Pinnacle由於被迫僱用外部合規顧問而將面臨更高的運營費用。 C是不正確的,因爲此監管措施不太可能對客戶的投資組合業績產生不利影響。 如果員工一直處於領先地位,一旦停止領先,客戶的投資回報可能會增加。


Q. Which of the following helps to increase economic efficiency?

Unique documentation
Effective dispute resolution system
Requiring dispute resolution in law courts

B是正確的。 有效的爭議解決系統有助於提高經濟效率。 A是不正確的,因爲標準文檔(而不是唯一文檔)表明如何傳輸信息有助於提高經濟效率。 擁有唯一的文檔可能會導致重複和混亂的風險,從而降低經濟效率。 C是不正確的,因爲要求將爭議提交法院會增加成本,從而降低經濟效率。


Q. Which of the following is a consequence of information asymmetries in financial markets?

Strong economic growth.
Fair and orderly markets.
Investors are deterred from investing.

C是正確的。 信息不對稱(可用信息的差異)會阻止投資者進行投資。 A是不正確的,因爲當投資者認爲金融市場不公平時,經濟增長會變慢。 B是不正確的,因爲信息不對稱會導致某些市場參與者具有不公平的優勢,從而無法促進公平有序的市場。


Q. It is often difficult to convict a portfolio manager for manipulating share prices because it is difficult to prove or determine the:

profits made as a result of the manipulation.
intent on the part of the market manipulator.
ownership of the assets used to manipulate the market.

B是正確的。 通常很難直接就某人進行濫用交易行爲(例如市場操縱)定罪,因爲很難證明所指控的操縱者有意圖。 A是不正確的,通常很難直接證明發生了市場操縱,因爲很難證明所指控操縱者的意圖。 C是不正確的,通常很難直接證明發生了市場操縱,因爲很難證明所指控操縱者的意圖。


Q. When a regulator wants to clarify a new regulation for the benefit of market players, it may publish:

staff interpretations.
additional regulations.
a report showing market acceptance.

A是正確的。 實施新法規後,監管機構通常會發布準則,常見問題解答(FAQ)和/或員工解釋,以幫助市場參與者瞭解他們在滿足新要求方面的義務。 B不正確。 監管機構通常不會引入其他法規來澄清法規。 C不正確。 市場接受度的證據無助於澄清新規定。


Q. An alternate dispute resolution process involving a regulator often uses the expertise of:

a court of law.
an ombudsman.
another regulator.

B是正確的。 替代性糾紛解決程序通常使用第三方,例如法庭,調解員,仲裁員或監察員,以幫助當事方解決糾紛。 A不正確。 替代性糾紛解決程序通常使用第三方,例如法庭,調解員,仲裁員或監察員來幫助當事方解決糾紛。 仲裁過程中不使用法院-整個目的是避免訴諸法院以降低成本並縮短解決期限。 C不正確。 替代性糾紛解決程序通常使用第三方,例如法庭,調解員,仲裁員或監察員來幫助當事方解決糾紛。


Q. A regulation that requires investment banks to provide private equity investors with all material information pertaining to raising capital for an investment company would most likely be classified as:

merit based.
disclosure based.
principles based.

B是正確的。 基於披露的法規旨在確保僅投資者獲得了與投資有關的所有必需的重大披露。 A不正確。 基於績效的監管者試圖通過限制投資者可獲得的投資產品來保護他們。 C不正確。 在基於原則的環境中,監管機構制定了董事會原則,期望該行業能夠在其中運作。


Q. The supervision of an employee begins:

before the employee is hired.
at the time the employee is hired.
when the employee violates corporate policy.

A是正確的。 公司有責任在僱用該僱員之前確定該僱員是否具備足夠的資格和良好品格。 B不正確。 公司有責任在聘用前而不是在聘用後確定準僱員是否具有足夠的資格和良好品格。 C不正確。 公司有責任在僱用新員工之前確定其是否具備適當的資格和良好品格,而不是在他們違反公司政策時確定。


Q. An employee compensation plan with a potentially negative impact on a firm’s reputation is a compensation scheme based on:

sales levels.
quality of work.
time spent at work.

A是正確的。 基於銷售水平的員工薪酬方案如果沒有嚴格的監督,可能會導致員工根據所賺取的佣金水平向客戶出售不合適的產品。 如果沒有監督控制來限制這種可能性,那麼公司的聲譽就會受到損害。 B不正確。 基於工作質量的補償方案不太可能損害僱主的聲譽。 C不正確。 如果在工作期間進行的工作被認爲可以接受,則基於在辦公室花費的時間的補償方案可能不會損害僱主的聲譽。


Q. To facilitate healthy securities markets, regulators seek to:

eliminate risk.
avoid duplication.
encourage unfair advantage.

B是正確的。 法規可以避免重複和混亂,從而有助於提高經濟效率。 A不正確。 監管機構旨在減少而不是消除風險。 C不正確。 監管者試圖維持“公平有序”的市場,在這種市場中沒有任何參與者具有不公平的優勢。


Q. Despite a perceived need based on public outcry, a regulator might not implement a new regulation because the costs of implementing and monitoring the new regulation outweigh the benefit. This lack of implementation reflects a typical regulatory process step called:

analysis.
perceived need.
public consultation.

A是正確的。 在典型監管過程的分析步驟中,監管者將考慮實施新法規的成本效益分析。 如果成本大於收益,儘管有任何需要,監管機構仍可以選擇不實施任何新法規。 B不正確。 典型監管流程中的“感知需求”步驟可能會導致制定法規。 但是只有在進一步分析後才能執行。 C不正確。 當確定收益大於成本時,通常在分析步驟之後進行公衆諮詢。 在這一點上,尋求公衆輿論對新法規的預期實施提出建議和意見。


Q. The purpose of public consultation before implementation of a new regulation is to ensure that the:

public is in favour.
final outcome is improved.
affected parties are aware.

B是正確的。 監管機構通常會與可能會受到新法規實施影響的各方進行磋商。 這樣做可以確保討論諸如成本,收益和替代方案之類的問題,以提高最終規則的質量。 A不正確。 新法規不是在公衆的支持下實施的,而是爲了提高市場的完整性。 通常,服務提供商不贊成新法規,因爲這會增加業務成本。 C不正確。 監管機構可以執行新法規,而無需與受影響的各方聯繫。 行業參與者有責任及時瞭解新法規。


Q. A good regulatory process has procedures in place to ensure that regulations are:

stable over time.
reviewed annually.
changed when needed.

C是正確的。 有效的監管流程將在需要時審查法規並對其進行更改,以確保其有效性。 “何時需要”的示例包括引入新產品或技術變化。 A不正確。 隨着新產品和技術等的引入,將需要做出改變,以確保保護市場的完整性。 B不正確。 引入新產品和/或技術時需要進行更改。 年度審查可能會導致監管方面的差距,導致市場受到濫用。


Q. When using an alternative dispute resolution mechanism, parties typically will resolve the dispute through:

a court of law.
an impartial third party.
the parties’ compliance officers.

B是正確的。 爭端解決機制通常使用第三方,例如法庭,仲裁員,調解員或監察員。 A不正確。 爭端解決機制通常使用第三方,例如法庭,仲裁員,調解員或監察員。 C不正確。 爭端解決機制通常使用第三方,例如法庭,仲裁員,調解員或監察員。


Q. Gatekeeping rules are designed, in part, to:

dictate how firms operate.
ensure firms have sufficient capital.
determine the integrity of personnel.

C是正確的。 看門規則的設計部分是爲了確定誰可以在行業內運作。 因此,要求人員滿足某些最低要求,以確保他們達到能力和誠信標準。 A不正確。 確定公司如何運作是制定業務規則的一個例子。 B不正確。 最低的充足資本要求是制定運營規則的一個示例。


Q. Operational rulemaking–based regulations may restrict firms from:

self-dealing.
making false advertising claims.
mixing client assets with firm assets.

C是正確的。 運營規則制定通常涉及確定公司如何處理客戶資產。 公司經常被禁止將客戶的資產與公司的資產混爲一談。 A不正確。 限制自我交易是銷售慣例規則的一個示例。 B不正確。 公司如何做廣告的限制是銷售慣例規則的一個例子


Q. Regulations concerning soft money arrangements are designed to ensure that:

firms have access to research.
client interests are given highest priority.
research provided has an adequate basis.

B是正確的。 有關軟貨幣安排的法規旨在確保公司與服務提供商進行交易是爲了客戶的最大利益,而不是公司的最大利益。 A不正確。 軟貨幣法規旨在確保客戶利益優先於公司利益。 C不正確。 軟貨幣法規旨在確保客戶利益優先於公司利益。


Q. One of the expected features of a compliance manual is to:

concentrate only on applicable laws and regulations.
indicate how compliance procedures are implemented and monitored.
act as reference material for supervisors to remove the need for refresher training.

B是正確的。 正確的合規性相關文檔對於向監管機構證明合規性和強制性至關重要。 僅僅證明存在合規政策還不夠。 公司的文件必須包括執行政策和程序的證據。 A不正確。 合規文檔對於提供爲確保遵守公司政策和程序以及法律法規而開展的活動的證據是必要的。 C不正確。 應該進行進修培訓以加強合規性要求,否則公司冒着員工傷害公司的風險。


Q. Which of the following is most likely the first step in a typical regulatory process?

Public consultation
Compliance monitoring
Perceived need identification

C是正確的。 在典型的監管流程中,第一步是確定感知到的需求。 預期的監管需求可以在預期需求或針對當前情況時主動採取。 A是不正確的,因爲公衆諮詢是監管步驟的一部分,但它是在確定需求,確定法律權限和分析之後進行的。 B是不正確的,因爲在實施法規之後會進行合規性監視。


Q. Insider trading is best defined as:

trading for internal company accounts before placing a customer’s order.
trading based on material, non-public information that is likely to affect prices.
taking actions intended to move the price of a security to generate a short- term profit.

B是正確的。 內幕交易是基於重大的非公開信息進行的交易。 A是不正確的,因爲在下達客戶訂單之前進行公司內部帳戶的交易是搶先一步。 C是不正確的,因爲採取旨在改變股票價格以產生短期利潤的動作是市場操縱。


Q. Sales Practice Rules may be implemented by regulators to control:

net capital.
advertising content.
market transparency.

B是正確的。 銷售實踐規則可以涵蓋公司如何宣傳其服務和產品,並可以限制銷售佣金的範圍,以確保公司不利用客戶。 A是不正確的,因爲對淨資本的控制是操作規則,而不是銷售慣例規則。 C是不正確的,因爲市場透明度規則是披露的一部分,而不是銷售慣例規則。


Q. Why would a company agree to pay a regulatory fine despite not being guilty of any regulatory violation?

The cost of defending their innocence is considered to be minimal.
The reputational risk is felt to be too great if mistakenly found guilty.
The time needed to defend their case is too disruptive to their business.

C是正確的。 在時間和金錢上,爲法院辯護指稱的違反法規的行爲可能是昂貴的。 因此,這可能會對企業造成破壞。 但是,對於同意支付罰款的公司來說,聲譽風險也可能很高。 B是不正確的,因爲對於同意支付罰款的公司來說,聲譽風險也可能很高。 A是不正確的,因爲在法庭上抗辯所謂的違反監管規定的成本可能很高。


Q. Who is responsible for ensuring compliance with regulations by financial market participants?

Regulators
Financial market participants
Both regulators and financial market participants

C是正確的。 監管機構將在其監督下對公司和個人進行監控,以確保其合規性。 此外,公司還將監視其流程,程序和員工,以確保它們遵守適用的法規,以免失去失去經營能力的危險。 A是不正確的,因爲公司還將監視其流程,程序和員工,以確保他們遵守適用的法規,以確保他們不會失去失去經營能力的危險。 B是不正確的,因爲監管機構將在其監督下監視公司和個人,以確保其合規


Q. In order to efficiently resolve a dispute between a broker and its customers, a regulator should depend on:

legislative action.
an arbitration process.
a regular court system.

B是正確的。 通過常規法律法院系統進行的爭端解決可以由很少或沒有金融知識的法官裁決,從而金融專家可能會進行仲裁程序,從而導致更公正,更快速的解決,從而改善市場的誠信聲譽並促進 經濟效率。


Q. A financial advisory firm that implements internal policies regarding information barriers, suitability standards, and restrictions on self-dealing is most likely addressing issues related to which of the following types of regulation?

Trading rules
Disclosure rules
Sales practice rules

C是正確的。 銷售實踐規則解決了服務提供商在其客戶決策中有財務利益而引起的可能的利益衝突。 旨在創建信息壁壘,適用性標準和自我交易限制的政策都是爲了管理此類潛在的利益衝突而設計的。


Q. Unlike ethical principles and professional standards, regulations are most likely established and enforced by:

employers.
government bodies.
private institutions.

B是正確的。 法規由政府機構和政府機構授權的其他實體制定和執行。 A不正確。 法規由政府機構制定和執行。 C不正確。 法規由政府機構制定和執行。


Q. Best practice dictates that employees of a financial services firm should most likely undertake training on corporate policies and procedures:

on a continuous basis.
only at the time of joining the firm.
only when new policies are created.

A是正確的。 儘管應在加入公司時和新政策制定時對員工進行培訓,但員工也應接受持續的培訓以加強遵守公司政策和程序的重要性。 在僱用之時和制定新政策時進行培訓不足以確保所有員工都瞭解其合規要求。


Q. To help prevent money laundering, regulators typically require a financial services firm to collect the following items from their clients:

soft dollar arrangements with brokers.
copies of birth records for a client’s children.
proof that income taxes have been paid on dividend income.

C是正確的。 從客戶那裏收集的有助於防止洗錢的信息通常包括對已付股息等投資收入的證明稅。 A是不正確的,因爲有關交易規則的法規可能會要求這樣做。 B是錯誤的,因爲從客戶那裏收集的有助於防止洗錢的信息通常會包含某種形式的客戶身份證明,而不是客戶的子女身份


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