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***********************************************聲明************************************************
原創作品，出自 “深藍的blog” 博客，歡迎轉載，轉載時請務必註明出處（http://blog.csdn.net/huangyanlong）。
表述有錯誤之處，請您留言或郵件（[email protected]）指明，不勝感激。
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Linux硬盤分區（一）：添加
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過程簡述*************************
*************************--添加磁盤 # fdisk -l --查看磁盤情況 # fdisk /dev/sdb --爲/dev/sdb設備分區 n --添加分區 p/e --主分區/邏輯分區 w --保存退出 # mkdir /data --創建掛載目錄 # mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb --格式化磁盤爲ext3文件系統 # fdisk -l --再次查看磁盤情況 # mount /dev/sdb /data --掛載磁盤到創建的掛載目錄下 # vi /etc/fstab --修改啓動自動掛載項 /dev/sdb /data ext3 defaults 0 0
說明
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1、以上操作爲精煉總結，若如可以看懂，下面內容無需瀏覽；
2、以下簡單列舉兩例，細化操作過程。
*****************************************************************************************************舉例1：添加1塊90G磁盤，將其分爲1個分區
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查看磁盤情況
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*************************[root@hyldb /]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 128.8 GB, 128849018880 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 15665 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 64 514048+ 83 Linux /dev/sda2 65 586 4192965 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 587 15665 121122067+ 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdb: 96.6 GB, 96636764160 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 11748 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table
磁盤分區
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*************************[root@hyldb /]# fdisk /dev/sdb Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 11748. There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024, and could in certain setups cause problems with: 1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO) 2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK) Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) Command (m for help): m --輸入m查看幫助：指令提示 Command action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only) Command (m for help): n --添加新分區 Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p --輸入p添加主分區 Partition number (1-4): 1 --填寫分區號 First cylinder (1-11748, default 1): Using default value 1 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-11748, default 11748): Using default value 11748 Command (m for help): p --打印分區列表 Disk /dev/sdb: 96.6 GB, 96636764160 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 11748 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 11748 94365778+ 83 Linux Command (m for help): w --保存退出 The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.
創建掛載目錄
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*************************[root@hyldb /]# mkdir /data
格式化磁盤
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*************************[root@hyldb /]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb --格式化sdb1，格式成ext3格式文件系統 mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006) /dev/sdb is entire device, not just one partition! Proceed anyway? (y,n) y Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) 11796480 inodes, 23592960 blocks 1179648 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296 720 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 16384 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 33 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. [root@hyldb /]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 128.8 GB, 128849018880 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 15665 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 64 514048+ 83 Linux /dev/sda2 65 586 4192965 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 587 15665 121122067+ 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdb: 96.6 GB, 96636764160 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 11748 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table
掛載磁盤到指定路徑下
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*************************[root@hyldb /]# mount /dev/sdb /data [root@hyldb /]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 112G 4.3G 102G 5% / /dev/sda1 487M 17M 445M 4% /boot tmpfs 1006M 0 1006M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sdb 89G 184M 84G 1% /data
修改啓動磁盤自動掛載
*************************[root@xckydb ~]# vi /etc/fstab LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults 1 1 LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 LABEL=SWAP-sda2 swap swap defaults 0 0 /dev/sdb /data ext3 defaults 0 0 ~ ~ "/etc/fstab" 8L, 608C written --格式說明 /dev/sdb1 /u01 ext3 defaults 0 0 要掛載的對象 掛載的目錄 系統類型 文件系統訪問權限 開機後是否檢測 出問題後是否轉儲
*****************************************************************************************************舉例2：
1、添加1塊10G磁盤；
2、將其分爲六個分區；
3、三個主分區分別爲2G；
4、剩餘空間分爲擴展分區，具體分爲兩個邏輯分區分別爲1G，剩餘空間單獨分爲一個邏輯分區。
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查看磁盤情況
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*************************[root@hyl ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 9.7G 5.4G 3.9G 59% / /dev/sda3 35G 17G 17G 50% /home tmpfs 1006M 0 1006M 0% /dev/shm [root@hyl ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 53.6 GB, 53687091200 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 1305 10482381 83 Linux /dev/sda2 1306 1827 4192965 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 1828 6527 37752750 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table
爲/dev/sdb設備分區
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*************************[root@hyl ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 1305. There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024, and could in certain setups cause problems with: 1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO) 2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK) Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) Command (m for help): m Command action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only)
創建第一個主分區：大小2G
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*************************Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-1305, default 1): Using default value 1 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-1305, default 1305): +2048M
創建第二個主分區：大小2G
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*************************Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-1305, default 1): Using default value 1 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-1305, default 1305): +2048M Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 2 First cylinder (251-1305, default 251): Using default value 251 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (251-1305, default 1305): +2048M
創建第三個主分區：大小2G
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*************************Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 3 First cylinder (501-1305, default 501): Using default value 501 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (501-1305, default 1305): +2048M
先打印分區列表看一下
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*************************Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 250 2008093+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 251 500 2008125 83 Linux /dev/sdb3 501 750 2008125 83 Linux
創建擴展分區
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*************************Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) e Selected partition 4 First cylinder (751-1305, default 751): Using default value 751 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (751-1305, default 1305): Using default value 1305
創建第一個邏輯分區：大小1G
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*************************Command (m for help): n First cylinder (751-1305, default 751): Using default value 751 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (751-1305, default 1305): +1024M
創建第二個邏輯分區：大小1G
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*************************Command (m for help): n First cylinder (876-1305, default 876): Using default value 876 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (876-1305, default 1305): +1024M
剩餘容量創建最後一個邏輯分區
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*************************Command (m for help): n First cylinder (1001-1305, default 1001): Using default value 1001 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1001-1305, default 1305): Using default value 1305
打印分區列表
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*************************Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 250 2008093+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 251 500 2008125 83 Linux /dev/sdb3 501 750 2008125 83 Linux /dev/sdb4 751 1305 4458037+ 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 751 875 1004031 83 Linux /dev/sdb6 876 1000 1004031 83 Linux /dev/sdb7 1001 1305 2449881 83 Linux
保存退出
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*************************Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.
查看磁盤劃分
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*************************[root@hyl ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 53.6 GB, 53687091200 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 1305 10482381 83 Linux /dev/sda2 1306 1827 4192965 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 1828 6527 37752750 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 250 2008093+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 251 500 2008125 83 Linux /dev/sdb3 501 750 2008125 83 Linux /dev/sdb4 751 1305 4458037+ 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 751 875 1004031 83 Linux /dev/sdb6 876 1000 1004031 83 Linux /dev/sdb7 1001 1305 2449881 83 Linux --由此可以看出，sdb1、sdb2、sdb3爲主分區，sdb5、sdb6、sdb7爲邏輯分區
舉例：將sdb1格式化爲ext3文件系統
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*************************[root@hyl ~]# cd / [root@hyl /]# mkdir data1 [root@hyl /]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1 mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) 251392 inodes, 502023 blocks 25101 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=515899392 16 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 15712 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (8192 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 28 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
舉例：爲sdb1設置開機自動掛載*************************
[root@hyl /]# vi /etc/fstab --設置開機自動掛載 LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults 1 1 LABEL=/home /home ext3 defaults 1 2 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 LABEL=SWAP-sda2 swap swap defaults 0 0 /dev/sdb1 /data1 ext3 defaults 0 0 ~ ~ ~ "/etc/fstab" 8L, 608C written [root@hyl /]# mount /dev/sdb1 /data1 [root@hyl /]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 9.7G 5.4G 3.9G 59% / /dev/sda3 35G 17G 17G 50% /home tmpfs 1006M 0 1006M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sdb1 1.9G 35M 1.8G 2% /data1***********************************************聲明************************************************
原創作品，出自 “深藍的blog” 博客，歡迎轉載，轉載時請務必註明出處（http://blog.csdn.net/huangyanlong）。
表述有錯誤之處，請您留言或郵件（[email protected]）指明，不勝感激。
提醒：點擊目錄，更有助於您的查看。
