在Linux下的lua环境安装问题及简单使用

在ubuntu16.0.4上安装lua 5.3.5，运行命令
make linux
很可能有的朋友的终端中出现以下错误：
原因是缺少libreadline-dev依赖包，造成找不到readline.h

lua.c:82:31: fatal error: readline/readline.h: No such file or directory

compilation terminated.
: recipe for target ‘lua.o’ failed
make[2]: *** [lua.o] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory ‘/usr/local/lua/lua-5.3.5/src’
Makefile:110: recipe for target ‘linux’ failed
make[1]: *** [linux] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory ‘/usr/local/lua/lua-5.3.5/src’
Makefile:55: recipe for target ‘linux’ failed
make: *** [linux] Error 2

所以以防万一，我们从以下步骤开始：

1，添加libreadline-dev 包
使用命令：
sudo apt-get install libreadline-dev

2，执行命令：
sudo apt-get install libreadline6-dev

3，执行命令：
sudo apt-get install libtinfo-dev
通过以上三个命令解决好上述问题（不管是否有那些问题的电脑，我们都执行一遍，避免后续出现此问题）

//以下步骤需要联网
4，使用此命令curl --help可以了解是否安装curl命令，若没有，执行命令：
sudo apt-get install curl
安装curl

5，下载安装包，执行命令：
curl -R -O http://www.lua.org/ftp/lua-5.3.5.tar.gz

6，解压.tar.gz文件包（自己根据实际情况，选择解压路径）
tar zxf lua-5.3.5.tar.gz

7，进入lua-5.3.5目录，使用命令：
cd lua-5.3.5

8，查看目录中的文件:
ls -l

注：doc和src为目录，Makefile文件内容备注会列出

9，执行“ make”，然后查看您的平台是否已列出。 当前支持的平台是：
aix bsd c89 freebsd generic linux macosx mingw posix solaris

10，通过上述命令，如果列出了您的平台，则只需执行“ make xxx”，其中xxx是您的平台名称。
（我的是Ubuntu系统）所以执行的命令是：
make linux

11,执行上述命令后，可在src目录中生成三个文件：lua（解释器），luac（编译器）和liblua.a（库），进入src目录使用ls -l查看

12，检查lua是否构建好，使用命令：
make test 如果构建好将运行解释器并打印其版本。
13，安装：
make install

14，通过上述命令，lua环境安装好,检查以下环境是否安装好，在终端输入：lua -v检查版本号，若有版本号输出则安装成功

15，写程序：
输入
lua 进入环境，然后输入print(“Hello World!!!”)
终端将打印出:
Hello World!!!

至此环境已搭建好
注：退出环境使用 “CTRL + D”

**备注：**Makefile中的内容（有兴趣的朋友可以分析学习）

Makefile for installing Lua

See doc/readme.html for installation and customization instructions.

== CHANGE THE SETTINGS BELOW TO SUIT YOUR ENVIRONMENT =======================

Your platform. See PLATS for possible values.

PLAT= none

Where to install. The installation starts in the src and doc directories,

so take care if INSTALL_TOP is not an absolute path. See the local target.

You may want to make INSTALL_LMOD and INSTALL_CMOD consistent with

LUA_ROOT, LUA_LDIR, and LUA_CDIR in luaconf.h.

INSTALL_TOP= /usr/local
INSTALL_BIN= $(INSTALL_TOP)/bin
INSTALL_INC= $(INSTALL_TOP)/include
INSTALL_LIB= $(INSTALL_TOP)/lib
INSTALL_MAN= $(INSTALL_TOP)/man/man1
INSTALL_LMOD= $(INSTALL_TOP)/share/lua/$V
INSTALL_CMOD= $(INSTALL_TOP)/lib/lua/$V

How to install. If your install program does not support “-p”, then

you may have to run ranlib on the installed liblua.a.

INSTALL= install -p
INSTALL_EXEC= $(INSTALL) -m 0755
INSTALL_DATA= $(INSTALL) -m 0644

If you don’t have “install” you can use “cp” instead.

INSTALL= cp -p

INSTALL_EXEC= $(INSTALL)

INSTALL_DATA= $(INSTALL)

Other utilities.

MKDIR= mkdir -p
RM= rm -f

== END OF USER SETTINGS – NO NEED TO CHANGE ANYTHING BELOW THIS LINE =======

Convenience platforms targets.

PLATS= aix bsd c89 freebsd generic linux macosx mingw posix solaris

What to install.

TO_BIN= lua luac
TO_INC= lua.h luaconf.h lualib.h lauxlib.h lua.hpp
TO_LIB= liblua.a
TO_MAN= lua.1 luac.1

Lua version and release.

V= 5.3
R= $V.4

Targets start here.

all: $(PLAT)

$(PLATS) clean:
cd src && $(MAKE) $@

test: dummy
src/lua -v

install: dummy
cd src && $(MKDIR) $(INSTALL_BIN) $(INSTALL_INC) $(INSTALL_LIB) $(INSTALL_MAN) $(INSTALL_LMOD) $(INSTALL_CMOD)
cd src && $(INSTALL_EXEC) $(TO_BIN) $(INSTALL_BIN)
cd src && $(INSTALL_DATA) $(TO_INC) $(INSTALL_INC)
cd src && $(INSTALL_DATA) $(TO_LIB) $(INSTALL_LIB)
cd doc && $(INSTALL_DATA) $(TO_MAN) $(INSTALL_MAN)

uninstall:
cd src && cd $(INSTALL_BIN) && $(RM) $(TO_BIN)
cd src && cd $(INSTALL_INC) && $(RM) $(TO_INC)
cd src && cd $(INSTALL_LIB) && $(RM) $(TO_LIB)
cd doc && cd $(INSTALL_MAN) && $(RM) $(TO_MAN)

local:
$(MAKE) install INSTALL_TOP=…/install

none:
@echo “Please do ‘make PLATFORM’ where PLATFORM is one of these:”
@echo " $(PLATS)"
@echo “See doc/readme.html for complete instructions.”

make may get confused with test/ and install/

dummy:

echo config parameters

echo:
@cd src && $(MAKE) -s echo
@echo “PLAT= $(PLAT)”
@echo “V= $V”
@echo “R= $R”
@echo “TO_BIN= $(TO_BIN)”
@echo “TO_INC= $(TO_INC)”
@echo “TO_LIB= $(TO_LIB)”
@echo “TO_MAN= $(TO_MAN)”
@echo “INSTALL_TOP= $(INSTALL_TOP)”
@echo “INSTALL_BIN= $(INSTALL_BIN)”
@echo “INSTALL_INC= $(INSTALL_INC)”
@echo “INSTALL_LIB= $(INSTALL_LIB)”
@echo “INSTALL_MAN= $(INSTALL_MAN)”
@echo “INSTALL_LMOD= $(INSTALL_LMOD)”
@echo “INSTALL_CMOD= $(INSTALL_CMOD)”
@echo “INSTALL_EXEC= $(INSTALL_EXEC)”
@echo “INSTALL_DATA= $(INSTALL_DATA)”

echo pkg-config data

pc:
@echo “version=$R" @echo "prefix=$(INSTALL_TOP)”
@echo “libdir=$(INSTALL_LIB)" @echo "includedir=$(INSTALL_INC)”

list targets that do not create files (but not all makes understand .PHONY)

.PHONY: all $(PLATS) clean test install local none dummy echo pecho lecho

(end of Makefile)