Lean UX 教你设计如何驱动产品

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"上一篇《敏捷+ UX =敏捷 UX》让我意外收到了很多小伙伴的反馈。尤其是很多设计的同学都反馈给我,随着团队的敏捷转型自己感觉越来越容易被取代和边缘化,带来的不适应和焦虑却不能破局而出。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"看了文章开始,慢慢地学会如何融入到敏捷的团队中,也克服了自己接受展示出来的东西都“很丑”或者“半吊子”的完美心态。而自己也越来越有“敏捷的味道”了,期待我还有一些敏捷、精益和设计相结合的文章。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我很欣慰大家能有所收获,成功把握敏捷的核心。尤其在设计这样一个专业领域转型,我能输出一些自己参考性的意见帮到大家。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"那我今天在上次敏捷 UX 的基础上,再跟大家分享一下 Lean UX 另外两大基础。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Lean UX"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"为什么我们要用Lean UX ?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"传统企业我们需要非常详尽的设计,因为我们是有生产环节的,需要实体的销售模式投放市场,这要求设计不能产生半点差错,不然成本会很高。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但是今天的互联网时代,我们不再受制于实体产品的生产流程,可以随时缩短的生产周期要快速适应这瞬息万变的市场,“一次性的完美设计” 已经不在受用,这时 Lean UX 就产生了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"什么是Lean UX?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"使用协作、跨职能合作的方式,不依赖完备的文档,强调让整个团队对真实产品体验达成共识,从而尽快把产品的本质表现出来。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Lean UX 三大基础,敏捷思维、设计流程、协作式设计。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"上篇文章我详细给你介绍了敏捷思维(人和交互重于过程和工具、可以工作的软件 重于求全而完备的文档、客户协作重于合同谈判、 随时应对变化重于遵循计划),这篇我详细给你介绍基于设计思维的流程和协作式设计。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/26/26b50b87f6559d4905c5331c393205dd.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"设计流程"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"以往的开发流程中,UX设计基本上是由需求和交付构成的。而Lean UX 要求设计的工作始终假设(提出假设,验证假设),而不是需求。这也是设计思维的第一步。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"假设是一个项目的起点,阐述了一个明确的远景,帮助团队和管理者把对话的重点从“产出”(增加一个功能)到“成果”(希望提高注册率)。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"假设包含以下要素:"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一. 设想"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"描述设想"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"首先,描述设想是团队活动,所有掌握项目关键知识的领域专家都要参与。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"其次,提前告知所有参与人我们要解决的问题是什么,准备工作包括:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":null,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"现在产品使用情况分析报告;"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"阐明用户行为原因易用性报告;"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":3,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"过去解决问题的方法和经验教训;"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":4,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"利益相关者看法;"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":5,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"展示竞争者如何解决同样问题的竞争者分析报告。"}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"问题陈述"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"问题模版由以下三个部分组成:"}]},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":null,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"产品或者系统的目标;"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"利益相关者希望解决的问题;"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":3,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"对于没有指明具体解决方案,提出明确的改善需求。"}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"为设想排序"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"优先级排序是残酷的。假设的风险越高,我们对它的认识越不足,就越应该优先验证。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这里有个实践是画排序图。圆圈内的设想是我们优先需要验证的,剩下的我们保存起来,适当的时间拿出来验证。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/e4/e43c0bab701bdbae5257210e26e4a289.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"二. 细分假设,明确成果"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"假设优先级排列好了,接下来我们需要对假设进行细分验证。分裂成可验证的子假设,并且对于成果有清晰的描述。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"增加注册数,提高使用率这些笼统的结果在这里需要细化,什么行为导致注册数,使用率的增高和提高?把这些明确的列出来。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"三. 人物型格"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"有了设想,建立了细分的假设,阐明了成果,接下来设计师要做的就是建立人物原型,因为我们所有的假设都需要把用户放在首位,围绕用户来思考。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这里就需要设计思维中很重要的一个实践:移情。移情图在设计流程的起始阶段非常有用,它可以揭示哪些问题需要我们解决,如何解决它们。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/af/af561608761cab3e253942be32b3b572.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"移情图中关键6要素分别为:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":null,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"他看到了什么?即描述客户在他的环境里看到了什么"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"他听到是什么?描述客户环境是如何影响客户"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":3,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"他的真正感觉和想法是什么?设法描述你的客户所想的是什么"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":4,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"他说些什么又做些什么?想象这位客户可能会说些什么或者公开场所的行为"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":5,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这个客户的痛苦是什么?"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":6,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这个客户想得到什么?"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"团队可以通过头脑风暴的方式列出所有目标客户,之后选定3~4个有差异的客户,分门别类到之前的假设之中,接下来开始考虑策略、功能、产品和服务来验证你的假设。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"以上Lean UX 基于设计思维的设计流程,可以帮你从无尽的细节中解放出来,为现有问题寻求解决方案。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"从设想开始,转化成可以验证的假设,同时把你的受众全部包括进去,这样得出的假设就可以成为你下一环节——协作式设计的基础了。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"协作式设计"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"想要团队达成共识最有效的方法就是协作。在敏捷团队中你会看见,大部分工作都是同时进行,交接很少。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"你会发现当每个人都参与到设计用户体验时,当团队把对话作为最好的工具时,你会发现\"认知盈余\"的力量有多么的强大。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"当然为了保证结果的有效,协作式设计仍然应由设计师主导,而协作设计的产物一般是低保真的草图和线框图。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"下面我会从两种实践来说明如何协作式设计。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一. 设计工作室"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在设计流程中,我跟你分享了如何从设想开始建立假设的方法论,我也在一开始跟你说了这是个团队参与的共同活动,但是如何有效的在团队中开展,达成共识呢?这就需要设计工作室这一实践。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"设计工作室开展工作的步骤:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"明确问题时限制条件(15-45分钟)"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"每个人独立思考解决方案(发散,10分钟)"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"解决方案展示以及评论(每人3分钟)"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"迭代并改善(呈现,5-15分钟)"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"团队一起思考解决方案(收敛,45分钟)"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"最终,设计工作室的产物是低保真的线框图、原型、早期基本代码。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"二. 风格指南"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"风格指南可以让协作设计更容易,让团队更加高效。只要是用户体验的部分,都可以加入到风格指南之中。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/4b/4b46f93f1a85f02a90e12825ef3f8ede.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"制作的方法:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":null,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一蹴而就法"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"水滴石穿法"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"成功的风格指南特征:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"容易获取、持续改善(活用式文档)、易于采用"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"制作的步骤:"}]},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":null,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"制作目录"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"添加素材"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"协作式设计是UX的演变发展。这种\"外包式\"的设计流程提高了整个团队的投入度。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外,设计工作室使用的低保真草图也让大家发散思维,尽量多产生想法,形成一个全员一致认可的共识。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"总结"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Lean UX 是产品设计自然演变的产物。它结合了最佳互动设计实践和科学方法论。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"它融合了精益创业法、敏捷软件开发方法以及设计思维的理念,提出了产品设计中自大的成分和不确定因素。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我希望这两篇文章从部分方法到理念能切实的帮助到你和团队的转型。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}
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