一、源代碼編譯概述：
1.使用源代碼安裝軟件的優點
獲得最新的軟件版本，及時修復bug
根據用戶需要，靈活定製軟件功能
2.應用場合舉例
安裝較新版本的應用程序時
自由軟件的最新版本大都以源碼的形式最先發布
當前安裝的程序無法滿足需要時
編譯安裝可由用戶自行修改、定製功能
需要爲應用程序添加新的功能時
用戶可以重新配置、自由修改源代碼，加入新的功能
3.Tarball 封包
.tar.gz 和 .tar.bz2 格式居多
4.完整性校驗
使用md5sum校驗工具
計算MD5校驗和，並與官方提供的值相比較，判斷是否一致
[root@localhost ~]# md5sum httpd-2.4.25.tar.gz
24fb8b9e36cf131d78caae864fea0f6a httpd-2.4.25.tar.gz
5.確認源代碼編譯環境需安裝支持 C/C++程序語言的編譯器，如：
[root@localhost ~]# gcc --version
gcc (GCC) 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39)
Copyright (C) 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
[root@localhost ~]# make --version
GNU Make 3.82
Built for x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu
6.編譯安裝的基本過程
步驟1.解包
習慣上將軟件包釋放到 /usr/src/ 目錄（-C指定目錄）
解包後的源代碼文件位置：/usr/src/軟件名-版本號/
[root@localhost ~]# tar -zxvf httpd-2.4.25.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
步驟2.配置
使用源碼目錄中的 configure 腳本
執行“./configure --help” 可以查看幫助
典型的配置選項：
--prefix=軟件安裝目錄
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache
步驟3.編譯（-j指定邏輯CPU個數，加快編譯速度。默認只有1個CPU處理）
執行make命令
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]# make -j 4
步驟4.安裝
執行make install 命令（在命令前面添加time，可以查看安裝時間，可選項）
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]# time make install
二、案例（apache編譯安裝）
1、下載軟件包（http://archive.apache.org/dist/httpd/）
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens32
ens32: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.14.13 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.14.255
[root@localhost ~]# wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/httpd/httpd-2.4.25.tar.gz
2、完整性檢驗，因爲這裏下載的是gz包，所以打開對應的MD5
查看下載到本地的MD5值
[root@localhost ~]# md5sum httpd-2.4.25.tar.gz
24fb8b9e36cf131d78caae864fea0f6a httpd-2.4.25.tar.gz
3、解壓到指定目錄
[root@localhost ~]# tar -zxvf httpd-2.4.25.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
4、切換到解壓目錄
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/httpd-2.4.25/
5、執行./configure指定安裝目錄，選擇安裝模塊並且排錯，安裝所依賴的包。
1）源碼編譯使用gcc，所以先安裝gcc
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]# yum install -y gcc
2）./configure --prefix=安裝目錄自定義，可以不存在，會自動創建。後面可選項根據需求更改。
第一次編譯：提示APR
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]# ./configure --prefix=/apps/httpd24 --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --enable-ssl --enable-so
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /usr/bin/grep
checking for egrep... /usr/bin/grep -E
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library...
configure:
checking for APR... no
configure: error: APR not found. Please read the documentation.
查看yum包裏面的有關apr的，一般編譯缺少的包，都是提示名字加上devel開發包，比如：apr-devel
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]# yum search apr
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.163.com
* extras: mirrors.163.com
* updates: mirrors.163.com
===================================================================================== N/S matched: apr ======================================================================================
apr-devel.i686 : APR library development kit
apr-devel.x86_64 : APR library development kit
apr-util-devel.i686 : APR utility library development kit
apr-util-devel.x86_64 : APR utility library development kit
apr-util-ldap.x86_64 : APR utility library LDAP support
apr-util-mysql.x86_64 : APR utility library MySQL DBD driver
apr-util-nss.x86_64 : APR utility library NSS crytpo support
apr-util-odbc.x86_64 : APR utility library ODBC DBD driver
apr-util-openssl.x86_64 : APR utility library OpenSSL crytpo support
apr-util-pgsql.x86_64 : APR utility library PostgreSQL DBD driver
apr-util-sqlite.x86_64 : APR utility library SQLite DBD driver
pcp-pmda-haproxy.x86_64 : Performance Co-Pilot (PCP) metrics for HAProxy
apr.i686 : Apache Portable Runtime library
apr.x86_64 : Apache Portable Runtime library
apr-util.i686 : Apache Portable Runtime Utility library
apr-util.x86_64 : Apache Portable Runtime Utility library
haproxy.x86_64 : TCP/HTTP proxy and load balancer for high availability environments
安裝：apr-devel
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]# yum install -y apr-devel
3）第二次編譯：提示APR-util
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]# ./configure --prefix=/apps/httpd24 --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --enable-ssl --enable-so
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /usr/bin/grep
checking for egrep... /usr/bin/grep -E
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library...
configure:
checking for APR... yes
setting CC to "gcc"
setting CPP to "gcc -E"
setting CFLAGS to " -pthread"
setting CPPFLAGS to " -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE"
setting LDFLAGS to " "
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime Utility library...
configure:
checking for APR-util... no
configure: error: APR-util not found. Please read the documentation.
按照上面操作，先查看是否有關apr-util-devel包
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]# yum search apr-util
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.163.com
* extras: mirrors.163.com
* updates: mirrors.163.com
=================================================================================== N/S matched: apr-util ===================================================================================
apr-util.i686 : Apache Portable Runtime Utility library
apr-util.x86_64 : Apache Portable Runtime Utility library
apr-util-devel.i686 : APR utility library development kit
apr-util-devel.x86_64 : APR utility library development kit
apr-util-ldap.x86_64 : APR utility library LDAP support
apr-util-mysql.x86_64 : APR utility library MySQL DBD driver
apr-util-nss.x86_64 : APR utility library NSS crytpo support
apr-util-odbc.x86_64 : APR utility library ODBC DBD driver
apr-util-openssl.x86_64 : APR utility library OpenSSL crytpo support
apr-util-pgsql.x86_64 : APR utility library PostgreSQL DBD driver
apr-util-sqlite.x86_64 : APR utility library SQLite DBD driver
安裝：apr-util-devel
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]# yum install -y apr-util-devel
4）第三次編譯：提示PCRE
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]# ./configure --prefix=/apps/httpd24 --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --enable-ssl --enable-so
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /usr/bin/grep
checking for egrep... /usr/bin/grep -E
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library...
configure:
checking for APR... yes
setting CC to "gcc"
setting CPP to "gcc -E"
setting CFLAGS to " -pthread"
setting CPPFLAGS to " -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE"
setting LDFLAGS to " "
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime Utility library...
configure:
checking for APR-util... yes
checking for gcc... gcc
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables...
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
checking how to run the C preprocessor... gcc -E
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C99... -std=gnu99
checking for pcre-config... false
configure: error: pcre-config for libpcre not found. PCRE is required and available from http://pcre.org/
查詢
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]# yum search pcre
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.163.com
* extras: mirrors.163.com
* updates: mirrors.163.com
===================================================================================== N/S matched: pcre =====================================================================================
pcre-devel.i686 : Development files for pcre
pcre-devel.x86_64 : Development files for pcre
pcre-static.i686 : Static library for pcre
pcre-static.x86_64 : Static library for pcre
pcre-tools.x86_64 : Auxiliary utilities for pcre
pcre2-devel.i686 : Development files for pcre2
pcre2-devel.x86_64 : Development files for pcre2
pcre2-static.i686 : Static library for pcre2
pcre2-static.x86_64 : Static library for pcre2
pcre2-tools.x86_64 : Auxiliary utilities for pcre2
pcre2-utf16.i686 : UTF-16 variant of PCRE2
pcre2-utf16.x86_64 : UTF-16 variant of PCRE2
pcre2-utf32.i686 : UTF-32 variant of PCRE2
pcre2-utf32.x86_64 : UTF-32 variant of PCRE2
pcre.i686 : Perl-compatible regular expression library
pcre.x86_64 : Perl-compatible regular expression library
pcre2.i686 : Perl-compatible regular expression library
pcre2.x86_64 : Perl-compatible regular expression library
安裝：pcre-devel
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]# yum install -y pcre-devel
5）第四次編譯：提示OpenSSL version is too old
編譯顯示過長，只截取錯誤提示
checking for OpenSSL... checking for user-provided OpenSSL base directory... none
checking for OpenSSL version >= 0.9.8a... FAILED
configure: WARNING: OpenSSL version is too old
no
checking whether to enable mod_ssl... configure: error: mod_ssl has been requested but can not be built due to prerequisite failures
查詢
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]# yum search openssl
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.163.com
* extras: mirrors.163.com
* updates: mirrors.163.com
=================================================================================== N/S matched: openssl ====================================================================================
apr-util-openssl.x86_64 : APR utility library OpenSSL crytpo support
openssl-devel.i686 : Files for development of applications which will use OpenSSL
openssl-devel.x86_64 : Files for development of applications which will use OpenSSL
openssl-perl.x86_64 : Perl scripts provided with OpenSSL
openssl-static.i686 : Libraries for static linking of applications which will use OpenSSL
openssl-static.x86_64 : Libraries for static linking of applications which will use OpenSSL
perl-Crypt-OpenSSL-Bignum.x86_64 : Perl interface to OpenSSL for Bignum
perl-Crypt-OpenSSL-RSA.x86_64 : Perl interface to OpenSSL for RSA
perl-Crypt-OpenSSL-Random.x86_64 : Perl interface to OpenSSL for Random
pyOpenSSL.x86_64 : Python wrapper module around the OpenSSL library
pyOpenSSL-doc.noarch : Documentation for pyOpenSSL
xmlsec1-openssl.i686 : OpenSSL crypto plugin for XML Security Library
xmlsec1-openssl.x86_64 : OpenSSL crypto plugin for XML Security Library
xmlsec1-openssl-devel.i686 : OpenSSL crypto plugin for XML Security Library
xmlsec1-openssl-devel.x86_64 : OpenSSL crypto plugin for XML Security Library
m2crypto.x86_64 : Support for using OpenSSL in python scripts
nss_compat_ossl.i686 : Source-level compatibility library for OpenSSL to NSS porting
nss_compat_ossl.x86_64 : Source-level compatibility library for OpenSSL to NSS porting
openssl.x86_64 : Utilities from the general purpose cryptography library with TLS implementation
openssl-libs.x86_64 : A general purpose cryptography library with TLS implementation
openssl-libs.i686 : A general purpose cryptography library with TLS implementation
openssl098e.i686 : A compatibility version of a general cryptography and TLS library
openssl098e.x86_64 : A compatibility version of a general cryptography and TLS library
perl-Crypt-SSLeay.x86_64 : Crypt::SSLeay - OpenSSL glue that provides LWP https support
perl-Net-SSLeay.x86_64 : Perl extension for using OpenSSL
qca-ossl.i686 : OpenSSL plugin for the Qt Cryptographic Architecture v2
qca-ossl.x86_64 : OpenSSL plugin for the Qt Cryptographic Architecture v2
安裝：
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]# yum install -y openssl-devel
6）第五次編譯終於成功（如果按照以上操作有問題，可以刪除解壓包，因爲相關的依賴包已經安裝完成。重新解壓軟件包編譯即可）
config.status: executing default commands
configure: summary of build options:
Server Version: 2.4.25
Install prefix: /apps/httpd24
C compiler: gcc -std=gnu99
CFLAGS: -pthread
LDFLAGS:
LIBS:
CPPFLAGS: -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE
C preprocessor: gcc -E
6、由此可見，編譯成功需要的軟件包：gcc apr-devel arp-util-devel pcre-devel openssl-devel
7、make
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]# make -j 4
8、make install（可以查看到創建了相關目錄）
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]# make install
...
...
Installing configuration files
mkdir /etc/httpd #配置目錄
mkdir /etc/httpd/extra
mkdir /etc/httpd/original
mkdir /etc/httpd/original/extra
Installing HTML documents
mkdir /apps/httpd24/htdocs #頁面目錄
Installing error documents
mkdir /apps/httpd24/error
Installing icons
mkdir /apps/httpd24/icons
mkdir /apps/httpd24/logs
Installing CGIs
mkdir /apps/httpd24/cgi-bin
Installing header files
mkdir /apps/httpd24/include
Installing build system files
mkdir /apps/httpd24/build
Installing man pages and online manual
mkdir /apps/httpd24/man
mkdir /apps/httpd24/man/man1
mkdir /apps/httpd24/man/man8
mkdir /apps/httpd24/manual
make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/httpd-2.4.25'
9、關閉防火牆和selinux
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]# sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
10、啓動apache服務（如何不知道如何啓動，可以查看）
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]# more INSTALL
APACHE INSTALLATION OVERVIEW
Quick Start - Unix
------------------
For complete installation documentation, see [ht]docs/manual/install.html or
http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/install.html
$ ./configure --prefix=PREFIX
$ make
$ make install
$ PREFIX/bin/apachectl start #用戶指定安裝目錄（apps/httpd24）/bin/apachectl start
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]# cd /apps/httpd24/bin/
[root@localhost bin]# ./apachectl start
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
[root@localhost bin]# ss -ntlp
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* users:(("sshd",pid=5066,fd=3))
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* users:(("master",pid=5558,fd=13))
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::* users:(("httpd",pid=17249,fd=4),("httpd",pid=17248,fd=4),("httpd",pid=17247,fd=4),("httpd",pid=17246,fd=4))
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* users:(("sshd",pid=5066,fd=4))
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::* users:(("master",pid=5558,fd=14))
11、在其他主機訪問成功
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.14.13
<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
三、腳本安裝
1、最好先下載httpd-2.4.25.tar放到/root目錄下（因爲腳本就在/root目錄下，安裝包放到跟腳本同一個目錄），這樣執行腳本過程中不需要重新下載，節省時間
[root@localhost ~]# cat http.sh
#!/bin/bash
sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config #關閉selinux
systemctl stop firewalld #關閉防火牆
systemctl disable firewalld #開機不啓動
cpu=`cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "processor"| wc -l` #獲取主機邏輯CPU個數
prefix=/apps/httpd24 #httpd安裝目錄
sysconfdir=/etc/httpd #httpd配置文件目錄
yum install -y gcc apr-devel apr-util-devel pcre-devel openssl-devel wget
ls | grep httpd-2.4.25.tar.gz
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
echo "-----------------------------------------------------------------------"
echo "-----------------------------------------------------------------------"
echo "the httpd is exist" #提升安裝包已經存在
echo "-----------------------------------------------------------------------"
echo "-----------------------------------------------------------------------"
sleep 30
tar -zxvf httpd-2.4.25.tar.gz -C /tmp/
cd /tmp/httpd-2.4.25/
./configure --prefix=$prefix --sysconfdir=$sysconfdir --enable-ssl --enable-so
make -j $cpu
make install
echo "-----------------------------------------------------------------------"
echo "-----------------------------------------------------------------------"
echo "the httpd is start" #啓動服務提示
echo "-----------------------------------------------------------------------"
echo "-----------------------------------------------------------------------"
sleep 30
$prefix/bin/apachectl start
else
wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/httpd/httpd-2.4.25.tar.gz
tar -zxvf httpd-2.4.25.tar.gz -C /tmp/
cd /tmp/httpd-2.4.25/
./configure --prefix=$prefix --sysconfdir=$sysconfdir --enable-ssl --enable-so
make -j $cpu
make install
echo "-----------------------------------------------------------------------"
echo "-----------------------------------------------------------------------"
echo "the httpd is start" #啓動服務提示
echo "-----------------------------------------------------------------------"
echo "-----------------------------------------------------------------------"
sleep 30
$prefix/bin/apachectl start
fi
四、遠程服務器腳本安裝httpd
（其他主機調用腳本服務器裏面的腳本，直接執行安裝）
服務器端（192.168.14.13），把腳本放到htdocs目錄下
[root@http-server htdocs]# pwd
/apps/httpd24/htdocs
[root@http-server htdocs]# ll
total 8
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1610 Sep 24 04:18 http.sh
-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 45 Jun 11 2007 index.html
客戶端：
1、客戶端IP
[root@localhost ~]# ip add
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:08:01:5d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.14.40/24 brd 192.168.14.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic ens32
valid_lft 3117sec preferred_lft 3117sec
inet6 fe80::c241:11e3:176d:aca4/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2、cur http://192.168.14.13/http.sh查看
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.14.13/http.sh
#!/bin/bash
sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
systemctl stop firewalld
cpu=`cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "processor"| wc -l`
prefix=/apps/httpd24
sysconfdir=/etc/httpd
yum install -y gcc apr-devel apr-util-devel pcre-devel openssl-devel wget
ls | grep httpd-2.4.25.tar.gz
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
echo "-----------------------------------------------------------------------"
echo "-----------------------------------------------------------------------"
echo "the httpd is exist"
echo "-----------------------------------------------------------------------"
echo "-----------------------------------------------------------------------"
sleep 30
tar -zxvf httpd-2.4.25.tar.gz -C /tmp/
cd /tmp/httpd-2.4.25/
./configure --prefix=$prefix --sysconfdir=$sysconfdir --enable-ssl --enable-so
make -j $cpu
make install
echo "-----------------------------------------------------------------------"
echo "-----------------------------------------------------------------------"
echo "the httpd is start"
echo "-----------------------------------------------------------------------"
echo "-----------------------------------------------------------------------"
sleep 30
$prefix/bin/apachectl start
else
wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/httpd/httpd-2.4.25.tar.gz
tar -zxvf httpd-2.4.25.tar.gz -C /tmp/
cd /tmp/httpd-2.4.25/
./configure --prefix=$prefix --sysconfdir=$sysconfdir --enable-ssl --enable-so
make -j $cpu
make install
echo "-----------------------------------------------------------------------"
echo "-----------------------------------------------------------------------"
echo "the httpd is start"
echo "-----------------------------------------------------------------------"
echo "-----------------------------------------------------------------------"
sleep 30
$prefix/bin/apachectl start
fi
3、把查看的結果傳遞給bash執行
root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.14.13/http.sh | bash
4、查看結果
make[1]: Leaving directory `/tmp/httpd-2.4.25'
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
the httpd is start
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
[root@localhost ~]# ss -ntlp
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* users:(("sshd",pid=5192,fd=3))
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* users:(("master",pid=5684,fd=13))
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::* users:(("httpd",pid=12034,fd=4),("httpd",pid=12033,fd=4),("httpd",pid=12032,fd=4),("httpd",pid=12031,fd=4))
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* users:(("sshd",pid=5192,fd=4))
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::* users:(("master",pid=5684,fd=14))