Prometheus的安装配置与grafana安装

一、Prometheus与Grafana

Prometheus是由SoundCloud开发的开源监控报警系统和时序列数据库(TSDB)。Prometheus使用Go语言开发，是Google BorgMon监控系统的开源版本。2016年由Google发起Linux基金会旗下的原生云基金会(Cloud Native Computing Foundation), 将Prometheus纳入其下第二大开源项目。Prometheus目前在开源社区相当活跃。Prometheus和Heapster(Heapster是K8S的一个子项目，用于获取集群的性能数据。)相比功能更完善、更全面。Prometheus性能也足够支撑上万台规模的集群。其架构图如下：

Grafana是一个跨平台的开源的度量分析和可视化工具，可以通过将采集的数据查询然后可视化的展示，并及时通知。它主要有以下六大特点：

• 1、展示方式：快速灵活的客户端图表，面板插件有许多不同方式的可视化指标和日志，官方库中具有丰富的仪表盘插件，比如热图、折线图、图表等多种展示方式；
• 2、数据源：Graphite，InfluxDB，OpenTSDB，Prometheus，Elasticsearch，CloudWatch和KairosDB等；
• 3、通知提醒：以可视方式定义最重要指标的警报规则，Grafana将不断计算并发送通知，在数据达到阈值时通过Slack、PagerDuty等获得通知；
• 4、混合展示：在同一图表中混合使用不同的数据源，可以基于每个查询指定数据源，甚至自定义数据源；
• 5、注释：使用来自不同数据源的丰富事件注释图表，将鼠标悬停在事件上会显示完整的事件元数据和标记；
• 6、过滤器：Ad-hoc过滤器允许动态创建新的键/值过滤器，这些过滤器会自动应用于使用该数据源的所有查询。

 

二、服务端prometheus安装 

1、下载

wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.19.2/prometheus-2.19.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar zxvf prometheus-2.19.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv prometheus-2.19.2.linux-amd64 /usr/local/prometheus

2、创建用户

groupadd prometheus
useradd -g prometheus -m -d /var/lib/prometheus -s /sbin/nologin prometheus
chown prometheus.prometheus -R /usr/local/prometheus

3、创建Systemd服务

cat > /etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=prometheus
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=simple
User=prometheus
ExecStart=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus --config.file=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml --storage.tsdb.path=/var/lib/prometheus/data 
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

4、启动Prometheus

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start prometheus
systemctl status prometheus
systemctl enable prometheus

5、访问WEB界面

访问http://10.207.10.248:9090

三、节点端node_exporter安装

1、下载

wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v1.0.1/node_exporter-1.0.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar zxvf node_exporter-1.0.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv node_exporter-1.0.1.linux-amd64 /usr/local/node_exporter

2、创建用户

groupadd prometheus
useradd -g prometheus -m -d /var/lib/prometheus -s /sbin/nologin prometheus
chown prometheus.prometheus -R /usr/local/node_exporter

3、创建Systemd服务

cat > /etc/systemd/system/node_exporter.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=node_exporter
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=simple
User=prometheus
ExecStart=/usr/local/node_exporter/node_exporter
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

4、启动node_exporter

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start node_exporter
systemctl status node_exporter
systemctl enable node_exporter

5、验证启动成功

curl 127.0.0.1:9100
curl 127.0.0.1:9100/metrics

四、服务端配置

prometheus的服务端通过pull向各个node_exporter节点端抓取信息，需要在各个node上安装exporter。可以利用 Prometheus 的 static_configs 来拉取 node_exporter 的数据。

编辑prometheus.yml文件，添加内容:

- job_name: 'node'
    static_configs:
    - targets: ['XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX:9100']

完整配置如下：

[root@localhost prometheus]# cat prometheus.yml 
# my global config
global:
  scrape_interval:     15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
  evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
  # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).

# Alertmanager configuration
alerting:
  alertmanagers:
  - static_configs:
    - targets:
      # - alertmanager:9093

# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
rule_files:
  # - "first_rules.yml"
  # - "second_rules.yml"

# A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
# Here it's Prometheus itself.
scrape_configs:
  # The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config.
  - job_name: 'server248'

    # metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'
    # scheme defaults to 'http'.

    static_configs:
    - targets: ['172.17.10.248:9090']

  - job_name: 'node247'
    static_configs:
    - targets: ['172.17.10.247:9100']
  - job_name: 'node246'
    static_configs:
    - targets: ['172.17.10.246:9100']
  - job_name: 'node244'
    static_configs:
    - targets: ['172.17.10.244:9100']

重启prometheus，然后在Prometheus页面中的Targets中就能看到新加入的node:

systemctl restart prometheus

然后再次查询web界面如下：

访问http://10.207.10.248:9090

五、集成各服务监控

1、 nginx

https://github.com/knyar/nginx-lua-prometheus

2、 php
https://github.com/bakins/php-fpm-exporter

3、 mysql
https://github.com/prometheus/mysqld_exporter

（1）下载

wget https://github.com/prometheus/mysqld_exporter/releases/download/v0.12.1/mysqld_exporter-0.12.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar zxvf mysqld_exporter-0.12.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv mysqld_exporter-0.12.1.linux-amd64 /usr/local/mysqld_exporter

（2）修改所属

chown prometheus.prometheus -R /usr/local/mysqld_exporter

（3）创建Systemd服务

cat > /etc/systemd/system/mysqld_exporter.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=mysqld_exporter
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=simple
User=prometheus
ExecStart=ExecStart=/usr/local/mysqld_exporter/mysqld_exporter --config.my-cnf=/usr/local/mysqld_exporter/.my.cnf
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

（4）创建密码填写内容.my.cnf文件

vim .my.cnf
[client]
host=127.0.0.1
port=3306
user=root
password=root

（5）启动mysqld_exporter

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start mysqld_exporter
systemctl status mysqld_exporter
systemctl enable mysqld_exporter

4、 zookeeper
https://github.com/jiankunking/zookeeper_exporter

5、 kafka
https://github.com/danielqsj/kafka_exporter

6、 redis
https://github.com/oliver006/redis_exporter

7、 postgresql

https://github.com/wrouesnel/postgres_exporter

8、 springboot

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_33257527/article/details/88294016

更多expoter参见官网：https://prometheus.io/docs/instrumenting/exporters/#exporters-and-integrations

 

六、Grafana安装

官方地址：https://grafana.com/grafana/download?platform=linux

1、下载

wget https://dl.grafana.com/oss/release/grafana-7.0.5-1.x86_64.rpm

2、安装

yum install -y grafana-7.0.5-1.x86_64.rpm

3、配置

配置文件位于/etc/grafana/grafana.ini，这里暂时保持默认配置即可

4、启动

systemctl enable grafana-server
systemctl start grafana-server

5、访问

http://10.207.10.248:3000
用户名：admin
密码：admin