亞馬遜要求員工“二選一” ：要麼接受AI攝像頭監控，要麼失業

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"亞馬遜正向送貨司機發出一道選擇題，要麼被人工智能攝像頭監視，要麼失業。"}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"亞馬遜要求送貨司機簽署“生物識別同意書”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3 月 23 日，Vice 網站發表文章稱，美國的亞馬遜送貨司機必須在本週簽署一份“生物識別同意書”，以允許亞馬遜使用人工智能驅動的攝像頭獲取司機的位置、運動和生物識別數據。有信息顯示，亞馬遜在美國的送貨司機約有 7.5 萬名，如果送貨司機拒絕簽署這些表格的話，就會失去工作。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Vice 稱，這份表格上面寫道：“亞馬遜可能……使用某些處理生物特徵信息的技術，包括車載安全攝像頭技術，該技術收集您的照片以確認您的身份並將您連接到您的駕駛員帳戶。”“該技術跟蹤車輛的位置和運動，包括行駛的英里數、速度、加速度、制動、轉彎和跟隨距離……作爲向亞馬遜交付包裹的條件，您同意使用該技術。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/dc\/da\/dca7d5433ffe6eb5b45b7b82e711fdda.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/82\/f3\/824bd4d084c0a6ed1935880c9d5049f3.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/86\/55\/86ea43922faa290e66e27c934c383b55.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/43\/19\/43bb0847e0500e7c8a9237f690909b19.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/a7\/8b\/a77ed6ff93b59a01aa5c13d02b83078b.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/31\/5e\/31df9f3e693b2106bcf4deeb743bdf5e.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外，有外媒報道稱，這些攝像頭可以從在麪包車中拍攝的駕駛員照片中“收集，存儲和使用生物特徵信息”，並且可以在拍攝後將其保存長達 30 天。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"事實上，早在今年 2 月份，亞馬遜就曾宣佈計劃在卡車上使用配備人工智能的攝像頭來跟蹤駕駛員的工作情況。該攝像頭系統名爲“ Driveri”，由 AI 和運輸初創公司 Netradyne 製造。四個攝像頭可提供 270 度的覆蓋範圍：一個面向擋風玻璃，兩個面向側窗，一個面向駕駛員。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"據瞭解，這些驅動程序不是亞馬遜直接僱用的，而是亞馬遜通過第三方交付服務合作伙伴僱用的，這些合作伙伴使用亞馬遜的交付站點，但仍要遵守該公司的工作準則。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"亞馬遜發言人 Deborah Bass 曾告訴《汽車與駕駛員》，安全是該公司選擇監視駕駛員的唯一理由：“ Netradyne攝像頭用於幫助確保駕駛員和我們提供服務的社區的安全。我們從 2020 年 4 月至 10 月在超過 2 個地方達百萬英里的交付路線上試用了該技術，其結果顯著改善了駕駛員和社區的安全——事故減少了 48％，違反停車標誌的情況減少了 20％，沒戴安全帶的駕駛情形減少了 60％，分散注意力的駕駛減少了 45％。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不過，亞馬遜的這項舉動還是引起了人們對於隱私的擔憂。據外媒報道，有 5 名美國參議員聯名錶達了對視頻監控的擔憂，他們在一封公開信中要求亞馬遜首席執行官傑夫·貝索斯解釋，該公司將如何避免侵犯員工隱私，給員工快節奏的工作增加“不安全的壓力”，將員工置於風險之中。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"也有批評人士表示，快遞配送工作的節奏難以管理，司機預計在 10 小時的輪班中派送100 多件包裹。一些司機報告說，他們沒有時間找廁所，攝像頭將監控在戶外小便或排便的司機。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3 月 19 日，湯森路透記者 Avi Asher-Schapiro 發佈推文稱，一位辭職的亞馬遜司機表示，自己辭職的原因是無法避免貨車上持續的人工智能監控，也無法避免與亞馬遜共享生物識別技術。該司機認爲，“這既侵犯了隱私，也違背了信任”“我不會支持它”。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"亞馬遜員工沒有隱私"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這並不是亞馬遜首次因侵犯員工隱私問題陷入輿論漩渦。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"早在去年 9 月，就有消息稱亞馬遜曾計劃聘請情報分析師協助識別公司內部的勞工活動組織者。雖然亞馬遜方面堅稱消息有誤，但通過內部文檔、報告以及發佈在公共互聯網上的信息來看，亞馬遜多年以來確實擁有一支神祕而複雜的專項團隊，用以監控 Facebook 羣組內的員工活動。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外，亞馬遜對員工的監視一直沒有停止過。在亞馬遜物流中心內工作的十幾萬名員工，他們的一切行爲也都要接受數字化跟蹤與評估。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2019 年，有外媒報道稱，亞馬遜內部已經構建了一套 AI 系統，可以追蹤每一名物流倉儲部門員工的工作效率，統計每一名員工的“摸魚”時間（Time Off Task，簡稱 TOT），然後自動生成解僱的指令。當時的曝光文件內容多達幾十頁，有近 900 名員工因爲被該套系統判定爲“工作效率低”而被解僱。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"很多員工隨身帶着手持掃描儀，這些掃描儀包含固定的指令流，例如倒數時鐘，其中列出了從貨架上取下商品之間的硬性時間間隔。工人們每天需要行走超過 15 英里，他們的休息時間，包括去洗手間的時間，都有着非常嚴格的規定。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"亞馬遜的系統會跟蹤每一位員工的生產率，並自動生成關於生產率及生產質量的警告或終止信息。數據實時流向管理人員，然後由稱爲 ADAPT 的專門軟件系統處理。如果員工一旦年紀大了或某天因情緒不振沒有達到目標就會被記錄下來，如果沒有此後沒有進步就會被解僱。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“這裏的節奏很快，並不適合每個人，也不適合每一個生活階段。”有高管表示。亞馬遜認爲，公司不需要考慮怎樣在工作與生活之間取得平衡，這是員工自己該操心的問題，亞馬遜不是給員工當保姆。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"參考鏈接："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.vice.com\/en\/article\/dy8n3j\/amazon-delivery-drivers-forced-to-sign-biometric-consent-form-or-lose-job"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.caranddriver.com\/news\/a35917123\/amazon-drivers-biometric-consent-form\/"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.cnet.com\/news\/amazon-drivers-must-consent-to-biometric-monitoring-or-lose-jobs-reports-say\/"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"《"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/7SEcvxfVAswubldV0Ngj","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"被祕密監控的亞馬遜員工"}]},{"type":"text","text":"》"}]}]}