马斯克的SpaceX星链网遇散热危机，气温过高自动关机

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近日，美国西南部地区遭遇创纪录高温，亚利桑那州多地气温超 45℃。热浪袭击下，马斯克的 SpaceX 星链网迎来散热危机。"}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Starlink 因温度过高致关机"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"近日，SpaceX 的星链网 Starlink 与美国西南部不断飙升的高温作斗争。根据"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.vice.com\/en\/article\/7kvkga\/spacexs-satellite-internet-shuts-down-because-its-too-hot-in-arizona","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"外媒 VICE 的报道"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"，有多名 Starlink 用户表示，他们在使用过程中遇到了过热关机问题。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"亚利桑那州的一名 Starlink 测试版用户 Martin 表示，他的用户终端在正午阳光下关闭。据其描述，当他的互联网服务中断时，Starlink 应用程序会提供一条错误消息称“离线：热关机”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/d7\/0e\/d75f4d204636f05f619574e99510990e.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"设备离线后，他联系了 Starlink 客服，对方表示“Dishy（Starlink 卫星天线用户终端也被称为 Dishy McFlatface）将在 122°F（50℃）时进入热关断状态，并在达到 104°F（40℃）时重新启动”。随后，他使用软管对其进行喷洒，中断了 7 个多小时之后，设备终于在晚上 7 点左右重新启动。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/d4\/c7\/d480744376a03b3517452d15999ba2c7.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"Starlink 客服的回复似乎证实了，用户终端的温度上限是 122°F，也就是说，当温度达到 122°F 时，Starlink 会自动进入热关闭状态。值得一提的是，虽然当地温度并未达到 122°F ，但终端“盘子”会比气温更热。Martin 在接受 Ars 采访时表示：“我认为来自地面的辐射热量有效地升高了盘子的底部温度，而盘子的顶部则被太阳烤熟了。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"Martin 的帖子很快得到了一位 Starlink 测试版用户的回应，该用户表示他的星链位于偏远地区大峡谷以南 50 英里处，他的终端在 103°F（约 39.4℃）时关闭，冷却一小时后又重新工作。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"不过也有用户表示，他的终端在 111°F 时也能正常工作。另一位同样来自亚利桑那州的用户称，他的终端在 120°F 下也能正常工作。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"俄勒冈州工程师"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/arstechnica.com\/information-technology\/2021\/06\/starlink-dish-overheats-in-arizona-sun-knocking-user-offline-for-7-hours\/","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" Ken Keiter "}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在去年 11 月曾拆解过 Starlink 卫星天线用户终端，他在接受 VICE 采访时表示，虽然 Dishy 在设计中考虑到了散热问题，但还是存在一些潜在的问题：“相控阵组件包括一个 PCBA（印刷电路板组件），它粘附在铝背板上，有多种用途——充当射频屏蔽、提供结构刚度，最重要的是，它可以在 PCBA 上充当组件的散热器。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"热量通过类似泡沫的热界面材料 (TIM) 从电路板传递到铝背板，背板本身位于包含少量空气的防风雨密封腔中。当这个背板加热时，它周围的空气也会加热，并通过塑料外壳将热能传递到外部环境。 “这就是问题所在：在某些时候，Dishy 表面吸收了组合的热能并被组件倾倒到背板、周围的空气和外壳中，超过了散发到外部环境的热量。”Keiter 说道。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"目前，Starlink 支持人员已向用户保证，SpaceX 正在进行软件更新，旨在解决过热问题。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Starlink 网速最高可达 200Mbps"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"2020 年 10 月，Starlink 发布公开测试版。马斯克曾表示，到 2021 年底，Starlink将加速商业化，“地球大部分地区”都可以使用 Starlink。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"今年 4 月，据外媒 Wccftech 报道，Starlink 目前已经被美国各地用户所注册，并且其表现明显优于竞争对手 HughesNet 和 Viasat。根据部分用户的实际测试，Starlink 在美国加利福尼亚州索诺玛县的测试数据显示其最低下载速度为 44Mbps，"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s\/xE8elBheXRPBmxyUhWflZA","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"最高突破了 200Mbps"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"（所有测试都是在 Apple iPad Mini 上进行的，可参考 4G 网络的下行速率基本可以达到 100Mbps～150Mbps）。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/97\/c8\/97fbcedfcd937d3ed31c76960e340dc8.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/26\/fc\/26c0083ffda6bed58ce6296929619bfc.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"这个数值也与美国其他地区用户的测试结果相匹配。今年 1 月，蒙大拿州的用户以 190 Mbps 的下载速度共享了他的测试结果。早些时候，西雅图和纽约的用户超过了这一结果，他们的下载速度分别为 230 Mbps 和 240 Mbps。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"根据 SpaceX 与美国联邦通信委员会（FCC）共享的数据显示，“星链”卫星互联网服务的平均下载速度已经达到 80 Mbps。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在当前测试阶段，Starlink 每月向终端用户收费 99 美元，再加上用户终端、安装三脚架和路由器的一次性费用为 499 美元。虽然目前的体验还不错，但部分测试用户认为其收费过高。"}]}]}