大廠紛紛取消“大小周”，“反內卷”時代要來了？

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"互聯網公司的“大小周”，正慢慢消失在歷史中。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"據 36 氪 7 月 14 日消息，美團旗下社區團購業務“美團優選”已於近日發佈通知，取消“大小周”，本週起立即執行。據瞭解，美團優選從今年 3 月開始實行“大小周”，至今僅實行了 4 個月左右時間。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"稍早前的 7 月 9 日，字節跳動也曾發佈公告，宣佈將於 2021 年 8 月 1 日起取消隔週週日工作的安排。字節跳動表示，8 月開始有需求的團隊和個人，可以通過系統提交加班申請。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在這份公告發布之前，字節跳動曾在公司內部開展過關於“取消大小周”的調研。據新任 CEO 梁汝波 6 月 17 日在公司例行 OpenDay 上公佈的調研結果，公司內有三分之一的人不支持取消“大小周”，三分之一的人支持。最終高層給出的答覆是：暫無結論，尚待進一步研究。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"據公開資料顯示，自 2012 年成立起，字節跳動就一直保持着“大小周”的工作傳統。而在 7 月 9 日正式發佈公告之後，“大小周”終於要成爲字節員工的“過去式”了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而從近期的風向來看，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"互聯網公司的“大小周”，或終將消失在歷史中"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“大小周再也不見，我要雙休”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“很期待以後的雙休生活”。李立剛加入字節跳動沒多久，就趕上了取消“大小周”這項調整。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不過事實上，字節跳動並不是李立工作過的第一家實行“大小周”制度的互聯網公司，在此之前，李立曾在兩家這樣的公司工作過。“我有非常豐富的大小周經驗，我從 2017 年開始就大小周了”，李立對 InfoQ 說道。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"所謂“大小周”，指的是一週工作六天，一週工作五天的工作制度。爲了追求速度與效益，最近幾年很多互聯網公司開始實行這一制度。實行“大小周”制度的公司通常會選擇隔週週日工作，也有少數公司選擇隔週週六工作，不過不管怎麼選，對員工來說都意味着——法定的雙休沒有了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“一開始我沒多想，以爲每個月多上兩天班無所謂，那時候剛畢業一年多，身體也還能拼的動。但是過了半年，我的身體明顯出現問題，心情也從一開始的充滿幹勁變得抗拒。”回顧 2017 年剛接觸“大小周”的那段日子，李立滿是感慨。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在那家公司裏，李立覺得不管是大周還是小周，週末都非常痛苦。“單休那天也要工作，如果不做就會被警告開除，相當於一週沒有休息。雙休我會選擇在家躺上一天，什麼都不做，其實相當於只休息了一天。”一位微博用戶生動地總結了“大小周”的煩惱："},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"每到雙休就報復性休息，每到週日就極度焦慮"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"有一段時間，李立的情緒非常負面，甚至一度飽受抑鬱症的困擾。但也正是在那之後，李立開始更加重視自己的身體健康狀況。“在那家公司的最後半年時間裏，我基本上每天 7 點就下班，很少加班。一方面，我當時也不太想在那裏繼續工作了，另一方面，我需要足夠的休息時間來調整身體”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"後來，李立又加入到一家實行“大小周”制度的互聯網企業。不過與之前相比，李立的心態明顯要好很多。“同事都很不錯，做的事情也是我自己喜歡的。單休的時候，我會盡量在家，雙休的時候，我也會選擇出去玩玩。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"儘管如此，常年的“大小周”還是讓李立原本就不夠廣泛的社交圈進一步縮小，沒時間交新朋友，沒時間談戀愛，和家人的親密關係也受到了影響。所以當他得知新公司字節跳動取消大小周後，即便自己會損失數萬元的加班費，依舊難掩喜悅地表示“大小周再也不見，我要雙休”。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"有人歡喜有人憂"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"和李立的興奮有些不同，另一位字節跳動員工小 C 則顯得淡定了許多。在她看來，公司取消“大小周”是必然的事情，“從騰訊爆出 6 點下班，再到快手官宣取消大小周，字節取消大小周感覺是遲早的事”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"6 月 14 日，騰訊旗下的光子工作室發佈了加班管理機制，設立週三健康日，強制要求員工在週三晚上 6 點下班，其他工作日下班時間也不能晚於晚上 9 點。同時，該加班管理機制中還提到，全面雙休，並禁止週末連續兩天加班。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"6 月 24 日，快手宣佈從 7 月 1 日起取消大小周，員工按需加班，公司按照相關規定向員工支付加班工資。據瞭解，快手從 2021 年 1 月 10 日開始實行“大小周”制度。在快手內部，“大小周”也被稱爲“聚焦日”，當時快手人力負責人劉峯曾表示，在西方，週日是一週的開始。週一開例會，員工週日就着手週報和例會。小周最開始的定位是爲了休整、提前計劃下週工作，爲週一做準備。同時，他也透露，該公司目前已經有 70% 的人員在實行“大小周”，爲了讓前中後臺聯繫更緊密，決定全面開始“大小周”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不過很明顯，在“大小周”這件事上，互聯網大廠正在發生變化。而對於身處變化之中的員工來說，也出現了贊成與反對兩種聲音。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"收入是員工反對取消“大小周”的主要原因。"},{"type":"text","text":" 在大廠，週末加班可以獲得雙倍工資，國家法定節假日加班可以獲得 3 倍工資。有些大廠甚至會把加班費算在薪酬總包裏，如果取消“大小周”，則意味着自己被降薪 15%-20%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/91\/16\/91d41300e9810ba2dyy7616167843b16.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/2d\/53\/2dc01886620e08e786e08e5ba3ac1753.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在職場社交平臺脈脈上，有不少認證爲字節員工的用戶發言表示，取消“大小周”後工資縮水，希望能普調。小 C 在接受 InfoQ 採訪時也表示，在公司宣佈取消“大小周”之前，自己是很期待的，但是真的取消了之後，公司並沒有發佈相應的福利通知。相較之前，自己的收入上確實減少了一些，期待公司後續能夠普調。不過她也感慨，“考慮到生活是自己的，取消大小周我還是比較贊成的”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"李立則把大廠員工簡單劃分爲三類：第一類員工生活壓力巨大；第二類員工生活壓力較小，但是沒有太多自己的生活，工作也不忙；第三類員工生活壓力小，想要自己的生活，工作也很忙。對於第一、二類員工，明顯是反對取消“大小周”的，因爲比起週末休息，他們更想賺取加班費。第三類員工則站在支持取消“大小周”的一方，因爲在他們看來，生活會比加班費更重要。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"李立坦言自己屬於第三類員工，“因爲之前沒有自己的生活，我現在對健康的需求會更多一些。儘管取消大小週會損失數萬元加班費，但是我還是覺得，更希望雙休吧”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在收入之外，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"工作量也是員工反對取消“大小周”的主要原因之一"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"互聯網大廠通常會採用 KPI 或 OKR 作爲員工績效衡量指標，如果目標沒變，那麼工作量也不可能減少。這意味着，原本可以 6 天完成的工作，現在要縮減到 5 天，完不成的話，還是得加班，並且還沒有加班費。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"因此，在一部分員工看來，取消“大小周”不僅減少了收入，也沒能讓他們實現真正意義上的減壓。知乎用戶 AliceDiana 更是一針見血地指出：“在公司不招人，不解決工作量問題之前，一切形式的改組都是表面形式的文章”。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"互聯網員工苦加班久矣"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在是否取消“大小周”的討論背後，折射出的是互聯網行業畸形的加班文化。從 996.ICU、大小周、超級大小周，再到內卷，互聯網行業的加班文化總是能輕鬆地成爲輿論焦點。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一方面，很多互聯網企業並不能做到像大廠那樣，可以按照規定發放加班費，有些企業甚至連調休等形式的加班補償都沒有，員工相當於義務加班。脈脈發佈的《2021 職場人加班真相調研報告》顯示，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"40% 的加班行爲被企業置之不理"},{"type":"text","text":"，員工在薪酬層面並沒有強烈的體感。“既要馬兒跑，又要馬兒不喫草”，久而久之，員工自然心有怨念。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"穀雨實驗室聯合鏑數發佈的一項調研報告指出，近 15 年員工周平均工作時間雖然變化不大，但收入增速卻在逐步回落。這意味着，雖然員工一直在持續性加班，拉長工作時間，但卻沒有獲得同等增幅的收入回報。尤其是在 2012 年之後，收入增幅更是呈斷崖式下跌。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/c6\/80\/c6c8bbe52bec40672630a7edb39f0680.jpeg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另一方面，即便是給足加班補償，隨着加班猝死新聞屢見報端，員工對健康的重視程度日益趨增，“用命換錢”顯然不是員工認可的奮鬥文化。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外，隨着內卷加劇，“表演型”加班也在互聯網行業中有了一席之地。當加班文化盛行，身處其中的每個員工都容易被裹挾其中，即便沒有工作安排，也寧願下班後留在公司“磨洋工”。更有甚者，加班已然形成攀比之風，爲了刷存在感，或是不背上悠閒的“罪名”，只能不停地堆砌勞動時間。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"有數據顯示，近年來我國的企業員工工作時間始終居高不下。統計局發佈的數據顯示，今年 1-5 月份，全國企業就業人員周平均工作時間爲 47.3 小時。而根據《勞動法》第三十六條，國家實行勞動者每日工作時間不超過 8 小時、平均每週工作時間不超過 44 小時的工時制度。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"面對內卷，普通員工能做得並不多，很多時候即便跳槽也很難解決實際問題。“勞動力市場本身就是一個買方市場，一個人的反抗是無效的，必須要有更強大的力量才能推動。因爲每一個人都沒有話語權，只能保住飯碗，能做的就是儘量識破公司的 PUA 套路，讓自己不要被洗腦。最多也就是，同事都還在卷的時候，你該下班下班。”李立總結道。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"畸形的加班文化終將消亡？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"從互聯網巨頭近期的舉動中不難看出，風向在變，也許在未來某天，畸形的加班文化終將得到徹底醫治。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"至於改變背後的深層原因，有聲音認爲或許與政策監管有關。“調整工作時長，我覺得和國家整體調控有關，不可能因爲部分員工就去隨便取消”，小 C 對 InfoQ 分析道。在社交平臺上，也存在不少相似的聲音。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"實際上，早在 2019 年 996.ICU 成爲輿論熱點時，新華社、工人日報等央媒就曾刊發過“奮鬥應提倡，996 當退場”“針對 996ICU，有關部門應有所作爲”這樣的評論文章。對於公然要求員工執行“996”工作制的企業，彼時也有當地勞動監察部門進行過調查。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不過拋開監管層面來看，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"畸形的加班文化或許本就不具備長久的生命力"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一方面，隨着互聯網行業整體進入下半場，巨頭增速放緩，增長空間變得愈發有限，傳統通過堆積工作時間換取企業流量高速增長的發展路數已然遇到瓶頸。如果說互聯網上半場靠的是流量，那麼下半場靠的就是創新。提出互聯網下半場這一概念的王興也曾提到過，“通過創新爲用戶創造價值，這正是中國互聯網下半場需要構建的新的核心能力”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另一方面，把提高員工效率寄託在延長工作時間上，本就是管理上的“懶政”行爲。“當一個管理者的智慧無法衡量一支團隊的產出的時候，他就會把‘工時’當做最後的救命稻草，死死抱住——這是他唯一聽得懂的東西了。”前阿里 P8 專家 winter 曾公開評論道。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"那麼，一味地堆砌勞動時間是否能換來更高的工作效率？中國青年報社社會調查中心聯合問卷網，曾對 1980 名上班族進行過調查。結果顯示，44.1% 的受訪者認爲過度加班會降低工作效率，讓員工患上“拖延症”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"很明顯，提高工作效率的良藥並不能依賴加班二字。對企業來說，如何通過流程、工具等方式提升員工效率是需要持續探討的課題。而對於員工來說，如何更好地追求工作與生活之間的平衡，也的確值得自己深思。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"暢想徹底結束“大小周”之後的日子，李立決定要先利用週末時間好好休息，鍛鍊身體，恢復健康，然後再通過讀書學習等方式提升下自己；小 C 也把未來的週末計劃安排得很豐滿，旅遊以及提升技能，都在她的計劃清單內。如果說單休的那天是用來“續命”的，那麼雙休則是用來享受生活以及提升自己的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"（應受訪者要求，文中李立、小 C 均爲化名）"}]}]}