“MSL”出炉？Ubuntu 发布 Multipass 对标 WSL

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"11 月 9日，Ubuntu 发行商 Canonical 宣布推出全新版本的虚拟机管理工具 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/multipass.run\/","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Multipass"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"，以支持在带有 M1 芯片的 Mac 上更快速的运行跨平台的 Linux。Canonical 称 Multipass 支持 M1 Mac 用户以一个命令启动虚拟机镜像来运行 Linux，整个过程只需 20s 左右。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"Canonical 表示 Ubuntu 是第一个将 M1 Mac 转变为 Linux 计算的平台。他们的产品经理 Nathan Hart 说：“我们希望开发者能比市场上其他的人更快地运行 Linux，Multipass 已经实现这一目标”。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"虚拟化工具，赋能 Apple Silicon"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"M1 芯片自发布后就一直有“低功耗、高性能”的特点，但直到现在，M1 用户还没有很多运行 Linux 的选择。VirtualBox 和 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.vmware.com\/","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"VMware"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" 等流行的工具都处于预览阶段或暂不支持新架构。PD 支持新架构但需要手动配置、管理和维护。Multipass 就是 Canonical 提供的解决办法。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"Multipass 的优势是无需切换“上下文”进程（可以保持运行状态的机制），就可以在虚拟机（VM）中运行应用程序，也可以从主机（M1 Mac）终端上运行虚拟机中的应用程序。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Docker 桌面替代新选择"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"根据官方博客介绍，Multipass 最新版本 1.8.0 中包含一个“aliases”功能。aliases 可以允许允许 Multipass 用户将虚拟机中的命令连接到主机操作系统上的命令。允许用户在接近原生状态下使用任何 Linux 程序。aliases 也被吹捧为 Docker 桌面的替代品。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"“对于那些只需要在少数情况下使用 Linux 环境的人来说，这是一个xx的转变。这些用户现在可以直接从主机终端运行虚拟机内的软件，而不是切换上下文来访问他们需要的软件。aliases 可以让用户对任何 Linux 程序运行有近似原生的体验。例如，对于希望在 Windows 和 Mac 上运行 Docker 的开发者来说，aliases 可以成为 Docker 桌面的替代品。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"Multipass 现在支持每个主要的计算平台，无论是跨平台的 Mac、Windows 还是 Linux，Multipass 都可以为你提供统一的 Linux 开发环境体验。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"对标 WSL？路还很长"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"Multipass 新功能发布后，不少网友表示，这不就是 Mac 版的 WSL吗，简称“MSL”（macOS Subsystem for Linux）从运行逻辑上来说，“MSL”的确与 WSL 非常像。"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/docs.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows\/wsl\/","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"WSL"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" 全称 Windows Subsystem for Linux，简单说就是 Linux 版的 Windows 子系统，支持在 Windows 10 和 Windows Server 2019 上原生运行 Linux 二进制可执行文件，目前已经迭代到 WSL 2，主要功能如下。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"无缝集成体系结构"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"传统的独立 VM 一般启动较慢，消耗资源多，需要花时间去配置和管理。WSL 2 本身的特性就是 Windows 与 Linux 之间的无缝集成。启动时间短、资源占用少、无需 VM 配置和管理是基础优势（WSL 2 的 VM 是在幕后管理运行）。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"完整的 Linux 内核"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"WSL 2 中的 Linux 内核根据最新的稳定版分支（基于 kernel.org 上提供的源代码）构建。此内核针对 WSL 2 进行了调整，优化了了大小和性能，以保证在 Windows 上提供更好的 Linux 体验。此内核的安全修复补丁更新跟随 Windows 更新，无需单独管理。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"系统兼容性"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"正如上面所说的 WSL 2 有了自己的 Linux 内核，具有完全的系统调用兼容性。Linux 二进制文件使用系统调用来执行访问文件、请求内存、创建进程等功能。除了更新跟随系统能达到立即可用以外，还可以在 WSL 内部运行一组全新应用，例如 Docker 等。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"文件 IO 性能"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"WSL 2 在文件密集型操作如Git 克隆、npm 安装、apt 更新升级等上的速度都有明显的提升。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"Multipass 则处于起步阶段，主要功能有支持 M1 Mac、aliases、Xfce Terminal、更好的 GUI 体验、跨平台体验。目前 Multipass 在功能完成度易用性等方面与 WSL 仍有较大差距，期待不久的将来 Multipass 可以完善的更好。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"参考链接："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/ubuntu.com\/blog\/canonical-transforms-linux-on-mac","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/ubuntu.com\/blog\/canonical-transforms-linux-on-mac"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]}]}]}