uname -a # 查看內核/操作系統/CPU信息 head -n 1 /etc/issue # 查看操作系統版本 cat /proc/cpuinfo # 查看CPU信息 hostname # 查看計算機名 lspci -tv # 列出所有PCI設備 lsusb -tv # 列出所有USB設備 lsmod # 列出加載的內核模塊 env # 查看環境變量
資源
free -m # 查看內存使用量和交換區使用量 df -h # 查看各分區使用情況 du -sh <目錄名> # 查看指定目錄的大小 grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo # 查看內存總量 grep MemFree /proc/meminfo # 查看空閒內存量 uptime # 查看系統運行時間、用戶數、負載 cat /proc/loadavg # 查看系統負載
磁盤和分區
mount | column -t # 查看掛接的分區狀態 fdisk -l # 查看所有分區 swapon -s # 查看所有交換分區 hdparm -i /dev/hda # 查看磁盤參數(僅適用於IDE設備) dmesg | grep IDE # 查看啓動時IDE設備檢測狀況
網絡
ifconfig # 查看所有網絡接口的屬性 iptables -L # 查看防火牆設置 route -n # 查看路由表 netstat -lntp # 查看所有監聽端口 netstat -antp # 查看所有已經建立的連接 netstat -s # 查看網絡統計信息
進程
ps -ef # 查看所有進程 top # 實時顯示進程狀態
用戶
w # 查看活動用戶 id <用戶名> # 查看指定用戶信息 last # 查看用戶登錄日誌 cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd # 查看系統所有用戶 cut -d: -f1 /etc/group # 查看系統所有組 crontab -l # 查看當前用戶的計劃任務
服務
chkconfig --list # 列出所有系統服務 chkconfig --list | grep on # 列出所有啓動的系統服務
程序
rpm -qa # 查看所有安裝的軟件包
查看網卡型號
lspci | grep Ethernet
00:19.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82567V-2 Gigabit Network Connection
查看硬盤信息（查看硬盤型號和硬盤序列號）：
df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda5 2.0G 272M 1.6G 15% / /dev/sda8 199G 188M 189G 1% /home /dev/sda3 9.7G 1.3G 7.9G 15% /usr /dev/sda2 9.7G 198M 9.0G 3% /var /dev/sda1 99M 17M 77M 18% /boot
hdparm -i /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
Model=SAMSUNG HE253GJ , FwRev=1AJ30001, SerialNo= S2B5J90ZC12060
Config={ Fixed }
RawCHS=16383/16/63, TrkSize=0, SectSize=0, ECCbytes=4
BuffType=unknown, BuffSize=16384kB, MaxMultSect=16, MultSect=?16?
CurCHS=16383/16/63, CurSects=16514064, LBA=yes, LBAsects=268435455
IORDY=on/off, tPIO={min:120,w/IORDY:120}, tDMA={min:120,rec:120}
PIO modes: pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4
DMA modes: mdma0 mdma1 mdma2
UDMA modes: udma0 udma1 udma2
AdvancedPM=yes: disabled (255) WriteCache=enabled
Drive conforms to: unknown: ATA/ATAPI-0 ATA/ATAPI-1 ATA/ATAPI-2 ATA/ATAPI-3 ATA/ATAPI-4 ATA/ATAPI-5 ATA/ATAPI-6 ATA/ATAPI-7
* signifies the current active mode
dmesg | grep ATA
ata1: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xf190 ctl 0xf180 bmdma 0xf150 irq 185 ata2: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xf170 ctl 0xf160 bmdma 0xf158 irq 185 ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300) ata1.00: ATA-8: SAMSUNG HE253GJ, 1AJ30001, max UDMA/133 ata2: SATA link down (SStatus 0 SControl 300) Vendor: ATA Model: SAMSUNG HE253GJ Rev: 1AJ3 ata3: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xf130 ctl 0xf120 bmdma 0xf0f0 irq 185 ata4: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xf110 ctl 0xf100 bmdma 0xf0f8 irq 185 ata3: SATA link down (SStatus 0 SControl 300) ata4: SATA link down (SStatus 0 SControl 300) ata5: PATA max UDMA/100 cmd 0xe040 ctl 0xe030 bmdma 0xe000 irq 177
查看主板型號：
dmidecode | more
# dmidecode 2.10
SMBIOS 2.4 present.
57 structures occupying 2318 bytes.
Table at 0x000E84B0.
Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytes
BIOS Information
Vendor: Intel Corp.
Version: GTG4310H.86A.0019.2009.0625.1334
Release Date: 06/25/2009
.....
System Information 服務器品牌
Manufacturer:
Product Name: （沒有信息表示非品牌或未識別）
Version:
Serial Number:
UUID: 889BD67E-8D96-11DE-AC40-0013D4D9C9E8
Wake-up Type: Power Switch
SKU Number: Not Specified
Family: Not Specified
Handle 0x0002, DMI type 2, 15 bytes
Base Board Information 主板型號/主板信息
Manufacturer: Intel Corporation
Product Name: DG43GT
Version: AAE62768-300
Serial Number: BTGT9340022N
Processor Information CPU信息/CPU型號/CPU主頻
Socket Designation: PROCESSOR
Type: Central Processor
Family: Pentium D
Manufacturer: Intel(R) Corp.
ID: 7A 06 01 00 FF FB EB BF
Signature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 23, Stepping 10
Version: Pentium(R) Dual-Core CPU E6500 @ 2.93GHz
Voltage: 1.2 V
External Clock: 266 MHz
Max Speed: 4000 MHz
Current Speed: 2931 MHz
Status: Populated, Enabled
Upgrade: Socket LGA775
Cache Information 硬件和CPU緩存情況
Socket Designation: L1-Cache
Configuration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 1
Operational Mode: Write Back
Location: Internal
Installed Size: 32 kB
Maximum Size: 32 kB
BIOS Language Information BIOS語言
Installable Languages: 1
en|US|iso8859-1
Currently Installed Language: en|US|iso8859-1
Physical Memory Array 主板最大支持內存
Location: System Board Or Motherboard
Use: System Memory
Error Correction Type: None
Maximum Capacity: 16 GB
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Number Of Devices: 4
Handle 0x002C, DMI type 19, 15 bytes
Memory Array Mapped Address 目前的內存
Starting Address: 0x00000000000
Ending Address: 0x000FFFFFFFF
Range Size: 4 GB
Physical Array Handle: 0x002B
Partition Width: 0
On Board Device Information 顯卡型號
Type: Video
Status: Enabled
Description: Intelr GMA X4500 Video Device